红霉素对犬幽门括约肌压力影响及其与胃动素,生长抑素的关系

为探讨红霉素对犬幽门括约肌的作用及其机理，及其与血浆胃动素，生长抑素的关系。方法采用胃压力测量仪及放射免疫法，同步监测观察了１０条犬静脉滴ＥＭ前后和使用拮抗剂后的幽门压力、血浆ＭＴＬ，ＳＳ的变化，结论：ＥＭ具有增高犬胃幽门压力的作用，其作用机理除与血浆ＭＴＬ有着密切的关系外，血浆ＳＳ也可能共同参与了其调节机制。     

Viridans group streptococci: a reservoir of resistant bacteria in oral cavities

The worldwide spread of erythromycin A-resistant streptococci, including Streptococcus pneumoniae , is of concern. Many studies have demonstrated that the viridans group streptococci can be a reservoir of erythromycin A resistance. Within oral streptoccoci, an important difference in the susceptibility pattern has been noted. The purpose of this short editorial is to highlight the importance of this group of bacteria as a reservoir of resistance to erythromycin A and the possible transfer of resistance to S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes.     

Vesicular pityriasis rosea: response to erythromycin treatment

Pityriasis rosea (PR) is a relatively common disease although its aetiology has not yet been identified. It occurs worldwide and there is no racial susceptibility factor. It usually affects teenagers and young adults between 10 and 35 years of age. Typical PR is much easier to diagnose than the rare atypical forms. We report a rare case of vesicular PR in a black woman who had vesicular lesions limited to her palms and soles in addition to regular typical lesions. We devised an efficient oral erythromycin treatment for this patient.     

Prevalence of emm types 1 and 12 from invasive Streptococcus pyogenes disease in Greece—results of enhanced surveillance

Among a total of 101 isolates from the first systematic multicentre surveillance effort concerning invasive Streptococcus pyogenes disease in Greece, conducted between 2003 and 2005 and covering 38% of the population, emm types 1 and 12 were prevalent, being responsible for 27 and nine cases, respectively. The isolates from the remaining 65 cases were assigned to 26 other emm types. Erythromycin resistance (12 isolates) was primarily mef (A)-mediated, although all emm type 1 strains were susceptible. Tetracycline resistance, due mostly to tet (M), was detected in 26 isolates. Subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis yielded 50 chromosomal fingerprints, thus discriminating further among ten of the 28 observed emm types.     

Clinical and bacteriological outcomes in hospitalised patients with community-acquired pneumonia treated with azithromycin plus ceftriaxone, or ceftriaxone plus clarithromycin or erythromycin: a prospective, randomised, multicentre study

This study compared patients with moderate-to-severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) requiring hospitalisation, who received initial therapy with either intravenous ceftriaxone plus intravenous azithromycin, followed by step-down to oral azithromycin (n = 135), with patients who received intravenous ceftriaxone combined with either intravenous clarithromycin or erythromycin, followed by step-down to either oral clarithromycin or erythromycin (n = 143). Clinical and bacteriological outcomes were evaluated at the end of therapy (EOT; day 12-16) or at the end of study (EOS; day 28-35). At baseline, mean APACHE II scores were 13.3 and 12.6, respectively, with >50% of patients classified as Fine Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) category IV or V. Clinical success rates (cure or improvement) in the modified intent-to-treat (MITT) population at EOT were 84.3% in the ceftriaxone/azithromycin group and 82.7% in the ceftriaxone/clarithromycin or erythromycin group. At EOS, MITT success rates (cure only) were 81.7% and 75.0%, respectively. Equivalent success rates in the clinically evaluable population were 83% and 87%, respectively, at EOT, and 79% and 78%, respectively, at EOS. MITT bacteriological eradication rates were 73.2% and 67.4%, respectively, at EOT, and 68.3% vs. 60.9%, respectively, at EOS. Mean length of hospital stay (LOS) was 10.7 and 12.6 days, and the mean duration of therapy was 9.5 and 10.5 days, respectively. The incidence of infusion-related adverse events was 16.3% and 25.2% (p 0.04), respectively. An intravenous-to-oral regimen of ceftriaxone/azithromycin was at least equivalent in efficacy and safety to the comparator regimen and appeared to be a suitable treatment option for hospitalised patients with CAP.     

孕期沙眼衣原体、支原体感染治疗效果与胎儿状况相关性研究

研究孕期沙眼衣原体,支原体感染治疗效果与胎儿生长发育的关系。方法应用免疫荧光法对６００例孕妇宫颈分泌物行沙眼衣原体,支原体属抗原检测,阳性者对配偶行尿道分泌物检测,孕妇阳性者以口服红霉素治疗,观察治疗过程中,胎儿异常及低休 儿发生比较及与配遇感染的关系。     

玉米粉水解物作为红霉素发酵培养基的研究

研究了摇瓶试验中玉米粉水解物替代葡萄糖发酵红霉素的最佳培养基组成。用均匀设计法得到发酵基础培养基的最佳配比(wB，％)：玉米粉3．6，黄豆饼粉2．0，玉米浆0．23，碳酸钙0．5，淀粉0．6；用正交试验得到了优化的补混合料配比(％)：玉米粉4．5，黄豆饼粉2．0，硫酸铵1．0，酵母粉2．0；并得到了玉米粉的最适水解条件。30t发酵罐放大实验结果表明，用玉米粉水解物替代葡萄糖作碳源发酵红霉素，发酵单位提高5．8％，综合生产成本降低26．0％。     

挤出造粒、气流包衣法制备包衣微粒剂Ⅳ.红霉素肠溶胶囊的研究

介绍了挤出、滚圆、气流包衣法制备红霉素肠溶微粒胶囊。该胶囊剂耐酸性好，人工肠液中释药快，在8名健康志愿者体内的AUC为市售红霉素肠溶片的1．99倍，且个体差异小。     

对贵刊刊登《阿奇霉素3日疗法治疗小儿急性支气管炎》一文的验证

笔者阅读了贵刊 2 0 0 0年 19卷第 6期 5 13页刊登《阿奇霉素 3日疗法治疗小儿急性支气管炎》一文后 ,深受启发 ,自 2 0 0 1年 3月～ 2 0 0 2年 8月对 10 6例急性支气管炎病儿进行了验证 ,结果报道如下。临床资料　 10 6例病例是我院门诊病儿 ,按国内统一标准[1] 选择确诊为急性支气管炎 (其诊断标准为 :发热、咳嗽、肺部罗音、胸片示两肺纹理增粗 )。10 6例病儿分为 2组 ,阿奇霉素组 5 6例 ,男性 33例 ,女性 2 3例 ,年龄 (4.1±ｓ 1.4 )ａ ,1～ 7ａ。红霉素组 5 0例 ,男性 2 9例 ,女性 2 1例 ,年龄 (4.6± 1.7)ａ ,2～ 9ａ。 2组病例在接受…     

红霉素A肟的新合成方法

目的 用一种全新的方法合成红霉素A肟(1)。方法 在酸碱缓冲溶液中由红霉素A(3)与盐酸羟胺缩合生成1。系统研究了反应体系的pH值、反应温度以及盐酸羟胺的加入量对反应结果的影响。同时对红霉素A肟化反应机理进行了推导。结果 红霉素A9—肟的收率达95％以上，产品纯度达92％。化合物1经红外、氢谱、碳谱、质谱鉴定，与文献报道相一致。结论 该方法有效地抑制了红霉素A的酸性分解，与文献方法相比，大幅度提高了反应的收率和产品的纯度。