用银杏叶制剂EGB761治疗急性脑梗死的研究

目的探讨银杏叶制剂对急性脑梗死的治疗效果。方法随机选择银杏叶制剂配合治疗及常规药物治疗急性脑梗死患者各42例,对不同时期单光子发射电子计算机断层扫描(SPECT)、经颅多普勒超声检查(TCD)及血液流变学进行对比分析。结果银杏叶制剂配合治疗组治愈率及显效率明显高于常规药物治疗组(P＜0.01);银杏叶治疗组血液流变学指标全血粘度及血浆粘度均明显降低(P＜0.01);SPECT及TCD均示脑缺血病灶有不同程度改善,但常规药物治疗组血液流变学、SPECT、TCD改善均不明显。结论银杏叶制剂治疗急性脑梗死效果显著。     

仙人掌清除·OH自由基及对DNA损伤的保护作用

目的研究野生仙人掌和食用仙人掌水提物清除·OH自由基及对DNA损伤的保护作用。方法采用现代生物化学发光技术,在CuSO4-Phen-Vc-H2O2-DNA化学发光体系中测定野生仙人掌和食用仙人掌清除·OH自由基及对DNA损伤的保护作用。采用紫外分光光度计测定野生仙人掌和食用仙人掌水提物中核酸和蛋白质的OD值。结果野生仙人掌能明显清除·OH自由基,抑制DNA的氧化损伤,对DNA氧化损伤的保护作用与其浓度之间存在正比性量效关系。食用仙人掌核酸和蛋白质的OD值为野生仙人掌的2.73倍和2.58倍,但不显示清除·OH自由基作用。结论野生仙人掌对·OH自由基引起的DNA损伤有明显的保护作用。食用仙人掌有较高的营养价值,但无抗DNA氧化损伤的作用。     

Nutritional composition of Plantago species (P. Major L., P. Lanceolata L., and P. Media L.)

Analyses of the nutrients are given for the leaves of wild Plantago major L., P. lanceolata L. and P. media L., from different locations of the southeast of Spain. The proximate composition, mineral elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and P), fatty acids, vitamins (vitamin C and carotenes), nitrate and oxalic acid were determined. The results show the low proportion of available carbohydrates, ranging from 1.99 g (P. major) to 2.81 g (P. lanceolata) (per 100 g fresh weight). Oxalic acid was found in low amounts, between 33.5 mg (P. media) and 88.2 mg (P. lanceolata) (100 g f wt). P. major had the highest amounts of vitamin C (45.1 mg/100g f. wt.) and calcium (108mg/100g f. wt.). Polyunsaturated fatty acids were high in all species, ranging from 38.97% (P. media) to 46.07% (P. lanceolata). Nutrient ratios (K/Na; Ca/P and oxalic acid/Ca) were found to be favourable in most cases.     

调整盐碘含量后珠海市居民食用盐含碘量变化分析

目的了解国家第四次下调盐碘含量前后珠海市居民食用碘盐的碘含量变化。方法按GB/T 13025.7-1999《直接滴定法》测定2011和2013年居民食用盐碘含量,利用SPSS 17.0统计软件,计算并比较分析调整前后碘含量变化。结果 2011年调整盐碘含量前和2013年调整后的珠海市碘盐覆盖率分别是98.67%和98.57%（P〉0.05）;碘盐合格率分别为99.26%和94.56%（P〈0.01）;碘盐含碘量均值分别是30.43和24.41mg/kg（P〈0.01）。结论珠海市调整盐碘含量政策得到落实,调整后的碘盐合格率下降。     

Gelatin- and Papaya-Based Biodegradable and Edible Packaging Films to Counter Plastic Waste Generation

Most of the food packaging materials used in the market are petroleum-based plastics; such materials are neither biodegradable nor environmentally friendly and require years to decompose. To overcome these problems, biodegradable and edible materials are encouraged to be used because such materials degrade quickly due to the actions of bacteria, fungi, and other environmental effects. In this work, commonly available household materials such as gelatin, soy protein, corn starch, and papaya were used to prepare cost-effective lab-scale biodegradable and edible packaging film as an effective alternative to commercial plastics to reduce waste generation. Prepared films were characterized in terms of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), optical transparency, and tensile strength. FTIR confirmed the addition of papaya and soy protein to the gelatin backbone. WVTR of the gelatin-papaya films was recorded to be less than 50 g/m²/day. This water vapor barrier was five times better than films of pristine gelatin. The gelatin, papaya, and soy protein films exhibited transparencies of around 70% in the visible region. The tensile strength of the film was 2.44 MPa, which improved by a factor of 1.5 for the films containing papaya and soy protein. The barrier qualities of the gelatin and gelatin-papaya films maintained the properties even after going through 2000 bending cycles. From the results, it is inferred that the prepared films are ideally suitable for food encapsulation and their production on a larger scale can considerably cut down the plastic wastage.     

2015-2017年中国市售食用植物油中氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯的污染状况

目的 了解中国市售食用植物油中氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯的污染状况.方法 采用同位素稀释-气相色谱-质谱联用法对2015-2017年全国市售1309份食用植物油样品中的总3-氯丙醇酯、2-氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯进行检测并对污染水平进行分析.结果 植物油中3-氯丙醇酯检出率为81.83％,平均值为1.21 mg/kg.其中茶油中...     

Mycotoxin Metabolism by Edible Insects

Mycotoxins are a group of toxic secondary metabolites produced in the food chain by fungi through the infection of crops both before and after harvest. Mycotoxins are one of the most important food safety concerns due to their severe poisonous and carcinogenic effects on humans and animals upon ingestion. In the last decade, insects have received wide attention as a highly nutritious, efficient and sustainable source of animal-derived protein and caloric energy for feed and food purposes. Many insects have been used to convert food waste into animal feed. As food waste might contain mycotoxins, research has been conducted on the metabolism and detoxification of mycotoxins by edible insects. The mycotoxins that have been studied include aflatoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone (ZEN), vomitoxin or deoxynivalenol (DON), and ochratoxins (OTAs). Aflatoxin metabolism is proved through the production of hydroxylated metabolites by NADPH-dependent reductases and hydroxylases by different insects. ZEN can be metabolized into α- and β-zearalenol. Three DON metabolites, 3-, 15-acetyl-DON, and DON-3-glucoside, have been identified in the insect DON metabolites. Unfortunately, the resulting metabolites, involved enzymes, and detoxification mechanisms of OTAs and fumonisins within insects have yet to be identified. Previous studies have been focused on the insect tolerance to mycotoxins and the produced metabolites; further research needs to be conducted to understand the exact enzymes and pathways that are involved.     

食用生茶油外涂防治卧床病人摩擦红斑的临床研究

[目的]探讨生茶油外涂防治卧床病人摩擦红斑的临床效果。[方法]将2010年1月—12月Bra-den压疮风险评估得分14分以下有可能发生摩擦红斑的大小便失禁的卧床病人随机分为两组,预防1组采用生茶油外涂,预防2组采用爽身粉外擦,比较摩擦红斑发生情况;将2010年1月—12月由院外带入或院内发生摩擦红斑的大小便失禁病人随机分为两组,治疗1组应用生茶油外涂,治疗2组应用烫疮油外涂,观察两组病人局部组织止痛、消肿及红斑愈合时间。[结果]预防1组摩擦红斑的发生率明显低于预防2组(P<0.01);治疗1组局部组织止痛、消肿及红斑愈合时间明显短于治疗2组(P<0.01)。[结论]对大小便失禁的卧床病人应用食用生茶油外涂可预防摩擦红斑的发生,并可有效地治疗摩擦红斑。     

安阳市碘缺乏病阶段目标实现后碘盐监测结果分析

目的了解安阳市消除碘缺乏病后碘盐情况,为防治预措施提供科学依据。方法按照《全国碘缺乏病防治方案》的要求进行碘盐监测。结果监测盐业公司碘盐872份,批质量合格率100%,监测居民家庭食用盐1506份,非碘盐率为1.20%,覆盖率为98.80%,合格率为97.40%。结论安阳市居民合格碘盐食用率已达到国家标准。     

砷污染区植物种植的筛选研究

目的探讨砷污染区植物种植的筛选.方法于1996-1997年,采集某砷污染区土壤及其种植的玉米、水稻、花生等22种可食植物的新鲜样品测定总砷以及As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)、甲基胂酸(MMA)、二甲基胂酸(DMA)的含量.结果按测定的土壤的总砷含量排序,由高至低分成A、B、C、D 4个含量范围区,A区为1 301～1 077μg/g,B区为727～504μg/g,C区为127～94μg/g,D区64～28μg/g.同种植物所在的土壤砷含量越高,植物含砷量也越高.同一砷含量区,不同植物品种对砷的富集程度差异很大.植物的不同部位含砷量差异很大,其砷分布一般是根＞叶＞茎＞果.果实的砷含量未超过GB4810-1994<食品中砷限量卫生标准>(0.5μg/g).不同作物中As(Ⅲ)所占4种砷的主要化学形态的构成比顺位是,A区:黄豆＞玉米＞红薯,B区:大米＞玉米＞红薯＞花生.结论在该砷污染区种植果树类植物是相对较安全的,在种植品种选择上除考虑物种对总砷的富集外,还应考虑可食部分As(Ⅲ)的含量构成比.