Intake of coffee,caffeine and other methylxanthines and risk of Type I vs Type II endometrial cancer

Background:

Coffee and other sources of methylxanthines and risk of Type I vs Type II endometrial cancer (EC) have not been evaluated previously.

Methods:

Prospective cohort of 23 356 postmenopausal women with 471 Type I and 71 Type II EC cases.

Results:

Type I EC was statistically significantly associated with caffeinated (relative risk (RR)=0.65 for 4+ cups per day vs ⩽1 cup per month: 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47–0.89) but not decaffeinated (RR=0.76; 95% CI: 0.50–1.15) coffee intake; there were no associations with tea, cola or chocolate, or for Type II EC. The inverse association with caffeinated coffee intake was specific to women with a body mass index 30+ kg m⁻² (RR=0.56; 95% CI: 0.36–0.89).

Conclusion:

Coffee may protect against Type I EC in obese postmenopausal women.     

可乐饮料对口腔牙釉质的早期损害研究

目的探究可乐饮料对口腔牙釉质的早期损害。方法收集40 颗下颌第三磨牙制备120 个牙釉质样本块,将120 个样本采用随机数表法分为4 组,每组30 个釉质块,其中一组为对照组。检测百事可乐、非常可乐、可口可乐3 种饮料中的磷钙含量,分别采用微量化学分析法和维氏显微硬度仪检测经3 种可乐饮料处理1、12 和24 h 后釉质块中磷钙含量的变化情况和釉质块表面显微硬度变化情况。结果百事可乐、非常可乐和可口可乐的磷浓度分别为（3.46±0.32）、（3.87±0.26）和（3.46±0.29）mmol/L,钙浓度分别为（3.58±0.25）、（0.09±0.06）和（1.32±0.19）mmol/L,3 种可乐饮料均会导致牙釉质中钙磷溶出。磷溶出浓度由大至小分别为百事可乐、非常可乐和可口可乐,钙溶出浓度由大至小分别为非常可乐、可口可乐和百事可乐,且随着时间的延长,磷钙溶出浓度逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。3 种可乐饮料导致牙釉质表面显微硬度值降低的程度由大至小分别为非常可乐、可口可乐和百事可乐,且随着时间的延长,牙釉质表面显微硬度值逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论可乐饮料均会导致牙釉质显微硬度降低,导致牙釉质酸蚀,导致牙釉质表面脱矿程度最严重的为非常可乐。     

The acute effects of the non-nutritive sweeteners aspartame and acesulfame-K in UK diet cola on glycaemic response

Abstract

Substituting sugar-sweetened for artificially sweetened beverages may reduce energy intakes. This study aims to ascertain the acute glycaemic effects of the NNS aspartame and acesulfame-K in UK diet-cola (DC). Ten healthy participants attended the laboratory fasted on three occasions. Individuals drank (1) 25?g glucose in 125?mL water + 236?mL water, (2) 25?g glucose in 125?mL water with 236?mL DC and (3) 236?mL sucrose-sweetened cola with 125?mL water. Blood (glucose) was measured pre-test and every 15?minutes over a 120-minute period using portable glucometers. The glucose-control and glucose?+?DC elicited similar blood glucose rises above pre-prandial levels. Sucrose-sweetened cola showed a non-significant lower rise in postprandial glycaemia, exhibiting the lowest glycaemic index (GI) (77.0?±?9.1). GI of glucose (100.0?±?15.2) and glucose?+?DC (104.3?±?8.5) was similar and a one-way repeated-measures ANOVA showed no significant differences in glycaemic response between test drinks (F(2,29)?=?1.68, p?>?.05). Results demonstrate the glycaemic inactivity of non-nutritive sweeteners.     

A man with pigmented skin,dark urine and arthritis: what is your diagnosis?

A 52‐year‐old Nepali presented with fixed flexion deformity of swollen and painful hips, knees and elbows. He was kyphosed and had bluish black pigmentation in the skin, chonca, sclera and gums. The X‐ray of the dorsolumbar spine shown dense calcification and reduced intervertebral disc space. The freshly voided straw‐coloured urine turned like darkish brown cola on standing in the laboratory. He was taking lots of analgesics and steroids. He developed chronic renal failure. The electrocardiogram showed prolonged QTc which led to torsades de pointes and ventricular fibrillation.     

Cola beverage and delayed elimination of methotrexate

AIMS

To report a case of severe delayed methotrexate elimination attributable to consumption of a cola beverage.

METHODS

To investigate unexplained low urinary pH in a lymphoma patient treated with high-dose methotrexate.

RESULTS

Unexpected urinary acidity, despite administration of large amounts of sodium bicarbonate, could be attributed to repeated consumption of a cola beverage. It resulted in a delayed elimination of methotrexate and acute renal failure. Discontinuation of cola drinks, increase in calcium folinate rescue and in sodium bicarbonate allowed satisfactory elimination of methotrexate on day 12 after infusion and recovery from renal impairment without other severe toxicity. No other cause of delay in methotrexate elimination could be identified.

CONCLUSIONS

Cola beverages have a low pH due to their phosphoric acid content that is excreted by renal route. We recommend patients receiving high dose methotrexate abstain from any cola drink within 24 h before and during methotrexate administration and until complete elimination of the drug.     

Understanding Soft Drink Consumption Among Male Adolescents Using the Theory of Planned Behavior

This study identified factors that influence regular soda consumption among 564 male students, aged 13-18 years, attending North Los Angeles County public high schools. Participants completed a group-administered Theory of Planned Behavior based questionnaire. Almost all of the participants, 96.5%, reported that they currently drink soda, 60.2% reported drinking two glasses of soda or more per day during the past year. Students reported drinking regular soda more than diet soda and reported drinking phosphoric acid containing soda (cola) more than nonphosphoric acid containing soda (noncola). Attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control were significant predictors of intention to drink regular soda and together explained 61% of its variance. Our results suggest that parents, teachers/coaches, and health professionals should encourage the perception that there are other healthier drinks that quench thirst better than soft drinks and taste good, and that soda should not be excessively available at home.     

Effects of omeprazole or cola beverage on the pharmacokinetics of oral DA-8159, a new erectogenic, in rats

The changes in pharmacokinetics of DA-8159 by omeprazole with respect to inhibition of CYP3A1/2 in rats were evaluated. After oral administration of DA-8159 at dose of 30 mg/kg to rats pretreated with oral omeprazole at 30 mg/kg for 1 week, the total area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to time infinity (AUC) of DA-8159 was significantly greater (37.5% increase) than that in control rats. This could be due to inhibition of metabolism of DA-8159 by inhibition of CYP3A1/2 by omeprazole. The AUC(DA-8164 (a metabolite of DA-8159))/AUC(DA-8159) ratio was also smaller (32.4% decrease) with omeprazole. After oral administration of DA-8159 at a dose of 30 mg/kg to rats without or with cola beverage, the pharmacokinetic parameters of DA-8159 and DA-8164 were not significantly different between two groups of rats. This suggested that cola beverage did not have any considerable effects on CYP3A1/2 in rats.     

Investigation of the effects of selected medicinal plants on experimental thrombosis

Six medicinal plants indigenous to Africa were evaluated for their activity on experimental thrombosis in mice. Of the plants screened, the extract of Commiphora molmol exhibited the strongest antithrombotic activity, while the extract of Ageratum conyzoides showed no marked activity. This study established the antithrombotic effect of the extracts of Azadiractha indica, Bridelia ferruginea, Commiphora molmol, Garcinia kola and Curcuma longa. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.