葡萄糖酸内酯为凝固剂时大豆蛋白的胶凝特性

测定了以葡萄糖酸内酯(GDL)作为凝固剂时不同热处理条件下大豆蛋白主要组分———7S和11S单独胶凝时的流变学曲线,证实了蛋白质的充分变性是GDL引发大豆蛋白胶凝的前提,且已充分热变性的7S和11S组分在单独胶凝时具有大致相当的凝胶强度.通过测定7S和11S组分的物理化学性质,解释了在以GDL作为凝固剂时两组分表现出基本相似的胶凝能力,与7S组分较高的疏水性和11S组分较高的巯基含量有关.     

聚硅氯化铁的制备及其混凝效果

以硅酸钠、氯化铁为原料制备聚硅氯化铁（简称ＰＦＳＣ）混凝剂。重点考察Ｆe/SiO2摩尔比对ＰＦＳＣ混凝效果的影响。结果表明：ＰＦＳＣ的混凝效果优于聚硅酸（ＰＳ）,且Ｆe/SiO2摩尔比对ＰＦＳＣ的混凝效果有较大的影响。确定Ｆe/SiO2摩尔比为１：１.５时,其混凝效果最佳,且用药量少而范围广。为制备高效的ＰＦＳＣ提供了优化条件。     

A COMPARISON OF "CARRIER SCREENING" OF HEMOPHILIA BY THE RATIO OF FACTOR VIII COAGULANT ACTIVITY OR ANTIGEN TO FACTOR VIII RELATED ANTIGEN

Abstract: The ratio of factor VIII coagulant activity (VIIIC) or antigen (VIIICAg) to that of factor VIII related antigen (VIIIRAg) was measured in 15 normals, 21 obligatory and 23 possible carriers of hemophilia. Factor VIII coagulant was measured on fresh plasma samples whereas antigenic properties were measured on frozen and thawed samples. In obligatory carriers only, the mean level of VIIICAg was significantly lower than VIIIC and there was a tendency for low VIIICAg levels to be associated with raised VIIIRAg levels. Using both ratios, 13 obligatory carriers were outside the normal tolerance ellipse. In possible carriers, neither ratio showed superior discriminating power. In reference laboratories that perform carrier studies on stored or transported specimens, measurement of VIIICAg/VIIIRAg is a suitable test for diagnosis of carriers.     

Towards improved diagnosis of von Willebrand disease: Comparative evaluations of several automated von Willebrand factor antigen and activity assays

Introduction

von Willebrand disease (VWD) is reportedly the most common bleeding disorder and arises from deficiency and/or defects of von Willebrand factor (VWF). Laboratory diagnosis and typing has important management implications and requires a wide range of tests, including VWF activity and antigen, and involves differential identification of qualitative vs quantitative defects.

Methods

We have assessed several VWF antigen and activity assays (collagen binding [VWF:CB], ristocetin cofactor [VWF:RCo] and the new Siemens INNOVANCE assay [VWF:Ac], employing latex particles and gain of function recombinant glycoprotein Ib to facilitate VWF binding and agglutination without need for ristocetin) using different instrumentation, including the new Sysmex CS-5100, with a large sample test set (n = 600). We included retrospective plus prospective study designs, and also evaluated desmopressin responsiveness plus differential sensitivity to high molecular weight VWF.

Results

VWF:Ag and VWF:RCo results from different methods were respectively largely comparable, although some notable differences were evident, including one high false normal VWF:Ag value (105 U/dL) on a type 3 VWD sample, possibly due to heterophile antibody interference in the latex-based CS-5100 methodology. VWF:Ac was largely comparable to VWF:RCo, but VWF:CB showed discrepant findings to both VWF:RCo and VWF:Ac with some patients, most notably patients with type 2M VWD.

Conclusions

(a) VWF:Ag on different platforms are largely interchangeable, as are VWF:RCo on different platforms, except for occasional (some potentially important) differences, and manufacturer recommended methods may otherwise require some assay optimization; (b) VWF:RCo and VWF:Ac are largely interchangeable, except for occasional differences that may also relate to assay design (differing optimizations); (c) VWF:CB provides an additional activity to supplement VWF:RCo or VWF:Ac activity assays, and is not interchangeable with either.     

脉血康胶囊联合巴曲酶治疗突发性耳聋的临床研究

目的探讨脉血康胶囊联合巴曲酶治疗突发性耳聋的临床效果。方法选取天津市泰达医院2015年10月—2017年10月收治的突发性耳聋患者114例,随机分为对照组(57例)和治疗组(57例)。对照组静脉滴注巴曲酶注射液,首剂量为10 BU加入100 mL生理盐水,隔日1次,维持剂量为5 BU/次,每次给药时间1 h。治疗组在对照组基础上口服脉血康胶囊,3粒/次,3次/d。两组均连续治疗10 d。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者听力阈值、凝血–抗凝–纤溶系统指标、血液流变学指标和炎性因子水平。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的临床总有效率分别为77.2%和91.2%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者0.5、1、2、4 k Hz的听力阈值较治疗前均显著下降(P0.01),且治疗后治疗组听力阈值明显低于对照组(P0.01)。治疗后,两组血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平和血清D-二聚体(D-D)水平均显著下降(P0.01),血清抗凝血酶Ⅲ(ATⅢ)水平显著上升(P0.01),且治疗后治疗组凝血–抗凝–纤溶系统指标优于对照组(P0.01)。治疗后,两组患者红细胞沉降率(ESR)、血浆黏度(PV)值较治疗前明显降低(P0.05),红细胞变形指数(EDI)值明显增加(P0.05),且治疗后治疗组血液流变学指标明显优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者白细胞介素(IL)-6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α和超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平均显著下降(P0.01),且治疗组上述炎性因子水平明显低于对照组(P0.01)。结论脉血康胶囊联合巴曲酶注射液治疗突发性耳聋可短期内消除患者耳周感觉异常、头晕等症状,有效调节凝血–抗凝–纤溶系统平衡,改善血液流变学状态,减轻炎性反应。     

一个新的尖吻蝮蛇类凝血酶对血液活性的研究

目的研究蛇毒类凝血酶Agacutin的止血效果。方法新西兰白兔静脉注射Agacutin,观察新西兰白兔的血凝和纤溶指标;小鼠皮下注射,采用小鼠剪尾试验测定其止血效果。结果静脉注射Agacutin0.01～0.05U·kg-1剂量后,各剂量组全血凝固时间与给药前相比均有不同程度的缩短(44.9%～60.5%),给药后30min药效达高峰,药效持续24h。与给药前比较,各实验组兔血纤维蛋白原含量和血黏度在给药后有不同程度的降低,这与血液凝固时间缩短一致。试验结果显示,Agacutin对活化部分凝血活酶时间、血小板数量、血小板释放活性均无明显影响,但对优球蛋白溶解时间有不同的缩短,显示有弱的溶栓活性。腹腔注射Agacutin0.5～2.0U·kg-1剂量后,小鼠剪尾出血时间有不同程度的缩短(24%～66%)。结论Agacutin在血管内引起较高浓度的可溶性纤维蛋白和不激活凝血因子Ⅱ和,当有伤口时,在伤口部位加速止血,在正常的血管内,不会造成不溶性纤维蛋白和血栓的形成。所有实验结果显示,Agacutin是一个有效的潜在止血剂。     

超细骨碳除氟效果及影响因素的观察

目的:观察超细骨碳除氟效果及其影响因素。方法:比较三种吸附材料(竹碳、骨碳、活性碳)的超细颗粒对饮水中氟离子的吸附能力,pH值、聚合氯化铝对除氟效果的影响以及在自来水中的除氟效果。结果:骨碳与其他几种吸附材料相比具有较好的除氟效果,骨碳和混凝剂联合除氟效果比骨碳单独除氟效果要好,但达不到两者之和,在自来水中的除氟效果比在蒸馏水中要好且时间短。结论:骨碳超细粉有一定的除氟效果,但达到吸附饱和大约需9 0 min,与实际应用还有一定的距离。     

蒙药扎达散止血作用的初步研究

通过测定蒙药扎达散对正常小鼠凝血时间的影响,首次探讨扎达散的凝血和止血作用。然后,用同样的方法,分析该药不同提取物的凝血作用,发现紫花地丁等4味药的乙醇提取物具有较强的止血作用。另外,利用测定血浆复钙时间的方法,进一步研究发现,上述提取物可能影响内凝系统。