肾病综合征患儿血红细胞磷脂过氧化氢谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力的研究

本文对１７例肾病综合征（ＮＳ）患儿和１５例健康对照组儿童血红细胞磷脂过氧化氢谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＰＨＧＰｘ）活力，脂溶性荧光色素（ＬＳＦＰ）含量进行了研究。结果表明，ＮＳ急性期ＰＨＧＰｘ活力明显降低．ＬＳＦＰ含量增加；恢复期ＰＨＧＰｘ活力较急性期明显提高，但仍低于正常对照组，ＬＳＦＰ虽较急性期下降，但仍高于正常对照组。说明ＮＳ存在ＰＨＧＰｘ和ＬＳＦＰ的改变，但可逐渐恢复。     

The prevalence of chromium allergy in Denmark is currently increasing as a result of leather exposure

Background Chromium allergy has traditionally been caused by occupational skin contact with cement. In 1983, Danish legislation made the addition of ferrous sulphate compulsory in cement to reduce the water‐soluble chromium content to not more than 2 ppm. An effect from this intervention has previously been demonstrated among Danish construction workers. Objectives To investigate the development of chromium allergy among patients with dermatitis tested between 1985 and 2007 in Denmark. Furthermore, to determine causative exposures in patients with chromium allergy. Patients and methods A retrospective analysis of patch test data was performed (n = 16 228) and charts from patients with chromium allergy were reviewed. Comparisons were made using a χ² test. Logistic regression analyses were used to test for associations. Results The prevalence of chromium allergy decreased significantly from 3·6% in 1985 to 1% in 1995 (P_trend < 0·001) but increased to 3·3% in 2007 (P_trend < 0·001). The frequency of clinically relevant cement exposure decreased significantly among patients with chromium allergy from 12·7% in 1989–1994 to 3·0% (P < 0·01) in 1995–2007, whereas the frequency of relevant leather exposure increased significantly from 24·1% during 1989–1994 to 45·5% during 1995–2007 (P < 0·02). Conclusions Chromium allergy is currently increasing in Denmark due to leather exposure.     

茶色素对冠心病及高血压病病人血小板功能的影响

目的：探索茶色素对冠心病、高血压病病人血小板功能的影响。方法：冠心病病人３６例（男性２１例，女性１５例；年龄６４±ｓ４ａ）；高血压病病人３０例（男性１８例，女性１２例；年龄５８±８ａ）。采用茶色素２５０ｍｇ，ｐｏ，ｔｉｄ，３０ｄ为一个疗程。结果：治疗后ＴＸＢ２下降，６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＰ１α上升，ＴＸＢ２／６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α比值下降（Ｐ＜０．０１或Ｐ＜０．０５），ＧＭＰ－１４０下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＰａｇＴ，ＰａｄＴ下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：茶色素具有降低血小板表面活性作用，抑制血小板聚集和粘附，抗血栓形成，改善微循环，对冠心病和高血压病病人起到积极的防治作用。     

125~I－后标记检测DNA－蛋白质交联物的研究

１２５~Ｉ－后标记法是庄志雄等人（１９９４）提出的一种检测ＤＮＡ－蛋白质交联物（ＤＰＣｓ）的新技术，该法在检测离体ＣＨＯ细胞ＤＰＣｓ的实验中已显示出敏感、快速和简便的优点。本研究表明，１２５~Ｉ－后标记法不仅能有效地检出由紫外光和铬酸钾诱导的ＣＨＬ细胞ＤＰＣｓ，并能有效而敏感地检测由铬酸钾和氯化镍引起的大鼠不同组织特别是白细胞ＤＰＣｓ形成的情况，是一种敏感的和可考虑应用于人群调查的ＤＰＣｓ检测方法。     

Dermatitis from hexavalent chromate in the accelerator of an epoxy sealant (PR1422) used in the aircraft industry

4 aircraft construction workers developed allergic contact dermatitis of the hands and forearms. The allergen was hexavalent chromate in the accelerating solution of an epoxy-based sealant (PR1422). Although chromate dermatitis from an epoxy resin has been described, epoxy system accelerators are a hitherto unrecognized source of occupational chromate dermatitis.     

视细胞移植术后视网膜色素上皮的结构变化

获得纯化的由大肠杆菌表达的小鼠 Ｆａｓ配体（Ｆａｓ ｌｉｇａｎｄ,ＦａｓＬ）。方法：以质粒 ｐＥＴ－１５ｂ为载体,在大肠杆菌ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）中表达小鼠的ＦａｓＬ,用金属螫合亲和层析法纯化。结果：转化菌中,重组质粒是稳定的,异丙基－β－Ｄ硫代半乳糖苷可诱导小鼠ＦａｓＬ的表达 ,金属螫合亲和层析法可以初步纯化此蛋白。结论：在大肠杆菌中表达出小鼠的ＦａｓＬ,并得到初步纯化。     

菲啰啉对不同氧化剂和多柔比星所致CHL细胞DNA链断裂的影响

目的 为了研究菲啰啉对2种氧化剂和抗癌药多柔比星诱发细胞DNA损伤的影响, 并初步探讨其损伤机制。方法 用不同浓度菲啰啉预处理CHL细胞30 min, 再分别加入3种不同染毒受试物,共同培养一定时间(0.3 mmol·L^-1重铬酸钾：105 min； 0.5 μmol·L^-1多柔比星：5 min； 0.4 mmol·L^-1过氧化氢(H₂O₂)：25 min)后, 用碱性单细胞凝胶电泳方法(ASCGE)测定DNA链断裂情况, 并同时以菲啰啉与二甲亚砜(DMSO，0.33 mol·L^-1)比较对H₂O₂致DNA损伤中·OH的产生和清除。结果 3种染毒受试物均可明显引起CHL细胞DNA链断裂；而当3 μmol·L^-1菲啰啉预处理后, 可使重铬酸钾、H₂O₂所致DNA迁移长度和细胞拖尾率明显降低, 并超过DMSO降低H₂O₂的损伤作用, 当菲啰林浓度升至12 μmol·L^-1时, 可完全消除这两种因素所致的DNA链断裂损伤；10 μmol·L^-1菲啰啉可抑制多柔比星所致DNA损伤, 但浓度直至60 μmol·L^-1仍不能完全消除多柔比星的损伤作用。结论 菲啰啉对2种氧化剂和多柔比星所致DNA损伤均有不同程度的防护作用,同时提示重铬酸钾和H₂O₂所致的DNA损伤主要与需过渡金属离子参与的·OH产生有关, 而多柔比星所致损伤仅部分与此有关。     

上海市售食品中人工合成色素胭脂红的HPLC测定

目的了解上海市售食品中人工合成色素胭脂红的含量水平，为食品卫生学研究和保护食用者安全提供实验数据。方法采用紫外可见吸收光谱确定检测波长，运用高效液相色谱技术，结合溶剂提取的超声波震荡、摇床振摇、低温浓缩等前处理方法。结果根据现有国家标准，18种被检测食物样品中5种肉制品违规添加胭脂红。山楂片含量超标，葡萄酒、花雕酒、红肠肠衣、干玫瑰添加量接近极限。结论上海市售食品中存在人工合成色素滥用的情况，规范食品生产和流通是食品监督管理部门的迫切任务。     

Advances in understanding the molecular basis of the first steps in color vision

Serving as one of our primary environmental inputs, vision is the most sophisticated sensory system in humans. Here, we present recent findings derived from energetics, genetics and physiology that provide a more advanced understanding of color perception in mammals. Energetics of cis–trans isomerization of 11-cis-retinal accounts for color perception in the narrow region of the electromagnetic spectrum and how human eyes can absorb light in the near infrared (IR) range. Structural homology models of visual pigments reveal complex interactions of the protein moieties with the light sensitive chromophore 11-cis-retinal and that certain color blinding mutations impair secondary structural elements of these G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Finally, we identify unsolved critical aspects of color tuning that require future investigation.     

Use of red ochre by early Neandertals

The use of manganese and iron oxides by late Neandertals is well documented in Europe, especially for the period 60-40 kya. Such finds often have been interpreted as pigments even though their exact function is largely unknown. Here we report significantly older iron oxide finds that constitute the earliest documented use of red ochre by Neandertals. These finds were small concentrates of red material retrieved during excavations at Maastricht-Belvédère, The Netherlands. The excavations exposed a series of well-preserved flint artifact (and occasionally bone) scatters, formed in a river valley setting during a late Middle Pleistocene full interglacial period. Samples of the reddish material were submitted to various forms of analyses to study their physical properties. All analyses identified the red material as hematite. This is a nonlocal material that was imported to the site, possibly over dozens of kilometers. Identification of the Maastricht-Belvédère finds as hematite pushes the use of red ochre by (early) Neandertals back in time significantly, to minimally 200-250 kya (i.e., to the same time range as the early ochre use in the African record).