海勤人员战伤救护知识培训现状调查

目的 了解海勤人员战伤救护知识培训现状,为进一步系统有效地开展培训提供依据.方法 根据海勤人员的工作环境、战备训练及现代海战伤救治特点和规律自行设计问卷,对潜艇艇员、潜水员共计217人进行调杳.结果 特殊伤现场救护和心理应激渊适培训在潜艇艇员和潜水员之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).特殊武器伤现场救护培训内容中的生物武器伤和化学武器伤救护知识的培训,在潜艇艇员和潜水员之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对核武器伤和新概念武器伤救护知识的培训,在潜艇艇员和潜水员之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 战伤救护知识的培洲已在海勤部队开展,自救瓦救6项技术培训较好,新概念武器伤和特殊伤救护知识的培训开展较差.心理应激调适知识培训欠缺.     

SKWZ01-100空运救护装备的研制

回顾我军空运救护装备研究的发展历史,介绍SKWZ01-100空运救护装备研制的思路,装备的构成与特点,装备的主要性能以及装备的技术性能试验情况。     

Burn mass casualty incidents in Europe: A European response plan within the European Union Civil Protection Mechanism

BackgroundBurn care is centralized in highly specialized burn centers in Europe. These centers are of limited capacity and may be overwhelmed by a sudden surge in case of a burn mass casualty incident. Prior incidents in Europe and abroad have sustained high standards of care through well-orchestrated responses to share the burden of care in several burn centers. A burn mass casualty incident in Romania in 2015 sparked an initiative to strengthen the existing EU mechanisms. This paper aims to provide insight into developing a response plan for burn mass casualties within the EU Civil Protection Mechanism.MethodsThe European Burns Association drafted medical guidelines for burn mass casualty incidents based on a literature review and an in-depth analysis of the Romanian incident. An online questionnaire surveyed European burn centers and EU States for burn mass casualty preparedness.ResultsThe Romanian burn mass casualty in 2015 highlighted the lack of a burn-specific mechanism, leading to the late onset of international transfers. In Europe, 71% of respondents had existing mass casualty response plans, though only 35% reported having a burn-specific plan. A burns response plan for burn mass casualties was developed and adopted as a Commission staff working document in preparation for further implementation. The plan builds on the existing Union Civil Protection Mechanism framework and the standards of the WHO Emergency Medical Teams initiative to provide 1) burn assessment teams for specialized in-hospital triage of patients, 2) specialized burn care across European burn centers, and 3) medevac capacities from participating states.ConclusionThe European burn mass casualty response plan could enable the delivery of high-level burn care in the face of an overwhelming incident in an affected European country. Further steps for integration and implementation of the plan within the Union Civil Protection Mechanism framework are needed.     

马岛战争和二战中海战伤发生特点及其对我军海战伤救治的启示

Casualties in naval battles,such as Malvinas War and World War Ⅱ,demonstrate different characteristics from those that occur in land battles,and are characterized by higher rate of mass casualties,higher incidences of burns and inhalation injuries,and higher prevalence rates of frozen injuries,drowning,seawater immersion injuries and combat stress reaction.Enlightenments of these features for our naval combat casualties care include:①Simple and fixed procedures should be established for mass casualties.②For burns and inhalation injuries,treatment measures should be set up,and related facilities should be equipped in warships and hospital ships.③Targeted strategies should be developed for frozen injuries,drowning,seawater immersion injuries and combat stress reaction.However,because of the improved killing effect of modern weapons and the changes of our national security strategy,the characteristics of casualties in our possible naval combats in the future differ from the above-mentioned features.So,in consideration of our national security strategy,features of various ships in modern naval combat,killing characteristics of different weapons and possible combat areas,we need to establish a reliable prediction model for casualties in modern offshore and far-offshore naval battles,and develop navel combat care skills and medical support strategies.     

Disaster Training in 24 Hours: Evaluation of a Novel Medical Student Curriculum in Disaster Medicine

Background

Over a decade ago, the Association of American Medical Colleges called for incorporation of disaster medicine training into the education of medical students in the United States. Despite this recommendation, similar suggestions by other professional organizations, and significant interest from medical students and educators, few medical schools explicitly include robust disaster training in their curricula.

A murine model of mild traumatic brain injury exhibiting cognitive and motor deficits

Background

Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health concern affecting more than 1.7 million people in the United States annually. Mild TBI is difficult to diagnose and is clinically associated with impaired motor coordination and cognition.

Methods

We subjected mice to a mild TBI (mTBI-1 or mTBI-2) induced by a weight drop model. We assessed brain injury histologically and biochemically, the latter by serum neuron-specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Systemic and brain inflammation were measured by cytokine array. We determined blood–brain barrier integrity by cerebral vascular leakage of micromolecular and macromolecular fluorescent molecules. We evaluated mice using a rotarod device and novel object recognition to measure motor coordination and cognition, respectively.

Results

Mice undergoing mTBI-1 or mTBI-2 had significant deficits in motor coordination and cognition for several days after injury compared with controls. Furthermore, both mTBI-1 and mTBI-2 caused micromolecular leakage in the blood–brain barrier, whereas only mTBI-2 caused macromolecular leakage. Serum neuron-specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein were elevated acutely and corresponded to the degree of injury, but returned to baseline within 24 h. Serum cytokines interleukin-6 and keratinocyte-derived chemokine were significantly increased within 90 min of TBI. Interleukin-6 levels correlated with the degree of injury.

Conclusions

The current study provides a reproducible model of mild TBI in mice that exhibits pathologic features of mild TBI in humans. Furthermore, our data suggest that serum cytokines, such as IL-6, may be effective biomarkers for severity of head injury.     

Simulation-assisted burn disaster planning

The aim of the study was to evaluate the Swedish medical systems response to a mass casualty burn incident in a rural area with a focus on national coordination of burn care. Data were collected from two simulations of a mass casualty incident with burns in a rural area in the mid portion of Sweden close to the Norwegian border, based on a large inventory of emergency resources available in this area as well as regional hospitals, university hospitals and burn centres in Sweden and abroad. The simulation system Emergo Train System^® (ETS) was used and risk for preventable death and complications were used as outcome measures: simulation I, 18.5% (n = 13) preventable deaths and 15.5% (n = 11) preventable complications; simulation II, 11.4% (n = 8) preventable deaths and 11.4% (n = 8) preventable complications. The last T1 patient was evacuated after 7 h in simulation I, compared with 5 h in simulation II. Better national coordination of burn care and more timely distribution based on the experience from the first simulation, and possibly a learning effect, led to a better patient outcome in simulation II. The experience using a system that combines both process and outcome indicators can create important results that may support disaster planning.     

The Creation of Emergency Health Care Standards for Catastrophic Events

The creation of health care standards by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) in a defined area with known events follows a predictable process. A problem area (e.g., hand hygiene) is identified from multiple sources. The JCAHO then calls together experts from around the country, and through debate and the comparison of positions of various people within the health care arena, a new standard informed by these views can be developed. Once developed, it is vetted and becomes established as a Joint Commission standard. But what happens when an event has never happened, cannot be reliably predicted, and, one hopes, will never come to pass? How can one create any meaningful standards? This is the situation when considering a number of scenarios related to disasters and mass casualty events.