Sex Disparities in Risk of Mortality Among Children With ESRD

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Inadvertent removal of foreign body via a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope in a 4-year-old boy

We report the case of a 4-year-old child with an atypical presentation of an aspirated unwitnessed foreign body in the airway. During an attempt to obtain a biopsy of what appeared to be a mucosal growth, the foreign body was removed. This may be the first report of foreign body removal in a child this young, using a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 18:51–52. © 1994 Wiley-Liss. Inc.     

云南省昭通市3221名男性学生外生殖器普查报告

目的：通过对幼儿园至初中男生进行普查,了解生理发育情况、外生殖器相关疾病及卫生状况。方法：对昭通市所辖1所幼儿园、9所小学和1所中学2～18岁男生外生殖器进行体检,包括外生殖器发育、睾丸容积测量、阴茎长度测量、外生殖器相关疾病等。结果：昭通市3221名男性学生中包皮过长和包茎3099名（占96．2％）、精索静脉曲张28名（占0．9％）、腹股沟斜疝42名（占1．3％）、隐睾33名（占1．0％）、鞘膜积液28名（占0．9％）、尿道下裂1名（占0．03％）、隐匿性阴茎25名（占0．8％）。结论：包皮过长、包茎是学生多发病。较多外生殖器疾息未及时进行治疗,外生殖器卫生状况差,男生缺少卫生保健知识。学校及相关卫生部门应加强生理健康知识教育及男性外生殖器发育和保健知识教育的监测工作。     

蒙族男生青春期性发育与体成分关系探讨

本文调查了155名8～15岁牧区蒙族男生性发育、皮褶厚度及部分年龄段唾液睾酮水平．并以右肱三头肌及右肩胛下角皮褶厚度推算了体成分。分析结果表明：随性发育水平升高，瘦体重增加明显．总体脂呈缓慢上升．而体脂比则有下降趋势，提示蒙族男生育着期性发育与体成分的变化有一定联系。     

Gay and Bisexual Adolescent Boys' Sexual Experiences With Men: An Empirical Examination of Psychological Correlates in a Nonclinical Sample

Over the last quarter century the incest model, with its image of helpless victims exploited and traumatized by powerful perpetrators, has come to dominate perceptions of virtually all forms of adult–minor sex. Thus, even willing sexual relations between gay or bisexual adolescent boys and adult men, which differ from father–daughter incest in many important ways, are generally seen by the lay public and professionals as traumatizing and psychologically injurious. This study assessed this common perception by examining a nonclinical, mostly college sample of gay and bisexual men. Of the 129 men in the study, 26 were identified as having had age-discrepant sexual relations (ADSRs) as adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age with adult males. Men with ADSR experiences were as well adjusted as controls in terms of self-esteem and having achieved a positive sexual identity. Reactions to the ADSRs were predominantly positive, and most ADSRs were willingly engaged in. Younger adolescents were just as willing and reacted at least as positively as older adolescents. Data on sexual identity development indicated that ADSRs played no role in creating same-sex sexual interests, contrary to the seduction hypothesis. Findings were inconsistent with the incest model. The incest model has come to act as a procrustean bed, narrowly dictating how adult–minor sexual relations quite different from incest are perceived.     

上海市男男商业性服务人群健康和行为状况调查

[目的]了解上海市男男商业性服务人群（money boy,MB）的基本特征、艾滋病（AIDS）相关行为、健康和感染情况,探索适合该人群的AIDS宣传教育和行为干预措施。[方法]通过艾滋病自愿咨询检测（VCT）门诊、网络及同志关爱小组动员共招募124名男男性行为者（MSM）,分为MB组和非MB组,采用匿名问卷调查和血清学检测方法获取两组的AIDS相关健康、行为以及感染状况。[结果]MB组平均年龄26.0岁,初/高中及以下文化水平者占76.9%,非沪户籍者占92.3%;非MB组平均年龄29.3岁,大学及以上文化水平者占71.4%,非沪户籍者占61.2%。MB组性取向以双性恋为主,占80.8%,异性性伴侣较多;非MB组中73.5%为同性恋,62.3%的人仅和男性发生性行为。MB组首次与男性发生性行为的平均年龄为20.8岁,不安全性行为发生率可达31.2%~68.8%,疾病风险意识较非MB组低。MB组HIV和梅毒的感染率均为4.5%;非MB组中HIV和梅毒感染率分别为5.6%和6.7%,两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。[结论]MB人群具有更多的艾滋病传播危险因素,有关部门应重视加强与非政府组织合作,深入地开展宣传教育和行为干预工作,提高该群体对AIDS风险和安全性行为的认识。     

一般男男性行为者和男男性工作者艾滋病感染情况及相关知识行为调查

目的 调查并比较济宁市一般男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)和男男性工作者( money boy,MB)艾滋病感染情况、艾滋病知识知晓情况及相关知识行为,为该两类人群的艾滋病防治和行为干预提供依据.方法 2011年对济宁市MSM监测哨点、自愿咨询检测(voluntary counseling test,VCT)门诊就诊和同伴推动招募的男男性行为人群进行问卷调查和HIV抗体检测.结果 一般MSM人群平均年龄(26.45 ±5.80)岁,MB人群平均年龄为(22.23±3.30)岁,差别有统计学意义(t=4.185,P＜0.01).一般MSM人群未婚占48.24％.已婚或同居占45.53％,离异丧偶占6.7％;MB人群未婚占85.4％,已婚或同居占9.8％,离异丧偶占4.9％,一般MSM和MB的婚姻状况分布不同(x2=21.339,P＜0.05).一般MSM人群高中及以上文化程度者占74.8％,MB人群高中及以上文化程度者占51.22％,差异有统计学意义(x2=10.274,P＜0.05).MB的HIV的感染率(7.3％)高于一般MSM人群(1.6％)(P＜0.05);二者的艾滋病相关知识知晓率没有差异(P＞0.05).MB自认为是同性恋的比例(41.46％)低于一般MSM人群(70.73％)(P＜0.05);近6个月和近1月MB的安全套使用率(75.61％和51.22％)高于一般MSM人群(52.03％和32.79％)(P＜0.05).结论 MB人群是比一般MSM人群更加高危的HIV易感人群和桥梁人群.     

首发儿童精神分裂症患者母亲抑郁症的调查

为探讨独生男孩首次患精神分裂症后,其母伴抑郁症状的临床特点,对38例患儿母亲进行症状自评量表(SCL-90)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定。同时选取年龄、文化程度、职业相匹配的38例健康独生男孩的母亲为对照。结果:研究组常伴有抑郁症状,三种量表总分均明显高于对照组(P<0.001)。提示,对伴抑郁症状(患儿)母亲应予心理和抗抑郁药物治疗,对存在心身健康问题(患儿)母亲给予咨询、指导和社会心理支持。     

注意缺陷多动障碍男生行为及家庭环境的相关分析

【目的】探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)男生的行为、家庭环境的特征及两者的相关性。【方法】应用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)(家长用),家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV)对65例ADHD男生及43名正常男生进行评定并对其结果进行对比和相关性分析。【结果】1)行为评分中,ADHD组抑郁、交往不良、强迫性、体诉、社交退缩、多动、攻击性、违纪得分均高于正常组(P0.05);2)家庭环境评分中,ADHD组的亲密度、情感表达、知识性、娱乐性、道德宗教、组织性得分都低于正常组(P0.05),矛盾性、独立性得分高于正常组(P0.05);3)ADHD男生家庭环境与行为问题的相关性分析中亲密度与抑郁、强迫性、多动、攻击性、违纪及行为总分呈负相关;道德宗教与分裂性、抑郁、交往不良、强迫性及行为总分呈负相关;组织性与分裂性、抑郁及行为总分成负相关;矛盾性与分裂性、抑郁、强迫性、社交退缩、多动、攻击性及行为总分呈正相关;4)ADHD男生家庭环境中矛盾性、道德宗教是影响其行为发生的主要危险因素(P0.05)。【结论】ADHD男生行为及家庭环境均存在一定问题,家庭环境在一定程度上影响着行为问题的发生,应引起社会的广泛关注,及早采取干预措施。     

EVALUATION OF EXERCISE PERFORMANCE IN HEALTHY TURKISH ADOLESCENTS

In this study, exercise performance was evaluated in 259 healthy adolescents by using some tests. The purpose of the study was to investigate exercise performance and cardiorespiratory capacity in both adolescent boys and girls. The following tests were applied to all children: ball throw with right and left hands, vertical jump, long jump without prior motion, pull up (repetition number), flexibility, and agility (set repetition number) tests. Additionally, heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured. Applied spirometric tests were as follows: vital capacity, forced vital capacity, forced expiration volume in the first second, ventilation volume, maximum volunteer ventilation and respiration frequency. This study found that heart rate was statistically significantly higher in females than males (p < .05). There was also a statistically significant difference in vital capacity, forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in the first second (in both measured and predicted values) between males and females (p < .05). Additionally, it was found that there were statistically significant differences in the 60 and 200 meters races, maximal pull up, maximal sit up, vertical jump, standing long jump, ball throwing with right hand, horizontal bar, and agility between the male and female groups (p < .05). In conclusion, the findings showed that although females were superior in the 60 and 200 meter race, males were superior in agility, horizontal bar, ball throwing with right hand, long jump, and vertical jump.