十名志愿者口服维拉帕米缓释片药代动力学和心电图研究

对10名男性受试者单剂量po240mgVer缓释片药代动力学及心电图变化进行研究。血药浓度—时间数据用零级吸收过程的一室模型拟合,其药代动力学参数:T_max5.9±1.6h;C_max118.9±37.2μg·L^-1;T₁ 5.4±1.5h;k₀30.5±17.5μg·L^-1·h^-1;T_1/210.8±4.9h。PR间期延长有显著意义,血药浓度与PR间期变化满足S 型模型,其药效学参数:EC₅₀ 64.6±16.9μg·L^-1; E_max54±11ms;s 1.68±0.66。     

中国ESI高被引科学家和ESI学术期刊的学科分布探析与比较

【目的】 结合国家对学术期刊发展的指导政策,为中国英文学术期刊发展路径提供思路、数据支撑和理论指导。【方法】 以中国ESI高被引科学家和ESI期刊在ESI 22个学科的分布为研究对象,对两者分别在世界ESI高被引科学家和世界ESI高被引期刊中的发展脉络进行分析。【结果】 两类研究对象的发展现状不均衡,中国ESI期刊行业布局尚未对中国ESI高被引学者的跨学科发展趋势做出响应。【结论】 在中国基础学科的高被引科学家不断涌现的背景下,除了大力发展基础学科的高质量期刊以外,扶持交叉领域期刊、综合性学术期刊以及文科和应用型学科期刊的发展对促进中国ESI期刊学科分布均衡发展有重要意义;中国ESI期刊应将扶植国内科研工作者作为首要使命。     

Bibliometric Analysis of the Top-Cited Articles on Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundUnicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has been proven to be an effective surgical technique for unilateral compartment osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the top 100 cited articles in the field of UKA research.MethodsPublications on UKA from 1980 to 2020 in the Web of Science database were retrieved. The characteristics of the top 100 cited articles were analyzed, including information of publications and citations, level of evidence, and research interests.ResultsThe number of publications and citations increased over time. The majority of the highly cited articles were from the Nuffield Orthopedic Centre (Oxford, England) and the Brigham and Women’s Hospital (Boston, USA). Long-term outcome of UKA and comparison between UKA and TKA gathered most research interests. The most frequently occurring keywords were “survival” and “revision.” Since 2012, “life quality” and “robotics” have been used. There was no level I evidence, and most studies provided level IV evidence.ConclusionThere was a rising trend in publications and citations in the field of UKA research, the majority of them were from a few centers, and were low-level evidence. Most studies focused on the long-term outcomes of UKA; in recent years, patient satisfaction and navigation surgery have become new research trends.     

药品零加成政策对慢性心力衰竭患者次均住院费用变化影响结构分析

目的 分析药品零加成政策对于慢性心衰住院费用的影响和结构变动趋势,为推进医改的实施和加强医院内部管理提供依据。方法 收集上海某医院2016—2019年慢性心衰患者住院费用,采用结构变动度法和灰色关联度法分析各项费用的结构变动情况及其与总费用的关联程度。 结果 2016—2019年住院费用总结构变动度为24.49%;药费及耗材费呈下降趋势,诊断费及综合服务费上升;药费结构变动贡献率最大（34.75%）,其次是诊断费（31.24%）,两项累积贡献率达65.99%;与次均住院费用关联度从高到低前三项为诊断费（0.86）、药费（0.79）和耗材费（0.72）。 结论 样本医院药品零加成政策的实施取得显著的成效。今后医院应建立合理评估机制,进一步控制药费及耗材费,加强诊断费的监督管理,优化医疗费用结构。     

High-altitude retinopathy and altitude illness

Objective

To determine the relationship between high-altitude retinopathy (HAR) and other altitude-related illnesses and establish a classification system for HAR.

医院药库实施零库存的探讨

目的:探讨医院药库能否实施零库存。方法:分析医院药库实施零库存的优点、条件及模式。结果与结论:在满足一定条件的基础上,医院药库可以实施零库存,这也符合未来的发展趋势。     

零缺陷管理理论在医院感染管理中的作用

目的探讨医院感染管理的有效方法,减少医院感染的发生率,提高医疗质量. 方法将"零缺陷"管理理论导入医院感染管理中,利用高层领导者特有的影响力,推行"零缺陷"活动;通过健全质量保证体系,实现质量标准化,加强专业队伍建设和全员教育,排除影响质量管理的不良因素并实施持续质量改进,使医院感染管理逐步趋近"零缺陷". 结果各项质量管理措施得以落实,医院感染率明显减少. 结论 "零缺陷"管理理论用于医院感染管理是切实可行的.     

Benefits and shortcomings of superselective transarterial embolization of renal tumors before zero ischemia laparoscopic partial nephrectomy

AimsTo report feasibility, safety and effectiveness of “zero-ischemia” laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) following preoperative superselective transarterial embolization (STE) for clinical T1 renal tumors.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed perioperative data of 23 consecutive patients, who underwent STE prior LPN between March 2010 and November 2012 for incidental clinical T1 renal mass. STE was performed by two experienced radiologists the day before surgery. Surgical procedures were performed in extended flank position, transperitoneally, by a single surgeon.ResultsMean patients age was 68 years (range 56–74), mean tumor size was 3.5 cm (range 2.2–6.3 cm). STE was successfully completed in 16 patients 12–15 h before surgery. In 4 cases STE failed to provide a complete occlusion of all feeding arteries, while in 3 cases the ischemic area was larger than expected.LPN was successfully completed in all patients but one where open conversion was necessary; a “zero-ischemia” approach was performed in 19/23 patients (82.6%) while hilar clamp was necessary in 4 cases, with a mean warm-ischemia time of 14.8 min (range 5–22).Mean operative time was 123 min (range 115–130) and mean intraoperative blood loss was 250 mL (range 20–450).No patient experienced postoperative acute renal failure and no patient developed new onset IV stage chronic kidney disease at 1-yr follow-up.ConclusionsSTE is a viable option to perform “zero-ischemia” LPN at beginning of learning curve; however, hilar clamp was necessary to achieve a relatively blood-less field in 17.4% of cases.     

改良超滤与零平衡超滤结合应用于婴幼儿体外循环手术59例的体会

目的总结改良超滤与零平衡超滤在59例婴幼儿体外循环手术中结合应用的经验、方法及临床效果。方法 59例婴幼儿,其中男40例,女19例,年龄4月～3岁之间,体重5～14kg,体外循环手术中均采用在体外循环过程中根据灌注压、红细胞压积给予零平衡超滤,停机后给予改良超滤。结果 59例患儿均顺利停机,无1例死亡,未出现超滤并发症,转中血球压积18～30(22.5±2)%,停机改良超滤后血球压积上升至32～38(35.8±1.4)%,在CCU住院时间为2～6d,皆顺利出院。结论在婴幼儿体外循环中将零平衡超滤与改良超滤的结合应用,零平衡超滤利于炎性介质的滤出,改良超滤可在CPB结束后快速排出多余的水分,提高红细胞压积,改善心肺功能,适用于低体重血液稀释度大的婴幼儿及体外循环时间长者。