Characteristics of drowning deaths in an inner city river

A study was undertaken of all drowning deaths that occurred over a 30-year period from 1988 to 2017 in the urban section of the River Torrens, Adelaide, South Australia, an augmented waterway that runs through the central business district. Autopsy records from Forensic Science South Australia (FSSA) were reviewed. There were 34 drownings (0–5 cases/yr) with 28 males and 6 females (M;F = 4.6:1), with an age range for males of 18-76yrs (mean 42.0; SD 18.0) and for females of 20-84yrs (mean 69.3; SD 24.5). There were 15 (44%) accidents, 11 (32%) suicides, 1 (3%) homicide and 7 (21%) undetermined. Of the 22 cases during or after 1994 with complete toxicology reports, 10 (45%) had a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of greater than 0.05% (g/100 mL) with an illicit substance detected in 4 (18%) cases: (MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), methylamphetamine and THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) acid). The presence of various therapeutic drugs was also detected in 10 cases (45%) including temazepam, fluoxetine, diazepam, olanzapine, amitriptyline, carbamazepine, codeine, citalopram and valproate. Although the numbers of cases were not high, the urban portion of the River Torrens had a much higher number of drowning events per kilometre compared to other inland waterways in South Australia such as the Murray River. This is most likely due to the vulnerability that exists for intoxicated individuals in the city from falls into the water and to the availability of the river as a means of suicide to members of the adjacent urban population.     

长江北三角洲抗倭碑文的史料意义

长江北三角平原上所遗存的二十余种记及明代倭患和抗倭战争的古代的碑石文献 ,在数量上据全国各抗倭战区所存的同类文献之首。在内容上 ,对补充旧史的阙失、订正传误、佐证史实、深化研究也有诸多帮助 ,尤其是对廓正对倭寇与倭患问题的认识有着积极的意义     

哈巴河铁热克提林牧区蜱类调查研究

作者于1999年5月在新疆哈巴河铁热克提林牧区调查莱姆病时,采用布旗法和宿主检蜱法,对当地莱姆病媒介蜱类作了调查研究,捕获蜱类标本3090只,经整理鉴定,共系8种,其中森林革蜱D.silvarum1543,占捕获总数49.94％,银盾革蜱D.niveus1099只,占35.57％,草原草蜱D.nuttalli383只,占12.49％,边缘革蜱D.marginatus58只,占1.88％,嗜群血蜱H.concin-ma、铃头血蜱H.campanulata、全沟硬蜱I.persulcatus和残缘璃眼蜱Hy.detrtum共7只,占0.22％。当地蜱类在不同生境、不同寄主和不同时间内,其种类组成、活动及数量动态各不相同。     

引滦水源隐孢子虫和f2噬菌体消长规律研究

目的 探讨天津引滦水源原虫与病毒污染现状和消长规律。方法 根据引滦河道的排污、与其他水体交叉及其倒虹闸的分布情况确定采样监测点。分别用隐孢子虫和f2噬菌体表示水体受原虫和病毒污染的情况，水样通过浓集分离装置使隐孢子虫和f2噬菌体得到浓集，隐孢子虫经过固定、洗脱、悬浮和洗涤、染色，镜检计数；f2噬菌体滤液中加入Ecoli 285寄主菌液，恒温培养，观察计数。结果 各采样点隐孢子虫和f2噬菌体点次检出率分别为57．7％和63，9％，分别集中在春夏季和秋季。f2噬菌体在中上游较高，于桥水库和下游较低。结论 引滦水源已受原虫和病毒的污染。建议将引滦河道中极易受到污染的自然河道和明渠段改为暗渠输水方式，并加强引滦河道沿岸工农业和生活污染来源的监控。     

广州市河网污染与酸雨相关性研究

[目的]探讨河网严重污染后对环境的影响,尤其是对酸雨形成的影响。[方法]以广州市河网为例,通过测定河网受严重污染后水体沉积物中H2S、SO2、NH3的排放量,同时对当地的酸雨进行监测。[结果]实验表明,河网污染最严重的晚春、夏、初秋季节,H2S、SO2、NH3的排放量明显增高,且在这段时间,恰好是酸雨频发、严重的时期。[结论]河网污染与局部酸雨的形成有一定的相关性。     

湘江株洲城区段水质监测、评价及污染因素调查分析

目的通过对湘江株洲段水质监测及污染因素调查,为保护湘江水体卫生提供依据。方法选择湘江株洲段上缘、下缘及距下缘5km处分别布三个监测点。在丰水期和枯水期每期监测两次,每次取湘江左岸、江中、右岸水样共计36个水样,按国家统一水质检测方法检测污染物。结果株洲在经过一定的环保措施后,水质状况有好转,但目前仍有污染,特别是镉、挥发酚、汞、砷超标率高,分别为2.64%、2.28%、1.36%、0.86%,主要污染来源仍为工业废水。并且与江中采砂搅动江底污泥、医院污水排放、生产、生活用水排放有关。另外,清除城镇污沟、清洗含毒物质用具可导致突发性污染。结论今后须加强对广大民众保护水资源卫生的宣传教育,并从根本上解决废水处理。     

长江三角洲区域经济增长趋同检验与分析

改革开放以来的24年中，长三角15个城市地区存在比较明显的经济增长趋同现象，同时经历了首先快速趋同而后缓慢趋异的动态变化过程，其转折点是二十世纪九十年代初期；不包括上海在内的长三角14个城市地区的经济增长同样存在趋同现象，也经历了先趋同后趋异的变化过程。二者存在着比较明显的差别：前一时段14城市地区经济增长趋同的速度较15城市为慢，而后一时段经济增长趋异的速度较15城市地区为快。长三角地区经济增长趋同及其变化过程的主要作用机制不是资本边际报酬递减，不是技术扩散和转移，也不是结构变迁或生产要素跨部门的再配置，而是经济全球化背景下国际资本（外商直接投资）转移的空间选择及其演化规律。     

Praziquantel treatment of school children from single and mixed infection foci of intestinal and urogenital schistosomiasis along the Senegal River Basin: monitoring treatment success and re-infection patterns

Following major water development schemes in the 1980s, schistosomiasis has become a serious parasitic disease of children living in the Senegal River Basin. Both urogenital (Schistosoma haematobium) and intestinal (Schistosoma mansoni) schistosomiasis can be highly prevalent in school-aged children, with many individuals infected with both parasites. In order to investigate the transmission and re-infection dynamics of both parasite species, single and mixed infection foci at three villages (Nder and Temeye; S. mansoni and S. haematobium foci and Guia; S. haematobium focus) were studied. In each focus infected children were identified and selected for a 12-month study involving two treatments with praziquantel (40 mg/kg) three weeks apart at the beginning of the study and again 6 months into the study. Urine and stool samples were examined for schistosome eggs before and at 6 weeks and 6 months after chemotherapy. Prevalence and intensity of infection were recorded for each child at each time point. Before treatment, in all three villages, the prevalence and intensity of infection was extremely high for both S. mansoni (79–100%) and S. haematobium (81–97%). With the first round of chemotherapy sufficient cure rates (CRs) of both species were achieved in all villages (38–96%) with high egg reduction rates (ERRs) (97–99%). The data show that high and rapid re-infection rates occur, especially for S. mansoni, within a six-month period following treatment. Re-infection must be highly linked to ecological and seasonal factors. The persistence of S. mansoni in Nder could raise concern as levels of infection intensity remain high (geometric mean intensity at baseline 653 epg changed to 705 epg at 12 months) after four rounds of chemotherapy. This phenomenon could be explained by extremely rapid re-infection dynamics or a sub-optimal efficacy of praziquantel against S. mansoni in this village. High intensities in mixed infections may influence disease epidemiology and control warranting further studies. The disease situation in the SRB must be monitored closely and new treatment regimes should be designed and implemented to control schistosomiasis in the school-age population.     

Crude 4-methylcyclohexanemethanol (MCHM) did not cause skin irritation in humans in 48-h patch test

Crude 4-methylcyclohexanemethanol (MCHM) is an industrial chemical used to wash and clean coal. On January 9th, 2014 approximately 10,000 gallons of a mixture containing crude MCHM were released into the Elk River near Charleston, West Virginia, contaminating the local water supply. Following the spill, residents reported numerous health complaints, and sought medical attention for ailments including rashes and itching. The relationship between the complaints and the spill were unknown, as such symptoms are reported frequently in the background. In this study, the primary irritation potential of crude MCHM was evaluated in 206 individuals who underwent 48?hour semi-occluded patch testing. MCHM concentrations assessed in this study were 1, 5, 15, and 100?ppm. No appreciable skin reactions were observed in individuals at any concentration. Three of the five concentrations evaluated were above the highest measured concentration of MCHM in the tap water of residents in West Virginia (3.7?ppm). The results of this study suggest that crude MCHM would not be a dermal irritant for the vast majority, if not all, potentially exposed persons at the concentrations in the water reported after the spill.     

库车坳陷东部迪北侏罗系致密砂岩气藏特征

岗位评价又称职位评价,是指在岗位分析的基础上,按照一定的标准,对各个岗位的工作性质、责任要素、复杂因素、任职要素、工作环境等方面进行综合性的评价,确定岗位相对价值的过程[1].岗位评价方案通过对一系列报酬要素的排序或评分,衡量工作的相对价值,明确各个岗位的分类、级别的高低,保证对每个岗位的工作人员进行考核、晋升、奖罚等管理时,具有统一的标准,是现代人力资源管理理论中的重要内容.本文对国内外岗位评价方法及应用现状综述如下.