天然放射性气溶胶的粒径分布及其测量方法

天然放射性气溶胶粒径分布的变化会引起氡及其子体所致肺剂量的较大涨落。由于我国对其报道甚少，在肺剂量估算中均引用ＵＮＳＣＥＡＲ的推荐值。为验证这种引用的合理性和建立气溶胶粒径分布的测量方法，开展本项研究。方法采用金属丝网筛（１６５目）扩散法测量天然空气经不同数目网筛扩散前后的放射性浓度比（衰减比）来绘制衰减曲线，然后用池边模式计算出粒径分布曲线。衰减比、粒径分布的计算和曲线的绘制均采用计算机。结果室内外天然放射性气溶胶粒径呈几何正态分布，分布的峰值的平均值分别为（０．２０±０．０９）μｍ和（０．２７±０．１１）μｍ。粒径分布和氡浓度、气压、气温、湿度等未发现相关关系。结论本研究结果与ＵＮＳＣＥＡＲ报告书（１９８８）的推荐值相比，室内值相同，室外值略高，与Ｊａｃｏｂｉ的研究相近。由此可得出结论，福州地区引用ＵＮＳＣＥＡＲ报告书的推荐值来估算氡及其子体所致肺剂量是合适的。此结论能否推广到其他地区，还需作进一步的研究。     

Behavior in chimeric mice combining differently behaving strains

A/J and C57BL/6J mice behave differently in tests for alcohol preference, open-field activity, defecation in the open field, cricket attacking, and rope climbing. Chimeric mice, i.e., mice containing both A/J cells and C57BL/6J cells, were constructed and tested for these behaviors. Patterns of behavior among A/JC57BL/6J chimeras are such as to suggest that none of these behavior differences is controlled by a single cell or clone and that the same cell population that gives rise to the strain difference in alcohol preference also gives rise to the differences in open-field activity and defecation, while separate cell populations control cricket killing and rope climbing.This research was supported by Research Grants AA 00388 and HD 03015 to M. N. N. and MH 18996 to K. B. Computing assistance was obtained from the Health Sciences Computing Facility, UCLA, supported by NIH Special Research Resources Grant RR-3.     

某钢丝绳生产企业职业危害现状调查及控制对策

目的了解某钢丝绳生产企业职业病危害现状,为控制该企业职业病危害因素提供依据。方法通过对某钢丝绳生产企业进行职业卫生现场调查、职业病危害因素检测,收集有关数据和资料,结合职业病危害防护设施、个人职业病危害防护、应急救援措施、职业健康检查结果等进行分析评价。结果粉尘、毒物、高温检测结果均符合国家职业卫生标准,合绳捻股车间捻股机、合绳机岗位噪声强度检测结果超标率100%,拉丝车间噪声检测合格率16.7%。职业卫生管理措施不够完善。结论该公司属于职业病危害较重企业,劳动者有发生职业性慢性铅中毒、职业性化学性灼伤、职业性噪声聋的风险,需采取有效措施进行整改。     

Sentinel lymph node BIOPSY after neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer patients with lymph node involvement at diagnosis. Could wire localization of clipped node improve our results?

IntroductionSentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in node-positive (N+) breast cancer patients at diagnosis remains a controversial issue, with no consensus on implementation or safety.ObjectivesWe sought to assess the accuracy of SLNB after NAT in biopsy-proven N+ cases at diagnosis and the efficacy and accuracy of wire localization of the clipped node to improve results.Material and methodsA cross-sectional diagnostic technique validation study in N+ patients following NAT was performed. The biopsy-proven affected lymph node was clipped at diagnosis. SLNB and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) were performed in cases of clinical-radiological lymph node response after NAT. For the purposes of our study we added wire localization of the clipped node.Results103 patients were included (mean age, 54.4 years [± 12.7]). Wire marking was performed in 28 cases. The overall identification rate (IR) of SLN was 81.6%. The median number of nodes removed was 2 (range 2). The overall false negative rate (FNR) was 6.1%. Sensitivity and overall accuracy were 93.9% and 95.2%, respectively (area under curve 0.97). In the double-marked (clip and wire) group the FNR decreased to 0% and accuracy was 100%. Axillary pathologic complete response was observed in 24.3% of cases.ConclusionsSLNB is useful in node-positive patients at diagnosis who respond to NAT. Combining this with preoperative wire localization of the biopsied lymph node reduces the FNR without increasing the number of complications.     

Rupture of Flexor Tendons After Arthrodesis of the Basal Joint of the Thumb

We report a case of rupture of the flexor tendons to the index finger after arthrodesis of the basal joint of the thumb. The tendons ruptured as a result of the Kirschner wires having penetrated in the carpal tunnel. This unusual complication was treated by tendon graft of the palmaris longus tendon.     

尼龙绳结扎装置在内镜下荷包缝合过程中的常见问题分析及应对策略

目的 总结尼龙绳结扎装置在内镜下荷包缝合过程中出现的问题事件并分析其原因,从而改进和探索尼龙绳结扎装置使用过程中的技巧及策略。方法 回顾性分析2017年4月－2020年12月该院消化内镜中心99例行上消化道内镜下荷包缝合患者的手术过程,总结尼龙绳结扎装置在使用过程中出现的问题事件及其原因。结果 共总结出问题事件21次,包括外鞘管前端褶皱10次、结扎环脱钩5次、结扎环无法释放2次、结扎环断开2次、结扎环塞向前移动2次。结果显示,内镜类型和缝合镜式是问题事件发生的影响因素,且单腔镜操作、倒镜缝合比双腔镜、正镜缝合更容易发生问题事件,病变的位置不是问题事件发生的影响因素,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 通过分析人为因素、创面位置因素、装置质量因素等问题事件的原因,提出相应的对策,从而减少和避免不必要的问题事件,提高手术效率。     

Measuring salivary cortisol in studies of child development: watch out--what goes in may not come out of saliva collection devices

Technical advances that enable the noninvasive measurement of biomarkers in saliva have spawned a generation of investigations that integrate biological variables into behavioral and developmental research. This study examines whether the collection of saliva, using common absorbent devices compromises the measurement of cortisol when saliva specimens have low sample volume. Within subjects (n = 20), saliva samples were prepared to experimentally represent a gradient of lower to higher sample volumes. One aliquot was immediately frozen (no treatment control) and the remaining aliquots were absorbed ("collected") using one of three collection techniques employed in studies of child development (e.g., braided cotton dental rope, Salivette cotton pledget, or hydrocellulose microsponge). The sample volume recovered from each device relative to the initial volume available to be absorbed, and cortisol level recovered from each device relative to the untreated-control condition were measured. Results reveal that for certain collection devices (1) the percent volume recovered is related to the initial volume available to be absorbed, (2) a substantial percentage of cortisol in saliva specimens can remain in absorbent material, and (3) the percent of cortisol recovered can be associated with the initial sample volume available to be absorbed. When research participants, such as young children, produce low volume saliva specimens, some absorbent devices may have the potential to introduce error variance in the measurement of salivary cortisol.