网络教育资源构建中Windows Media流媒体技术的应用与研究

Windows Media流媒体由于交互性强、使用方便和效率高，使得在网络教育中的应用逐渐增多。本文讨论了Windows Media流媒体技术在网络教育和资源构建中应用的优势及其在设计、制作、发布、应用等各环节的相关理论和技术细节。     

恶性肿瘤患者血清癌胚抗原放射免疫分析

本文采用放射免疫法测定了144例恶性肿瘤患者血清CEA含量,并以同样条件测定了30例正常人作为对照。结果表明恶性肿瘤患者血清CEA含量显著高于健康人,均值为10.3±4.84ng/ml。不同肿瘤患者血清CEA升高的程度不等,其中以肺癌含量最高为14.7±7.83ng/ml。转移性肿瘤CEA含量高于144例肿瘤的平均水平。术后复发者含量不见下降。癌性胸腹水中CEA含量明显升高。因此,血清CEA的测定对恶性肿瘤的辅助诊断,评价疗效和判断预后具有重要的临床意义。     

NM-Win: A Personal Computer-Based Microsoft® Windows™ Front-End to NONMEM IV

A Microsoft Windows-based front-end, NM-Win, has been written to provide a more user-friendly environment to do nonlinear mixed effect modeling with the NONMEM program. NM-Win utilizes an object-oriented interface design which allows users to view and edit control, PRED, and/or data files using Windows Notepad. In addition, calls made to the Microsoft FORTRAN compiler and linker which generate the final NONMEN executable are performed simply by clicking the Run NONMEN button. During the executive step, iterations can be viewed in a window to check the progress of the run. Errors encountered while NONMEN or NM-TRAN is running are brought to a window for ease in debugging. Advanced options allow the user the flexibility of compiling user-written PRED files and creating linker response files. While the PC platform is not optimal for large data set or complex models, it does permit easier debugging and offers multitasking while Windows is running.     

高效毛细管电泳柱上富集测定福莫特罗干糖浆

研究了低规格药物福莫特罗干糖浆的含量测定。方法采用高效毛细管电泳柱上富集的方法则定。电压进样,１０ＫＶ,２０ｓ,运行电压２０ＫＶ,运行缓冲液为８０ｍｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１磷酸盐缓冲液;检测波长为２００ｎｍ。结论本法简便,准确,重现性,样口柱上富集２６０倍。     

阴离子、阳离子检测方法研究进展

近几十年来，阴、阳离子检测方法的发展非常迅速，检测方法有了较大的改进，同时离子种类得到很大的丰富。根据不同的药物分析目的可选择不同的检测方法，以取得最好的检测精度和灵敏度。简要地介绍了用于检测药物中常用的阴、阳离子的比浊法、比色法、滴定法、离子选择电极法、可见-紫外分光光度法、原子吸收分光光度法与色谱法等分析方法，并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

A comprehensive review of intake estimates of di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) based on indirect exposure models and urinary biomonitoring data

Di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) is a high molecular weight general purpose plasticizer used principally in the manufacture of flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) articles. DINP metabolites can be measured in biological media such as blood and urine. However, measurement of a substance in the blood or urine does not by itself mean that the chemical causes or is associated with adverse health outcomes. This is particularly pertinent given the advances in modern analytical techniques whereby ever diminishing trace amounts of substances can be detected. Therefore, it is a scientific necessity that risk assessors understand the relationship of biomonitoring data to estimation of exposure so that appropriate comparisons can be made to the no observed adverse effects levels (NOAELs) or other points of departure from toxicological studies in animals. In this paper, estimates of daily DINP intake are calculated for various population segments based on urinary biomonitoring data and are compared to estimates of exposure based on indirect methods and to health-based exposure guidance values. In general, intake estimates converge on a mean of 1–2 μg/kg/day regardless of source of exposure or population cluster; a value 2-orders of magnitude lower than health-based exposure guidance values, ranging from 120 to 290 μg/kg/day, which have been established by regulatory authorities and other authoritative bodies as representing acceptable levels.     

1～14岁正常儿童胫后神经体感诱发电位正常值及其特点

目的：探讨正常儿童胫后神经（PTN）体感诱发电位（SEP）的特点及正常值。方法：对121名正常儿童进行PTN—SEP检测,分析各波的特点及各波参数随年龄变化规律。结果：PTN—SEP随年龄增长,波幅增高,使波容易辨认,波幅在个体问变异较大。左右双侧对应波的潜伏期（PL）和峰间期（IPL）比较差异无显著意义（P〉0．05）,各组男女间PL和IPL无性别差异（P〉0．05）。外周神经电位的腰髓电位（LP）、马尾电位（cE）、胭窝电位（PF）等3个波的潜伏期随年龄增长PI。延长,而P40和N45等皮层电位的PL在8岁前变化则不明显（相邻组间P〉0．05）,8岁后延长明显。PF-T12的IPL也随年龄增长而延长（相邻组间P〈0．05）;而T12-P40IPL3岁组较1岁组延长,但差异不明显,以后随年龄增长而缩短,6岁组达成人值。结论：儿童PTN—SEP的正常值按年龄组划分是完全必要的。由于各波PL受身长的影响大,因此绝对PL不宜作为PTN—SEP的异常标准。PTNSEP是评价小儿躯体感觉通路、脊髓、脑干和大脑功能的客观指标,具有较大的临床实用价值。     

The diagnostic yield using ultrasound-guided needle-aspiration for subpleural primary lung cancer is not affected by the radiological properties of the lesions resulting from computed tomography

Background

It is well known that ultrasound-guided needle-aspiration (USGNA) for intrapulmonary subpleural lesion in contact with the pleura is useful and safe, and its diagnostic yield is high. However, reports concerned with the analyses of cases with intrapulmonary subpleural lesion which could not be diagnosed using USGNA are limited. The objective of this study is to clarify the radiological properties of subpleural primary lung cancer which obstruct diagnosis by USGNA.

Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Ether Liposomes for the Inhibition of Prion Formation in Prion-Infected Cells

Prion accumulation in the brain and lymphoreticular system causes fatal neurodegenerative diseases. Our previous study revealed that cellulose ethers (CE) have anti-prion activities in vivo and in prion-infected cells when administered at high doses. This study aims to improve the bioavailability of a representative CE using a liposomal formulation and characterized CE-loaded liposomes in cultured cells. The liposomal formulation reduced the EC₅₀ dose of CE by <1/200-fold in prion-infected cells. Compared to empty liposomes, CE-loaded liposomes were taken up much more highly by prion-infected cells and less by macrophage-like cells. Phosphatidylserine modification reduced the uptake of CE-loaded liposomes in prion-infected cells and did not change the anti-prion activity, whereas increased the uptake in macrophage-like cells. Polyethylene glycol modification reduced the uptake of CE-loaded liposomes in both types of cells and reduced the anti-prion activity in prion-infected cells. These results suggest that a liposomal formulation of CE is more practical than unformulated CE and showed that the CE-loaded liposome uptake levels in prion-infected cells were not associated with anti-prion activity. Although further improvement of the stealth function against phagocytic cells is needed, the liposomal formulation is useful to improve CE efficacy and elucidate the mechanism of CE action.