人胰胆管合流异常胆汁对胆管细胞的影响及其机理探讨

目的研究胰胆管合流异常(APBDU)患者的胆汁对人胆管细胞生长的影响,探讨APBDU与胆管癌发生的关系。方法应用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测APBDU患者胆汁对胆管细胞增殖的影响,流式细胞仪测定其细胞周期分布及凋亡情况;Western blot法检测经APBDU胆汁处理的胆管细胞c-erbB-2蛋白表达水平的变化。结果APBDU患者胆汁与正常对照胆汁比较,能明显促进胆管细胞的增殖(P<0.05),这种促增殖作用可被环氧化酶COX-2抑制剂celecoxib或一氧化氮合成酶抑制剂L-NAME抑制;流式细胞仪分析经APBDU胆汁处理的胆管细胞其处于S期的细胞明显增多(P<0.001);Western blot法检测经APBDU胆汁处理的胆管细胞其c-erbB-2表达增多。结论APBDU患者的胆汁对正常胆管细胞增殖有促进作用,可能潜在致癌活性。     

补肾密骨片结合骨髓移植对桡骨延迟愈合的实验研究

[目的]观察补肾密骨片结合经皮自体骨髓移植对骨折延迟愈合治疗后的骨密度和生物力学性能影响。[方法]预制新西兰大耳白兔骨延迟愈合模型，将75只兔随机分为四组：A组20只，饲料中加入补肾密骨片，骨延迟愈合区注入自体红骨髓2ml；B组20只，饲料中加入补肾密骨片，骨延迟愈合区不注入自体红骨髓；C组20只，饲料中不加补肾密骨片，骨延迟愈合区注入自体红骨髓；D组15只，造成骨延迟愈合模型后，饲料中不加补肾密骨片，骨延迟愈合区不注人自体红骨髓。治疗后12周处死动物取材，行骨密度及生物力学测试。[结果]骨密度及生物力学测试均显示A组骨愈合优于B、C、D组。[结论]补肾密骨片结合经皮自体骨髓移植治疗骨折延迟愈合的骨组织的骨密度及生物力学强度优于单一骨髓移植或中药治疗。     

续断对大鼠骨质疏松性骨折愈合影响的生物力学实验研究

目的:观察续断对大鼠去卵巢骨质疏松性骨折模型骨折愈合中生物力学性能的影响。材料与方法:选取30只4月龄大鼠,分为假手术骨折对照组、去卵巢骨折对照组、去卵巢骨折中药处理组。后两组去卵巢3月造成绝经后骨质疏松模型,之后三组均造成桡骨远端骨折,灌药1月后检测桡骨骨痂生物力学强度。结果:中药处理组最大剪切力17.76±1.25N,剪切应力1.12±0.13N/mm2,生物力学性能与基础骨折对照组相接近,明显优于去卵巢骨折对照组(P<0.01)。结论:续断能改善骨质疏松性骨折愈合骨痂的生物力学性能,具有一定的促进骨折愈合的作用。     

下胫腓联合分离内固定术式的生物力学研究

目的　探讨下胫腓联合分离采用新型内固定术式———下胫腓钩板固定器 (Hook -platefixation ,HPF)的生物力学特性 ,与螺钉、钢板和带钩固定器三种内固定方式比较 ,为临床提供科学依据。方法　采用新鲜成人尸体足标本 6具 ,运用生物力学实验应力分析方法和压敏片技术 ,测量不同内固定术式的远端胫腓骨强度、应变、负重面积、接触应力和足弓承载能力及踝关节稳定性的变化。结果　新型下胫腓钩板固定器内固定术式无论在胫腓骨强度和刚度、负重面积、接触压力、足弓的变形、移位强度和刚度、承载能力以及踝关节的稳定性方面均优于其它三种内固定术式 ,具有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　实验结果表明 ,采用下胫腓钩板固定器 (HPF) ,既有利于提高生物力学性能 ,又有利于改善踝关节的稳定性 ,与传统手术方式相比可减少一次手术 ,避免了断钉等并发症 ,且能有效地提高足部承载能力 ,是下胫腓联合分离内固定的一种优良术式     

Can low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) be used as an alternative to revision surgery for patients with non-unions following fracture fixation?

BackgroundNon-union is a significant complication of fracture fixation surgery, and can negatively impact a patient’s quality of life. Low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been used to treat delayed or non-unions previously in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine the success rate of LIPUS treatment in patients with chronic fracture non-unions, and to establish the effect of systemic or local factors on its success.MethodsThis was a retrospective, observational study which included all patients undergoing LIPUS treatment in a single institution. Patients deemed suitable for LIPUS underwent treatment for a period of 6 months from initiation. They were followed up with sequential radiographs to assess union at intervals of 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. LIPUS treatment was considered to be successful when patients achieved clinical and radiological union, without the need for revision surgery.ResultsA total of 46 patients were included in the study; 8 were lost to follow – up, leaving 38 patients for the final analysis. The mean age of patients was 47.03 ± 19.7 with a male to female ratio of 1.2:1. Union was achieved in 57.89%; the rest underwent revision surgery. There was no significant association between outcomes after LIPUS treatment and patients’ age, gender, smoking status or type of non-union. Patients with a small inter-fragment bone gap were more likely to have a successful outcome after LIPUS (p = 0.041). Time to treatment did not have a statistically significant impact on outcomes after LIPUS. Interestingly, all 6 patients with diabetes in the study managed to achieve union after LIPUS.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that LIPUS is not successful in a large proportion of patients with established fracture non-unions. However, it does represent a low risk treatment modality as an alternative to revision surgery, especially for patients with diabetes who have a small inter – fragment bone gap. More research in the form of large randomised controlled trials needs to be carried out to further assess the role of LIPUS in the treatment of non-unions.     

骨折延迟愈合和骨不连接治疗的进展

本文综述了骨折延迟愈合和骨不连接治疗的进展。文中将治疗延迟愈合和骨不连接的方法分为二类,即非手术治疗和手术治疗。简要介绍了非手术治疗的各种方法、原理以及实验研究和临床应用。手术治疗是通过手术达到骨折断端的牢固固定,同时进行骨移植或不加骨移植。固定分为外固定和内固定,一般都主张加压固定;骨移植分为游离骨移植和带血运的骨移植,后者明显优于前者。     

接骨灵颗粒对家兔骨折愈合期的生物力学研究

目的:观察接骨灵颗粒促骨折愈合的作用.方法:对40只试验兔桡骨造成人工骨折模型,分为5组:对照组、接骨片、接骨灵(H)、接骨灵(M)、接骨灵(L),进行生物力学的拉伸、弯曲和冲击试验,并分别记录拉伸极限荷载、弯曲最大荷载和冲击值.结果:生物力学试验数据表明,接骨灵颗粒对兔桡骨骨折拉伸极限荷载、弯曲最大荷载、冲击值均显著高于对照组.结论:接骨灵颗粒具有良好的促骨折愈合作用.     

药品集中招标采购:公共政策分析与求解

针对我国药品集中招标采购实施过程中的现实困境,文章从利益主体各方力量严重失衡、中介代理机构外部力量失效等角度作出政策分析.在此基础上,作者考量和判断了药品集中招标采购政策的改革形势,并从制度本身的完善、相关制度改革的深化以及政府监管等方面提出对策建议.