Aminotransferases During Treatment Predict Long-Term Survival in Patients With Autoimmune Hepatitis Type 1: A Landmark Analysis

1. Download : Download high-res image (187KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

慢性非特异性溃疡性结肠炎中医研究述评

本文通过对古典医籍及近１０年文献有关慢性非特异性溃疡性结肠炎的资料分析，认为本病的证候特点与中医病名“休息痢”相符，病机归纳为脾虚为发病之本，湿热为致病之标，血瘀为局部病理变化，治疗方面得出了健脾益气化湿、活血化瘀解毒、托疮祛腐生肌等方法是治疗本病之关键的结论，提出分期治疗本病的思想，认为提高近期治愈率、降低复发率及做好癌前监测是今后研究的努力方向。     

剖宫产术后阴道分娩产妇的临床分析

目的探讨剖宫产术后阴道分娩(VBAC)产妇的母儿结局。 方法选择2016年1月1日至2019年12月31日,四川大学华西第二医院收治的VBAC足月妊娠产妇397例为研究对象,纳入研究组。按照1∶1比例,采用随机数字表法随机抽取同期于本院足月经阴道分娩的非瘢痕子宫产妇397例,作为对照,纳入对照组。观察2组产妇年龄、身高、人体质量指数(BMI)、本次分娩距前次分娩间隔时间、分娩时孕龄,第一、第二、第三产程时间,术中出血量、产后出血(PPH)量(2 h)、PPH率、严重PPH率,以及新生儿出生体重与窒息发生率等指标,并采用成组t检验、Wilcoxon秩和检验、χ²检验和Fisher确切概率法对上述指标进行统计学比较。对2016—2019年本院产妇分娩情况进行分析。2组产妇年龄、身高、BMI、分娩时孕龄等一般临床资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年新修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。 结果①2016—2019年,本院剖宫产术分娩率为58.45%～62.37%,剖宫产术后瘢痕子宫(SUAC)患者再次妊娠的剖宫产术分娩率为93.06%～95.83%,平均为94.60%(10 942/11 567),非SUAC患者的剖宫产术分娩率为50.27%(18 586/36 972)。瘢痕子宫患者为13 963例(28.77%),2017年瘢痕子宫患者所占比例最高,为33.74%(3 361/9 961),此后呈下降趋势。②研究组产妇第一、第二产程时间及术中出血量、PPH量(2 h)、PPH率分别为363 min(212～450 min)、46 min(22～60 min)、312 mL(200～350 mL)、348 mL(230～380 mL)、10.8%(43/397),均显著长于、大于、高于对照组的294 min(180～380 min)、15 min(7～20 min)、231 mL(150～280 mL)、264 mL(180～310 mL)、4.3%(17/397),研究组新生儿出生体重为(3 216±359) g,则显著低于对照组的(3 369±369) g,并且差异均有统计学意义(Z＝4.797、16.065、8.028、8.122,χ²＝12.188,t＝-17.013,均为P<0.001)。③SUAC患者再次妊娠的子宫破裂发生率为1.73/10 000(2/11 567),占VBAC者的0.32%(2/625)。 结论VBAC是可行的,子宫破裂发生率低,但是其PPH风险增加。临床对于此类产妇,产程中应做好监护,积极预防PPH。     

Urinaryα 1 as an index of proximal tubular function in early infancy

Urinary ₁-microglobulin (U-A₁M) was measured in healthy term infants on days 1, 4, 7, 14, 28, 90 and 180 of life. U-A₁M was high until day 14 and declined thereafter. It was significantly correlated with urinary ₂-microglobulin (U-B₂M) throughout the study, but not with serum A₁M on days 1 or 7. Similar to U-B₂M, U-A₁M in the clinically stable term infants with intrauterine growth retardation (n=4–7) was not elevated on days 1–7. In the sick infants who needed immediate resuscitatio at birth (n=4–8), U-A₁M as well as U-B₂M was high on days 1–7 and then decreased to normal levels, suggesting that U-A₁M can be used as a sensitive marker of acute proximal tubular damage and its recovery. These observations indicate that U-A₁M is a useful index of proximal tubular function in early infancy.     

米索前列醇用于晚期妊娠引产127例分析

目的 :探讨一种晚期妊娠安全、简便、有效的引产方法。方法 :选择正常单胎头位足月妊娠具有引产指征而无禁忌证的妇女 12 7例 ,随机分为二组 ,米索组用米索前列醇 2 5 μg置于阴道后穹窿 ,催产素组用催产素 2 .5IU加入 5 %葡萄糖 5 0 0ml内静滴。对引产有效率分娩时间和剖宫产率进行了对比观察。结果 :引产有效率 :米索前列醇组明显高于催产素组。 (P <0 .0 5 )分娩时间米索前列醇组和催产素组有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。剖宫产率两组有明显差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :米索前列醇用于晚期妊娠计划分娩安全、简便、有效。     

复方三姐妹片治疗慢性乙型肝炎远期疗效观察

目的：观察复方三姐妹片治疗慢性乙型肝炎远期疗效。方法：用复方三姐妹片治疗慢性乙型肝炎２４例，与用益肝灵治疗的２２例作对照，治疗后随访１年。结果：治疗组治疗结束时和１年后有效率分别为８３３％和９５８％，ＨＢｅＡｇ，ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阴转率分别为５００％，５８３％和５８３％，５８３％，均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜００１）。治疗组治疗结束时ＡＬＴ和Ａ／Ｇ的复常率分别为９１７％和７２７％，１年后则分别为１００％和９５８％，均高于对照组（Ｐ＜００５）。结论：复方三姐妹片为治疗慢性乙型肝炎的有效药物，且远期疗效优于近期疗效。     

足月小样儿的听功能评估

目的　探讨胎儿在母体内营养不良对听觉神经系统发育的影响。方法　对研究组中 19例足月小样儿 (termsmallforgestationalage ,TSGA)和对照组中 2 0例正常体重足月儿母亲的身高、体重、头围、胸围、血红蛋白等方面进行比较 ,再应用丹迪诱发电位仪对出生 3～ 5天的两组新生儿进行听性脑干反应 (auditorybrainstemresponse ,ABR)测试 ,分析ABR的波潜伏期及波间期。结果　研究组中母亲和对照组在血红蛋白含量方面差异有高度显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1) ,而在身高、体重、头围、胸围等方面差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;研究组中新生儿ABR各波潜伏期和波间期均比对照组延长。结论　可以用ABR检测新生儿来反映胎儿在母体内营养不良时对听觉神经系统发育的影响 ,提示注意加强母体的营养     

重度新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的治疗和早期干预依从性与远期预后的影响关系

目的:探讨重度新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的治疗和早期干预依从性与远期预后的影响。方法:将2007年8月～2012年8月入住我院的120例重度新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病患者随机地分为对照组与观察组,对照组(n=64)为出生后24～72h参与就诊的患儿,观察组(n=56)为出生～24h参与就诊的患儿,根据就诊的时间,又可以将其分为如下3个亚组:Ⅰ组(出生～6h)14人,Ⅱ组(出生6～12h)26人,Ⅲ组(出生12～24h)16人。每组患儿均于入住医院之后给予相同的干预治疗,全部患儿均于3、6月龄来我院儿童保健科进行复查一次。采用中国标准化的贝来量表(CDCC)分别测定两组患儿早期干预后智力发育指数(MDI)、运动发育指数(PDI),且对比两组干预治疗后各能区智能发育商得分及脑瘫发生率。结果:(1)3月与6月时,仅Ⅰ组MDI值要明显大于对照组(P<0.01),Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组MDI值与对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组比较,3月与6月时MDI值的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),且Ⅰ组与Ⅲ组比较,差异具有显著的统计学意义(P<0.01),但Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组比较,差异无统计学意义。(2)PDI得分结果同(1)。(3)两组干预治疗后各能区智能发育商得分差异具有显著的统计学意义(P<0.01)。(4)观察组脑瘫发病率为5.36%,远低于对照组(18.75%),二者差异具有显著的统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:早期干预的效果在一定程度上受到治疗时间的影响,即越早治疗,对患儿的远期预后越有利。     

Sexual Intercourse for Induction of Spontaneous Onset of Labor: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

IntroductionSexual intercourse during pregnancy is commonly believed to trigger the onset of contractions and, therefore, labor. However, in low-risk pregnancies, there is neither association with preterm birth, premature rupture of membranes, or low birth weight, nor with spontaneous onset of labor at term.AimTo evaluate the effectiveness of sexual intercourse for spontaneous onset of labor at term in singleton pregnancies.MethodsThe systematic search was conducted using electronic databases from inception of each database to June 2019. Review of articles also included the abstracts of all references retrieved from the search. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials comparing sexual intercourse in singleton low-risk pregnancies at term with controls (either reduced number of coitus or no coitus) for spontaneous onset of labor. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome was the incidence of spontaneous onset of labor. The summary measures were reported as summary relative risk with 95% CI using the random-effects model of DerSimonian and Laird.ResultsData extracted from 3 trials, including 1,483 women with singleton pregnancy at term and cephalic presentation, were analyzed. Women who were randomized in the sexual intercourse group had similar incidence of spontaneous onset of labor compared with control subjects (0.82% vs 0.80%; relative risk 1.02, 95% CI 0.98–1.07).Clinical ImplicationSexual intercourse should not be restricted in low-risk term pregnancies. Further studies are needed to properly evaluate the impact of orgasm, penetration, condom use, frequency of intercourse and other factors on induction of labor at term.Strength & limitationsOur study has several strengths. The three included trials had low risk of allocation bias; intention-to-treat analysis was used; this is the first meta-analysis on this issue so far. Limitations mainly depend on the design of the included studies. Firstly, compliance to the protocol relied on self-reporting by patients; in addition, not all the features of sexual intercourse could be adequately assessed (orgasm, nipple stimulation, sexual positions, etc.).ConclusionIn women with singleton, cephalic, low-risk pregnancies, sexual intercourse at term does not significantly increase the incidence of spontaneous onset of labor.Carbone L, De Vivo V, Saccone G, et al. Sexual Intercourse for Induction of Spontaneous Onset of Labor: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Sex Med 2019;16:1787–1795.