Leading together towards a stronger ‘us’: An experimental test of the effectiveness of the 5R Shared Leadership Program (5RS) in basketball teams

ObjectivesLeadership has been suggested to be a key factor in gaining a competitive advantage as a team, with shared leadership being a better predictor of team functioning than vertical leadership. Although the benefits of shared leadership are well-documented, evidence about how to implement a shared leadership structure remains sparse. This leaves coaches with three key challenges: (1) identifying the best leaders; (2) defining what roles those leaders should fulfill; and (3) developing their leadership skills. Solutions to these challenges have been proposed in the 5R Shared Leadership Program (5R^S) — a leadership development program that seeks to implement an effective structure of shared leadership within sports teams.DesignTo test the effectiveness of 5R^S program, we conducted an experimental-comparison group intervention in which eight national-level basketball teams (N = 96) completed a questionnaire at two points in time (i.e., pre- and posttest). The teams in the intervention condition completed the 5R^S program, in which we identified the leadership structure in their teams (through Shared Leadership Mapping), appointed the best leaders in their leadership role, and then developed their identity leadership skills.ResultsThe results revealed that the 5R^S program was successful in strengthening athlete leaders’ identity leadership skills, and as a result also team members’ identification with their team. Furthermore, in contrast to athletes in the comparison condition, athletes in the 5R^S condition were able to maintain their levels of intrinsic motivation and commitment to team goals, while also reporting improved well-being.ConclusionsThe present study provides encouraging evidence that, by implementing a structure of shared leadership and by promoting athlete leaders’ identity leadership skills, the 5R^S program is able to improve the team’s functioning and the well-being of its members.     

论护士长的管理技巧对团队凝聚力的影响

阐述护士长的自身素质和管理技巧对团队凝聚力的影响及护士长应具备的管理技巧,认为提高护士长的自身素质和管理技巧是充分调动护理人员工作积极性从而提高护理质量的必要条件。     

中文科技期刊封面设计与探索——以《协和医学杂志》为例

【目的】 探索中文科技期刊封面发展的可行途径。【方法】 分析我国科技期刊封面设计现状以及制约中文科技期刊封面发展的瓶颈,并以《协和医学杂志》为例,介绍其封面设计团队的建立和运营经验,展示封面设计在其期刊品牌建设中发挥的作用。【结果】 中文科技期刊在编委人才梯队化建设过程中,通过主动发现和利用青年人才,能够建立稳定的封面设计团队,呈现高水平的封面设计,进而显著提升期刊品牌影响力。【结论】 封面质量建设对提升期刊品牌影响力具有重要作用,紧密结合中文期刊自身发展特点,善于借助可利用的优势资源,是中文科技期刊突破封面发展瓶颈的可行途径。     

多学科协作诊疗助力直肠癌手术质量提升

目的探讨多学科协作诊疗在直肠癌手术中的开展成效。方法将进入多学科协作的患者和未进入多学科协作的患者分别设为观察组和对照组,通过多项指标量化分析直肠癌多学科协作开展成效。结果观察组的术后住院时长短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;术后首次下床时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;手术总费用、检查费、床位费少于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组低位直肠癌手术有效保肛率高于对照组;在术后早期并发症中,观察组病例数少于对照组;在Ⅲ期直肠癌患者术后无进展生存时间上,观察组要高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组在生存量表总分、生理领域、心理领域得分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论多学科协作在直肠癌诊疗中效果明显,能够确保直肠癌患者手术安全,缩短术后住院时长,降低手术费用,并减少术后并发症发生率,提升低位直肠癌有效保肛率,延长Ⅲ期直肠癌患者术后无进展生存时间,改善患者生存质量。     

Interstitial lung diseases in children

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) in children (chILD) is a heterogeneous group of rare respiratory disorders that are mostly chronic and associated with high morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of the various chILD is complex and the diseases share common features of inflammatory and fibrotic changes of the lung parenchyma that impair gas exchanges. The etiologies of chILD are numerous. In this review, we chose to classify them as ILD related to exposure/environment insults, ILD related to systemic and immunological diseases, ILD related to primary lung parenchyma dysfunctions and ILD specific to infancy. A growing part of the etiologic spectrum of chILD is being attributed to molecular defects. Currently, the main genetic mutations associated with chILD are identified in the surfactant genes SFTPA1, SFTPA2, SFTPB, SFTPC, ABCA3 and NKX2-1. Other genetic contributors include mutations in MARS, CSF2RA and CSF2RB in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, and mutations in TMEM173 and COPA in specific auto-inflammatory forms of chILD. However, only few genotype-phenotype correlations could be identified so far. Herein, information is provided about the clinical presentation and the diagnosis approach of chILD. Despite improvements in patient management, the therapeutic strategies are still relying mostly on corticosteroids although specific therapies are emerging. Larger longitudinal cohorts of patients are being gathered through ongoing international collaborations to improve disease knowledge and targeted therapies. Thus, it is expected that children with ILD will be able to reach the adulthood transition in a better condition.