Perugia urodynamic method of analysis (PUMA): a new advanced method of urodynamic analysis applied clinically and compared with other advanced methods.

AIMS: The aim of this study is to compare PUMA curves with different pathologic conditions causing bladder dysfunction in 158 men and 83 women. METHODS: PUMA results in terms of bladder outlet obstruction and detrusor contractility were compared in 92 men with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and p(ves) congruent with p(det) (i.e., p(abd) congruent with 0) with the results of the urodynamics operator's opinion, the provisional International Continence Society method, Abrams and Griffith's diagram, urethral resistence factor (URA), Sch?fer's diagram, and Watt factor. PUMA curves correlated reliably with different pathologic conditions such as obstructive BPH, orthotopic bladder, cystocele, the neurological bladder, and bladder diverticulum. Statistical analysis indicated excellent agreement between PUMA and URA; agreement with other methods was good in cases of obstruction and nonobstruction. In doubtful cases, as diagnosed by standard methods, PUMA agreed only with the Abrams and Griffith's diagram. PUMA and Wmax were in good agreement on detrusor con traction force. Agreement between PUMA and Sch?fer's diagram was excellent for patients with detrusor hypercontractility and good for patients with detrusor hypocontractility and normocontractility. PUMA is the only method applicable to women. It is easy to perform. When integrated with other diagnostic tests, it provides realistic data for diagnosis, medical or surgical therapy, and outcome.     

The dietary intake of homeless males sleeping rough in Central London

Data concerning the food and beverage intake (including alcohol) of 79 males, aged 19–50 years, sleeping rough in Central London, who did not appear to be under the influence of drink, drugs or suffering from mental illness were collected by prompted 24-h recall and food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The source of food was noted and the subjects were asked about food availability and food needs. The group had intakes significantly lower than Dietary Reference Values (DRV) for the UK for energy, carbohydrate, non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), folate, zinc and magnesium. Significantly higher values were seen for protein, fat, vitamin B₁₂, calcium and iron. Alcohol intake was higher than that assumed to approximate current intakes of the UK population. Mean macronutrient intakes for the group were similar to means for British adult men (OPCS, 1990), only protein and NSP were significantly lower. The FFQ showed very low consumption/week of fruit, vegetables, salad, fruit juice and wholewheat/brown products. Organized charities provided the major source of food energy for the group as a whole. Self-supplied sources provided the major source of total energy. It is suggested that the group may benefit from an increase in dietary fibre and energy, with an increase in the proportion of energy supplied by carbohydrate and a reduction in energy from fat and alcohol. A varied supply of food and hot meals during weekends as well as during the week may benefit the group both aesthetically and nutritionally. It may be advisable to increase the supply of wholemeal/brown bread, fruits, vegetables and salad foods without decreasing the energy content of the food available.     

The force-velocity relationship of arm flexion in untrained males and females and arm-trained athletes

Summary The force-velocity curve (FVC) of arm flexion was established in 123 untrained males and 110 untrained females aged from 15 to 36 years, and 48 arm-trained athletes competing in different sport disciplines. The FVC was described by Hill's equation and defined by the parameters: maximal static moment (M₀), maximal angular velocity (₀), maximal power (P₀) and the concavity of the FVC (H). Within the given age range the level of the curve parameters of both untrained men and women was independent of age.On average, H was the same in all three groups. As compared to M₀ of the untrained males, M₀ of the athletes was 33% higher and M₀ of the females was 38% lower; with regard to P₀ these differences were +30% and –43% respectively. ₀ was the same for trained and untrained males, wherease ₀ of the women was 10% lower than ₀ of the men.     

睡眠剥夺对词汇背景记忆的影响

目的:探讨睡眠剥夺对于背景记忆的影响。方法:将32名青年被试随机分为四组,分别为剥夺睡眠21小时、45小时、69小时和正常对照组,每组被试8名。正常对照组在早8:00,进行测试;睡眠剥夺组自第一天早7:00进入实验室开始剥夺睡眠,分别在第2天、第3天和第4天凌晨4:00离开实验室。测试为词汇背景记忆测验,通过按键反应,要求被试首先再认是否为旧词,再判断旧词的颜色。结果:除45小时组和69小时组漏过率外,同一组内背景记忆成绩低于再认(P<0.05);剥夺45小时后,与对照组比再认正确率下降(80.26±7.14/92.60±4.31,F=44.213,P=0.000)、漏过率增加(10.44±3.01/3.60±0.58,F=13.667,P=0.000)、反应时延长(0.71±0.25/0.65±0.16,F=22.315,P=0.000);而SD21后,与对照组比背景记忆正确率下降(62.23±7.71/80.10±8.21,F=31.54,P=0.027)、漏过率增加(9.69±3.11/5.83±2.47,F=3.712,P=0.028)、反应时延长(0.93±0.18/0.89±0.24,F=3.093,P=0.027)。结论:睡眠剥夺后再认和背景记忆成绩下降,并随睡眠剥夺时间的延长成绩下降更加明显;睡眠剥夺对背景记忆的影响更大。     

Deleterious effects of low-dose oestrogen theraphy on coronary status in patients with prostatic cancer

The effects of oestrogen therapy and of orchidectomy on coronarystauts, as reflected by exercise ECG-testing before and afteryear of tretment, were assessed in a randomized study of patients(N=100) prostatic cancer. Oestrogen was given as polyestradiolphosphate 80 mg i.m. per month in combination with 150 µgor in pre-traetment exercise test results Twelve months afterstart of therapy the oestrogen group showed a significantlygreater depression of the ST-segment during maximal exercisein leads CH₂ (P<0.0005) and CH⁵)P<0.01) compared withthe pre-treatment depression. Twenty-five per cent (N=13) ofthe patients in the oestrogen group suffered cardiovascularcomplications during the yera the of therapy, whereas no suchcomplications were observed in the orchidectomy group. However,even the patients in the oestrogen group who had not sufferedcardiovascular complications had significantly greater depressionsof the ST-segment during exercise both in lead CH₂ (P<0.0005)and in CH₅ (P<0.05). There was no significant change in theST-segment level in the orchidectomy group twelve months aftersurgery. In summary, we found of an induction of myocardialishaemia during treatment with exogenous oestrogens at low dosagein patients with prostatic. This deleterious effect of oestrogenon the coronary status argues against oestrogen therapy, sinceoedtrogen has not been shown to be more beneficial than orhidectomyagainst prostatic carcinoma.     

老年男性骨密度与钙调节激素关系的探讨

目的探讨老年男性骨密度与钙调节激素的关系.方法[ HTSS〗用双能X线骨密度仪(DEXA)测定65例老年男性骨密度(BMD).用放免法测定睾酮( T)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、降钙素(CT)、骨钙素(BGP).结果 (1) 随年龄增加,骨质疏松及骨量减少患者逐渐增加;(2) T、CT随年龄增加而逐步减少,PTH逐渐增加,而BGP无明显变化;(3) 骨质疏松及骨量减少组T、CT均显著低于正常组(均P ＜0.001),PTH显著高于正常组(P＜0.001,P＜0.01),BGP在骨质疏松组显著高于正常组(P＜0.001),而骨量减少组则与正常组无差异 (P＞0.05).结论增龄、钙调节激素异常是引致老年男性骨质疏松的重要原因之一.     

The association between metabolic syndrome and lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia in aging males: evidence based on propensity score matching

BackgroundTo investigate the association between lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostate hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in aging Chinese males.MethodsA dataset that included 3,568 non-MetS cases and 1,020 MetS cases (after data cleansing) was downloaded from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). To balance the intergroup covariates, propensity score matching (PSM) was employed in the analyses. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression were then performed to investigate the relationship between LUTS/BPH and MetS in aging Chinese males.ResultsBefore PSM, multivariate logistic regression showed that participants with MetS had a 1.47 times higher risk of LUTS/BPH compared to non-MetS cases in the final model (P<0.001). It also revealed that participants with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), abdominal adiposity, or high triglycerides had a higher probability of LUTS/BPH [odds ratio (OR) =1.56 for low HDL; OR =1.50 for abdominal adiposity; and OR =1.48 for high triglyceride, P<0.001], while participants with hyperglycemia or hypertension had identical odds of LUTS/BPH (P>0.05). After PSM, 1,000 pairs were successfully matched. It was also found that MetS cases had a 1.60 times higher risk of LUTS/BPH compared to non-MetS cases (P<0.001), and participants with low HDL, abdominal adiposity, high triglycerides, or hyperglycemia had a higher likelihood of LUTS/BPH than their counterparts (P<0.001). However, the probability of LUTS/BPH in hypertensive patients remained similar to that in non-hypertensive patients (P>0.05).ConclusionsAging Chinese males with MetS had a higher probability of LUTS/BPH. Also, patients with low HDL, abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, or hyperglycemia had an increased risk of LUTS/BPH; however, this was not the case for hypertensive patients.     

Formaldehyde and cancer morbidity among male employees in Denmark

Formaldehyde, a genotoxic and potent animal carcinogen, is widespread in the working environment as well as in private homes. The risk for cancer morbidity in Denmark during 1970–84 was estimated from standardized proportionate incidence ratios (SPIR) among men whose longest employment had been held since 1964, at least 10 years before diagnosis, in 265 companies in which exposure to formaldehyde was identified. The results do not support the hypothesis that formaldehyde is associated with lung cancer (SPIR=1.0,410 cases). Significantly elevated risks were found for cancers of the colon (SPIR=1.2,166 cases), kidney (SPIR=1.3,60 cases), and sino-nasal cavities (SPIR=2.3,13 cases). For sino-nasal cancer, a relative risk of 3.0 (95 percent confidence interval=1.4–5.7) was found among blue-collar workers with no probable exposure to wood dust, the major confounder. This study provides further evidence that occupational exposure to formaldehyde increases the risk for sino-nasal cancer.     

北京市城区与郊区中老年男性性功能的现状调查

目的:调查并比较北京市城区与郊区中老年男性勃起功能障碍(ED)、性欲低下和射精障碍的患病情况。方法:采用分层多阶段整群不等比例随机抽样方法选择北京市15个社区1 656例年龄≥50岁男性作为调查对象,分别记录国际勃起功能问卷(IIEF-5)评分及男性性功能问卷(O'Leary 1995),应用SPSS 17.0对结果进行统计学分析。结果:符合标准的调查对象共1 644例,城区1 244例,郊区400例。IIEF-5评分、性欲评分和射精评分的中值,城区为5、2和4,郊区为13、2和5,城区与郊区间相比的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。城区与郊区间IIEF-5评分的差异与年龄、糖尿病和心脑血管疾病的患病情况、是否饮酒和服用5α还原酶抑制剂相关(P<0.01)。结论:郊区中老年男性性功能优于城区。郊区中老年男性的总体年龄小、心脑血管疾病和糖尿病的患病率低,以及较少应用5α还原酶抑制剂和适量的饮酒可能是造成勃起功能优于城区的原因。