An Analysis of Chromosome on Sterility Caused by Azoospermia or Oligospermia

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妊娠妇女血清总胆汁酸及肝功能的检测

目的探讨孕妇血清总胆汁酸(TBA)水平变化规律,以减少妊娠并发症,保证胎儿正常发育。方法采用日立7150型全自动生化分析仪对322例不同孕期的妇女及非孕妇女进行血清TBA及常规肝功能项目对照检查。结果孕妇血清TBA、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总胆红素(TBIL)、总蛋白(TP)及白蛋白(ALB)与对照组比较有差异性,但大多数仍在正常范围内;妊娠期肝内胆汁瘀积症(ICP)及中高度妊高征孕妇血清TBA显著增高。结论孕妇血清TBA随妊娠时间增加而升高,它是ICP及妊高征肝损害早期诊断的一个敏感指标,因此孕妇血清RBA测定应作为一个常规检测项目。     

在Phen-Cu-Vc系统中肌肽对DNA损伤的作用

采用TBA法在脱氧核糖水平上研究了肌肽对Phen -CuSO4-Vc系统引起的DNA损伤的作用 ,并对其作用机理作了初步探讨。同时设甘露醇、苯甲酸钠、二甲基亚砜作对照 ,发现肌肽对DNA损伤的保护作用明显优于甘露醇、苯甲酸钠、二甲基亚砜     

Dermal, oral, and inhalation pharmacokinetics of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) in human volunteers.

Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), a gasoline additive used to increase octane and reduce carbon monoxide emissions and ozone precursors, has contaminated drinking water and can lead to exposure by oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. To determine its dermal, oral, and inhalation kinetics, 14 volunteers were exposed to 51.3 microg/ml MTBE dermally in tap water for 1 h, drank 2.8 mg MTBE in 250 ml Gatorade(R), and inhaled 3.1 ppm. MTBE for 1 h. Blood and exhaled breath samples were then obtained. Blood MTBE peaked between 15 and 30 min following oral exposure, at the end of inhalation exposure, and ~5 min after dermal exposure. Elimination by each route was described well by a three-compartment model (Rsq >0.9). The Akaike Information Criterion for the three-compartment model was smaller than the two-compartment model, supporting it over the two-compartment model. One metabolite, tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA), measured in blood slowly increased and plateaued, but it did not return to the pre-exposure baseline at the 24-h follow-up. TBA is very water-soluble and has a blood:air partition ratio of 462, reducing elimination by exhalation. Oral exposure resulted in a significantly greater MTBE metabolism into TBA than by other routes based on a greater blood TBA:MTBE AUC ratio, implying significant first-pass metabolism. The slower TBA elimination may make it a better biomarker of MTBE exposure, though one must consider the exposure route when estimating MTBE exposure from TBA because of first-pass metabolism. Most subjects had a baseline blood TBA of 1-3 ppb. Because TBA is found in consumer products and can be used as a fuel additive, it is not a definitive marker of MTBE exposure. These data provide the risk assessment process of pharmacokinetic information relevant to the media through which most exposures occur-air and drinking water.     

Orexin A decreases lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in a novel hypothalamic cell model

Current data support the idea that hypothalamic neuropeptide orexin A (OxA; hypocretin 1) mediates resistance to high fat diet-induced obesity. We previously demonstrated that OxA elevates spontaneous physical activity (SPA), that rodents with high SPA have higher endogenous orexin sensitivity, and that OxA-induced SPA contributes to obesity resistance in rodents. Recent reports show that OxA can confer neuroprotection against ischemic damage, and may decrease lipid peroxidation. This is noteworthy as independent lines of evidence indicate that diets high in saturated fats can decrease SPA, increase hypothalamic apoptosis, and lead to obesity. Together data suggest OxA may protect against obesity both by inducing SPA and by modulation of anti-apoptotic mechanisms. While OxA effects on SPA are well characterized, little is known about the short- and long-term effects of hypothalamic OxA signaling on intracellular neuronal metabolic status, or the physiological relevance of such signaling to SPA. To address this issue, we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of OxA in a novel immortalized primary embryonic rat hypothalamic cell line. We demonstrate for the first time that OxA increases cell viability during hydrogen peroxide challenge, decreases hydrogen peroxide-induced lipid peroxidative stress, and decreases caspase 3/7 induced apoptosis in an in vitro hypothalamic model. Our data support the hypothesis that OxA may promote obesity resistance both by increasing SPA, and by influencing survival of OxA-responsive hypothalamic neurons. Further identification of the individual mediators of the anti-apoptotic and peroxidative effects of OxA on target neurons could lead to therapies designed to maintain elevated SPA and increase obesity resistance.     

血清学检测对妊娠合并肝内胆汁淤积症病人病情严重程度的评估价值

探讨血中总胆汁酸(TBA),血清抑制素A(INH-A)及可溶性细胞间黏附因子-1(sICAM-1)水平对妊娠合并肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)病人病情严重程度的评估价值,选取本院100例ICP患者作为观察组,50例健康体检者作为对照组。结果显示,与对照组比较,观察组患者TBA,INH-A,sICAM-1显著增高,其中,重度组显著高于轻度组;联合TBA、INH-A、sICAM-1检测对诊断ICP病情程度进行诊断的敏感度、特异度及AUC均高于各指标单独诊断(P<0.05)。结果提示,TBA、INH-A、sICAM-1联合检测可作为评估ICP患者病情严重程度的重要指标。     

Inhibitory effects of Geijigajakyak-Tang on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis

Aim of the study

Water extract of Geijigajakyak-Tang (GJT) consisting of five crude drugs [dried root of P. lactiflora Peony (Paeoniaceae), dried trunk bark of C. cassia Blume (Lauraceae), seed of Z. jujube var. inermis Mill (Rhamnaceae), fresh root of Z. officinale Rocoe (Zingiberaceae) and dried trunk bark of G. uralensis Fish (Leguminosae)] is a folk medicine used for the treatment of chronic colitis. This study was designed to further elucidate the effect of GJT on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats.

Materials and methods

GJT orally given to mice before and after TNBS intoxication, and their clinical and morphological changes, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in colon tissues, were evaluated on Day 8 post-TNBS. Furthermore, the effect of six major constituents of individual herbs on ileum smooth muscle contraction and neutrophil chemotaxis was studied.

Results

GJT had a significant anti-inflammatory effect based on clinical and morphologic changes, MPO activity and MDA levels in colon tissues as compared with sham control. GJT and 5 major active constituents of individual herbs, paeoniflorin, cinnamaldehyde, jujuboside A, jujubogenin, and diammonium glycyrhhizinate significantly inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis. GJT significantly inhibited muscle contraction (IC₅₀; 2.10 ± 0.11 mg/ml), and 1,8-cineol has the most spasmolytic activity (IC₅₀; 0.10 ± 0.03 mg/ml).

Conclusion

GJT has significant anti-inflammatory effects on TNBS-induced colitis via inhibitions of smooth muscle contraction and neutrophil chemotaxis.     

Protective effects of Terminalia arjuna against Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity

Terminalia arjuna has been marked as a potential cardioprotective agent since vedic period. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of butanolic fraction of Terminalia arjuna bark (TA-05) on Doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiotoxicity. Male wistar rats were used as in vivo model for the study. TA-05 was administered orally to Wistar rats at different doses (0.42 mg/kg, 0.85 mg/kg, 1.7 mg/kg, 3.4 mg/kg and 6.8 mg/kg) for 6 days/week for 4 weeks. Thereafter, all the animals except saline and TA-05-treated controls were administered 20 mg/kg Dox intraperitonially. There was a significant decrease in myocardial superoxide dismutase (38.94%) and reduced glutathione (23.84%) in animals treated with Dox. Concurrently marked increase in serum creatine kinase-MB (CKMB) activity (48.11%) as well as increase in extent of lipid peroxidation (2.55-fold) was reported. Co-treatment of TA-05 and Dox resulted in an increase in the cardiac antioxidant enzymes, decrease in serum CKMB levels and reduction in lipid peroxidation as compared to Dox-treated animals. Electron microscopic studies in Dox-treated animals revealed mitochondrial swelling, Z-band disarray, focal dilatation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and lipid inclusions, whereas the concurrent administration of TA-05 led to a lesser degree of Dox-induced histological alterations. These findings suggest that butanolic fraction of Terminalia arjuna bark has protective effects against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity and may have potential as a cardioprotective agent.     

The changes of antioxidant defense system caused by quercetin administration do not lead to DNA damage and apoptosis in the spleen and bone marrow cells of rats.

Quercetin may have the opposite effect, namely anti- as well as pro-oxidant. The aim of this study was to assess the results of quercetin anti- and/or pro-oxidant activity in the bone marrow and spleen cells of rats. The experimental rats were treated daily, with quercetin in a dose of 8 or 80mg/kg b.w. by gavage for 40 days. The intracellular redox state in cells were assessed by measuring the ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) level and malonodialdehyde concentration. HO-1 mRNA expression was examined with real-time PCR. The extent of DNA damage was determined by the alkaline-labile comet assay. A potential pro-apoptotic quercetin action was determined using the FITC-Annexin V kit. The quercetin and isorhamnetin concentrations in serum were analyzed by HPLC-ECD. MDA concentration and FRAP values, were significantly decreased in the spleen and bone marrow cells of rats treated with quercetin, in a dose of 80mg/kg b.w. in comparison with the control rats; no significant changes were observed after quercetin was administered in a dose ten times as low. Treatment with quercetin dose-dependently upregulated the expression of HO-1 mRNA in the bone marrow cells. Quercetin administration to the rats did not induce either DNA damage or apoptosis in the examined cells. The results of our study prove that changes in the antioxidant state, caused by quercetin, do not lead to DNA damage or exert any pro-apoptotic activity in vivo.