高原紫外线辐射对执勤官兵皮肤损伤的调查

目的 探讨高原紫外线对人体皮肤的影响及皮损的临床表现。方法 由专业人员在海拔3700 ~ 4786 m武警部队执勤官兵中随机调查1286例，详细记录官兵一般情况、高原入伍时间、累积日照时数及皮肤损伤情况，依据标准做出疾病分类分度诊断，最后进行统计学分析。结果 1286例执勤官兵，皮肤损伤率高达67.5%，其中晒黑798例，占调查对象的62.05%；光老化240例，占18.66%；多形性日光疹176例，占13.69%；晒伤171例，占13.30%。有213例合并2种皮肤损伤，152例合并3种皮肤损伤。晒黑、多形性日光疹和光老化患病率随着执勤官兵高原入伍时间延长而增高，随着累积日照时数增多而增高；晒伤多发生于初上高原的新兵，患病率则随着高原入伍时间延长而降低，随着累积日照时数增多而降低。结论 高原紫外线辐射对执勤官兵皮肤损伤极其严重，亟待寻找有效的防治方法。     

中医临床技术、管理方法与疗效评价研究简况

中医特色临床诊疗技术整理和研究形成由专家委员会和数据管理中心对重点环节监控、技术持有者和单位作为主体组织临床验证和推广的研究管理模式,达到提高第三方验证的科学性、客观性和研究水平和管理效率的目的,初步形成了中医临床诊疗技术遴选、评价和管理的工作程序包括诊疗技术作用机理、推广形成机制、日常诊疗方法(足浴、贴敷与热熨、刮痧、拨罐、施炙)、康复阶段中医调理、等。临床疗效评价存在诸多不足,正确评价临床疗效关键环节是建立中医干预措施有效性和应用科学方法检验的假说,注意把握中医理论与临床治疗基本特点,采用现代临床研究科学方法。     

Are TRPA1 and TRPV1 channel-mediated signalling cascades involved in UVB radiation-induced sunburn?

Burn injuries are underappreciated injuries associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation has dramatic clinical effects in humans and is a significant public health concern. Although the mechanisms underlying UVB exposure are not fully understood, many studies have made substantial progress in the pathophysiology of sunburn in terms of its molecular aspects in the last few years. It is well established that the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), and vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels modulate the inflammatory, oxidative, and proliferative processes underlying UVB radiation exposure. However, it is still unknown which mechanisms underlying TRPV1/A1 channel activation are elicited in sunburn induced by UVB radiation. Therefore, in this review, we give an overview of the TRPV1/A1 channel-mediated signalling cascades that may be involved in the pathophysiology of sunburn induced by UVB radiation. These data will undoubtedly help to explain the various features of sunburn and contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to better treat it.     

Sun Burn Incidence and Knowledge of Greek Elementary and High School Children about Sun Protection

Introduction: Overexposure to sun radiation and particularly its accumulation during childhood andadolescence is a significant risk factor for skin cancer development. The sun burn is particularly important. Aim:To estimate sun burn incidence in young pupils in a coastal area of Greece. Materials and Methods: Two surveyswere conducted in a school population in the same district in Greece, over different periods of time, in youngpeople 9 to 18 years old (n=2 977). Anonymous questionnaires were completed. Levels of significance were twotailedand statistical significance was set at p=0.05. SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results:From the individual characteristics of the participants it was shown that the majority of them had dark hairand fair skin, whereas a significant percentage reported the existence of moles on face and their body (83.4% vs68.1%). The sun burn incidence was high in adolescents and the younger pupils (41.9% vs 55.6%). The youngeraged children who were living in an urban area had significantly higher rates of sun burn than those living insemi-urban areas (33.8% vs 24.8%, p=0.020). As far as the knowledge of pupils about the risks of sun radiationit was shown that the elementary school pupils had better knowledge than those at high school. Finally, thosewith better knowledge had the fewer sun burns (Mean 2.83 SD 0.87, p<0.001). Conclusions: The contributionof knowledge to the decrease of sun burn incidence is important as long as this is continuous. Therefore, theeducation should concern not only children but also teachers and parents in the context of continuous andsystematic programs of health education.     

"Self and parent-assessed skin cancer risk factors in school-age children"

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sunburn, sun sensitivity factors and sun protection behavior in school-age children. METHODS: 2002 to 2004 survey of 2942 children in primary schools of Valencia, Spain, and their parents, using a self-administered questionnaire filled by the children with the help of their parents. RESULTS: Having a fair skin (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.38-3.04), light coloured eyes (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.12-1.68), freckles (OR: 1.32; 95% CI:1.12-1.56), and older age (OR: 2.34; 95% CI:1.96-2.80) were associated with occurrence of sunburns. Hair color, gender, use of sunscreens, wearing T-shirts and sunglasses were not. Wearing hats (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.54-0.75) was inversely associated. Parents were significantly more inclined to protect younger and fair-skinned children with sunscreen and T-shirts. CONCLUSIONS: As expected, phenotype is related to sunburns and appears to influence parent's sun protection behaviours.     

Decreased DNA repair activity in sunburn cells

Summary The pathogenesis of the formation of sunburn cells is unknown. Based on autoradiographic methods the unscheduled DNA repair synthesis of UV-induced thymin dimers was investigated in vivo in sunburn cells and in irradiated but histologically normal stratum spinosum cells. The results show a significant lower number of sparsly labeled cells in the sunburn cell-population (13.2±2.5; mean) when compared to the population of normal stratum spinosum cells (57.8±7.5; mean). These data indicate that the population of those epidermal cells, which become manifest as sunburn cells 24 h after UV exposure exhibit a reduced DNA repair of UV induced thymine dimers immediately after UV irradiation. Nuclear factors thus seem to play at least some role in the origin of sunburn cells.Presented, in part, at the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Dermatologische Forschung in Frankfurt 1978     

Topical transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 antagonist treatment attenuates nociception and inflammation in an ultraviolet B radiation-induced burn model in mice

BackgroundUltraviolet B (UVB) radiation exposure promotes sunburn and thereby acute and chronic inflammatory processes, contributing to pain development and maintenance. New therapeutic alternatives are necessary because typical treatments can cause adverse effects. An attractive alternative would be to target the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a calcium-permeable, non-selective cation channel, which is involved in a variety of inflammatory pain models.ObjectiveEvaluate the peripheral participation of TRPA1 using a topical treatment (HC030031 gel formulation; a selective TRPA1 antagonist) in nociception and inflammation caused by a UVB radiation-induced burn model in male mice (25–30 g).MethodsThe mice were anaesthetised, and just the right hind paw was exposed to UVB radiation (0.75 J/cm²). Topical treatments were applied immediately after irradiation and once a day for 8 days.ResultsHC030031 gel presented suitable pH and spreadability factor, ensuring its quality and the therapeutic effect. HC030031 0.05 % reversed UVB-induced mechanical and cold allodynia, with maximum inhibition (I_max) of 69 ± 13 % and 100 % (on day 4), respectively. HC030031 0.05 % also reduced the paw edema and MPO activity, with I_max of 77 ± 6 % (on day 5) and 69 ± 28 %, respectively. Likewise, UVB radiation increased the H₂O₂ levels (a TRPA1 agonist) and the Ca²⁺ influx in mice spinal cord synaptosomes. UVB radiation-induced Ca²⁺ influx was reduced by HC030031.ConclusionThese findings confirm the activation of the TRPA1 channel by UVB radiation, suggesting that topical TRPA1 antagonists can be a new strategy for the adjuvant treatment of sunburn-associated pain and inflammation.