蒙脱石散对盐酸左氧氟沙星体外吸附的影响

目的: 探讨蒙脱石散对盐酸左氧氟沙星体外吸附的影响.方法: 采用不同剂量的盐酸左氧氟沙星分别与3 g蒙脱石散混合,加入0.1 mol·L-1盐酸溶液中,在(37±0.5)℃水浴中恒温2 h后过滤,用紫外分光光度法测定盐酸左氧氟沙星的含量变化.结果: 蒙脱石散对盐酸左氧氟沙星的吸附率为(98.37±0.03)%.结论: 蒙脱石散对盐酸左氧氟沙星有极强吸附,因此应避免两种药物同时服用.     

利用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定土壤中铬的含量

目的：建立土壤中铬含量的石墨炉原子吸收分光光度测定法.方法：试样经酸消解后,注入原子吸收分光光度计石墨炉中,电热原子化后吸收357.9 nm共振线,在一定浓度范围其吸收值与铬含量成正比,与标准系列比较定量.结果：线性范围为0～20ng/mL,回收率为98％～102％,检出限为0.26ng/mL,相对标准偏差RSD为4.6％.结论：该试验方法具有操作简单,技术条件便于掌握,消解彻底,结果重复性好等优点,可用作土壤中铬含量的测定.     

中药标准组分的高效液相色谱/质谱联用(HPLC/MS)表征

高效液相色谱／质谱联用表征是化学表征的重要内容，本文通过高效液相色谱／质谱联用方法系统表征中药标准组分，采用了电喷雾电离源（ESI）、大气压化学电离源（APCI）的正负离子扫描模式，荻取标准组分在统一分析条件下，不同表征模式中化合物的光谱、质谱信息。通过对不同标准组分中大量表征数据的比对和分析可发现和归纳色谱、质谱规律，用于不同药材的成分差异性研究，以及由系统制备得到的同种药材不同层次标准组分中成分与含量的变化，为制备成分的确定和高效制备条件及参数的优化提供基础。建立包含分析方法的标准组分色谱质谱数据库，结合色谱、质谱规律，实现已知化合物的搜索匹配与自动质谱解析；预测和发现结构类似的未知化合物，提高研究效率，加强中药物质基础研究的系统性和深入性。     

“毒胶囊”中铬的快速准确测定

目的:完善检测方法,更准确快速有效地控制明胶空心胶囊及制剂中铬的含量。方法:采用石墨炉原子吸收法。以铬国家标准溶液为基准,用微波消解仪消解样品;测定条件为铬空心阴极灯,波长357.9nm,石墨炉原子化器,保护气为氩气,氘灯背景为校正系统。结果:铬检测浓度线性范围为1～20ng.mL-1(r=0.9998),平均回收率为100.9%～101.2%。结论:该方法准确可靠,可用于应急检验中大批量空心胶囊及胶囊制剂中铬含量的测定。     

含银医疗器械质量检验中的几点建议

含银医疗器械因没有相应的国家标准和行业标准可依，企业注册质量标准技术要求不统一，给市场监管带来不便。本文对目前含银医疗器械质量检验过程中出现的问题进行了分析，并对质量技术要求及银含量检测方法提出了相应的建议。     

Position-Sensitive Bulk and Surface Element Analysis of Decorated Porcelain Artifacts

Non-destructive characterization of decorated porcelain artifacts requires the joint use of surface-analytical methods for the decorative surface pattern and methods of high penetration depth for bulk-representative chemical composition. In this research, we used position-sensitive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF) and Prompt-gamma activation analysis (PGAA) for these purposes, assisted by 3D structured-light optical scanning and dual-energy X-ray radiography. The proper combination of the near-surface and bulk element composition data can shed light on raw material use and manufacturing technology of ceramics.     

Tailoring antimicrobials in febrile neutropenia: using faster diagnostic and communication tools to improve treatment in the era of extensively resistant pathogens

Febrile Neutropenia represents a medical emergency and the use of appropriate antimicrobial therapy is essential for a better outcome. Although being time-consuming, conventional cultures and antimicrobial susceptibility tests remain the golden standard practices for microbiology identification. Final reports are typically available within several days. Faster diagnostic tools, such as species identification trough Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) and molecular techniques might help to shorten time to diagnostic and also guide definitive therapy in this scenario. Here we present a case in which the use of a diagnostic molecular workflow combining MALDI-TOF and real-time PCR for relevant genes codifying antibiotic resistant integrated with instant communication report, led to a tailored and more appropriate treatment in a patient presenting with febrile neutropenia.     

3-chlorotyrosine in Sputum of COPD Patients: Relationship with Airway Inflammation

ABSTRACT

The airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with increased numbers of inflammatory cells, in particular neutrophils and macrophages. Contained within the primary granules of neutrophils is the heme enzyme called myeloperoxidase (MPO) that has been used as a biomarker of neutrophilic inflammation in COPD and other inflammatory diseases. MPO is the only enzyme in the body that produces hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which effectively chlorinates tyrosine residues in proteins. The presence of 3-chlorotyrosine (3Cl-Tyr) in sputum of COPD patients has yet to be established. Spontaneously produced sputum was collected from 14 stable COPD patients, and ultra-centrifuged to prepare sol phase samples for analysis. Sputum 3Cl-Tyr levels were measured using Mass Spectrometry (LC-MSMS). Sputum MPO activity was measured using a standard chromogenic substrate assay. The Spearman rank correlation was used to analyse the data. We report for the first time the measurement of 3Cl-Tyr in sputum from stable COPD patients. The sputum levels of 3Cl-Tyr correlated well with sputum MPO activity (r = 0.88; p < 0.0001). The presence of 3Cl-Tyr in the sputum of stable COPD patients suggests an active process related to MPO that may play a role in the pathophysiology of this disease.     

Determination of dead-layer variation in HPGe detectors

The dead-layer uniformity of the top surface of two high purity germanium detectors has been studied using a novel automated scanning set-up that allows a fine-grained topography of a detector's top and lateral surfaces. Comparisons between measurements and Monte Carlo simulations allowed implementation of a dead-layer variation into the detector model, which reproduces the measurements results. The effect of the non-uniform dead-layer on activity determinations based on low-energy γ-rays (i.e. below ~100 keV) has been determined to be of the order of 10% or more.     

The current status of heart failure diagnostic biomarkers

Heart failure (HF) affects approximately 23 million individuals worldwide and this number is increasing, due to an aging and growing population. Early detection of HF is crucial in the management of this debilitating disease. Current diagnostic methods for HF rely heavily on clinical imaging techniques and blood analysis, which makes them less than ideal for population-based screening purposes. Studies focusing on developing novel biomarkers for HF have utilized various techniques and biological fluids, including urine and saliva. Promising results from these studies imply that these body fluids can be used in evaluating the clinical manifestation of HF and will one day be integrated into a clinical workflow and facilitate HF management.