Bacteriostasis evaluation of the different soaking solutions in perineal skin preparation before the male urethral open operation: a randomized controlled trial

Perineal soaking is of crucial importance for skin preparation before the male urethral open operation; however, soaking solutions vary across the world. The aim of this research was to explore the bacteriostasis efficacy of the different soaking solutions in perineal skin preparation before the operation. Thirty‐six patients were randomly divided into three groups. In Group A, 0·1% povidone iodine was used to soak the 12 patients' perineum to reduce the bacterial load of the skin preparation before the operation. Similarly, combination of 0·1% povidone iodine and 1·6% saline for Group B and 1·6% saline for Group C was used. Bacteria samples were collected in four sites of the patients' perineum, before soaking, 1 d after soaking and 2 d after soaking, respectively. No serious adverse reactions were observed. There was a significant lower bacteria load in Group C after soaking (P = 0·032). For penoscrotal junction, there were significant lower bacteria loads after soaking in both Group A and Group B compared with Group C (P = 0·009), and there was significant lower bacteria load after soaking in Group A (P = 0·001) and Group B (P = 0·017). Similar with penoscrotal junction, bacteria load at the bottom of the scrotum decreased significantly in Group A (P = 0·001) and Group B (P = 0·002) and there were significant lower bacteria loads after soaking in both Group A and Group B compared with Group C (P = 0·041). In the middle of the penis, still, there were significant lower bacteria loads after soaking in both Group A and Group B compared with Group C (P = 0·019), and there was significant lower bacteria load after soaking in Group A (P = 0·012) and Group B (P = 0·006). In conclusion, combination of 0·1% povidone iodine and 1·6% saline solution for the preoperative skin preparation of male open urethral operation is safe and efficient.     

灭螺药筛选与杀螺效果实验观察研究

目的 寻找和筛选新的高效、低毒又使用方便的杀螺剂,为现场防治提供新的杀螺措施.方法 采集10种除草类药样,分别采用“浸泡法、喷洒法和撒粉法”进行室内杀螺试验,同时以清水作空白对照.结果 通过初筛和复筛杀螺实验观察,其中浸泡法中显示一定杀螺效果的有A-004、B-008和B-009 3种药样,其24h、48h和72h的LC50分别为5.991 mg/L、1.598 mg/L和1.699mg/L;5.449 mg/L、2.728 mg/L和2.257mg/L; 5.870 mg/L、3.787 mg/L和1.876mg/L;在喷洒法中显示杀螺效果较好的为B-009药样,其3d、7d和15d的LC50为4.949 g/m2、2.415 g/m2和1.701mg/L;而在撒粉法实验中显示较好杀螺效果的A-001和A-002 2种药样,其3d、7d和15d的LC50为分别为7.112 g/m2、2.498 g/m2和2.020g/m2;4.717 g/m2、1.579 g/m2和1.093 g/m2.结论 10种除草类药样在各灭螺方法中均显示了一定的灭螺活性,但在浸泡和喷洒法中,各药样4.0mg/L(g/m2)及以下浓度和剂量的杀螺效果并不理想,其杀螺率一般或较低,而A-001和A-002 2种药样则在撒粉法中显示了较好的杀螺效果,故值得进一步研制和探索.     

不同规格不同浸泡时间鸡血藤水煎物含量研究

目的：探讨不同切制规格及不同浸泡时间对鸡血藤饮片水煎物含量的影响.方法：选取4mm厚的鸡血藤厚片、2mm的鸡血藤薄片、2～4mm厚的鸡血藤碎块、2～3mm厚的鸡血藤细丝四组中药材,每组各3份,分别浸泡0.5h、1h、1.5h,采用水煎法处理后测定4种不同规格鸡血藤饮片浸泡不同时间的水煎物含量.结果：鸡血藤水煎物含量以2～3mm厚的鸡血藤细丝为最高,浸泡0.5h后煎煮可达8.01％.结论：鸡血藤加工时应切成2～3mm厚的细丝,可缩短浸泡时间,提高水煎物含量.     

A comparative study for the isolation of exogenous trace DNA from fingernails

Often fingernails from a victim or suspect involved in a physical assault, such as murder or sexual assault, are submitted to crime laboratories for DNA testing of foreign/exogenous biological material; however, very few studies have been conducted comparing the effectiveness of different sampling methods on the removal of foreign/exogenous DNA while minimizing the fingernail endogenous DNA. In this study three different sampling methods (swabbing, PBS soak, and PrepFiler® lysis buffer soak) were compared in order to identify one that minimizes the amount of endogenous DNA removed and maximizes the amount of foreign/exogenous male DNA removed. The samples were processed using the Tecan HIDEVO150 robot in order to reduce analyst time and the DNA mixtures were interpreted using the probabilistic genotyping software STRmix™. For each sampling method the quantity of male DNA, the mixture proportions, the number of foreign/exogenous male alleles detected, the amount of DNA degradation, and the discrimination power via the likelihood ratio obtained for the foreign/exogenous male DNA donor were determined and compared. The PrepFiler® lysis buffer soak and swabbing sampling methods appear to be equally effective at removing foreign/exogenous DNA from fingernails; however, the lysis buffer soak sampling method extracts more female endogenous DNA from the fingernail and the female DNA is degraded. Marginally higher likelihood ratios were obtained for the swab samples versus the PrepFiler® lysis buffer soak samples; therefore, it was determined that the swabbing sampling method was the best sampling method for the recovery of foreign exogenous DNA from fingernails while minimizing the amount of endogenous DNA removed.     

清肝袋泡剂治疗高催乳素血症临床与实验研究

目的：进一步观察清肝袋泡剂对高催乳素血症（ＨＰＲＬ）患者的临床疗效,探讨其作用机制。方法：随机将患者分为治疗组１２０例（清肝袋泡剂）,对照组４０例（溴隐亭）。观察血中催乳素（ＰＲＬ）和相关激素水平及症状变化情况,进行疗效对比。同时通过动物实验对内分泌水平及卵巢、子宫、乳腺的组织形态变化进行同步观察。结果：清肝袋泡剂可显著降低患者血清ＰＲＬ水平,对相关激素有良性调节作用,临床疗效良好,与对照组比较无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）;动物实验证明能促进卵泡发育,使子宫内膜出现各动情周期的变化,抑制乳腺腺体增生。结论：清肝袋泡剂可有效治疗ＨＰＲＬ。     

加减桂枝汤泡洗对缺血性中风病（中经络）急性期偏瘫患者的影响研究

背景　为减少中风病致残程度，其急性期综合康复越来越受重视。中药泡洗改善中风病后遗症状已受到临床肯定，但关于其在中风病急性期应用的研究报道较少。目的　探讨加减桂枝汤泡洗对缺血性中风病（中经络）急性期偏瘫患者的影响。方法　选取2017年3月-2018年5月在海南省中医院住院的缺血性中风病（中经络）急性期偏瘫患者116例为研究对象，随机分为对照组55例和观察组58例。两组患者均采用急性脑梗死规范治疗方案，观察组患者在此基础上配合加减桂枝汤泡洗14 d。比较两组患者治疗90 d内肢体肿胀发生率，治疗前及治疗14、90 d美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分，治疗前及治疗90 d后白介素4（IL-4），白介素6（IL-6）及超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平。结果　对照组患者治疗90 d内肢体肿胀发生率为14.5%，高于观察组患者的1.7%（P<0.05）。治疗前两组患者NIHSS评分比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；治疗14、90 d后两组患者NIHSS评分均低于治疗前，且观察组NIHSS评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗前两组患者IL-4、IL-6及hs-CRP水平比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；治疗90 d后两组患者IL-4、IL-6及hs-CRP水平均低于治疗前，且观察组IL-4、IL-6及hs-CRP水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患者治疗期间均未出现严重不良反应。结论　加减桂枝汤泡洗可有效促进缺血性中风病（中经络）急性期偏瘫患者神经功能恢复，降低炎性因子如IL-4、IL-6、及hs-CRP水平，减少肢体肿胀的发生且较安全。     

热休克预处理预防跟腱末端病实验性研究

目的揭示热休克预处理方式对跟腱末端病的预防性作用。方法本实验采用了44只体重均为100g左右的SD雄性大鼠,随机分为对照组7只,造模组22只,预处理组15只。预处理组的大鼠先用42℃的热水温浴双足15min,再与造模组的大鼠一起用“电击跳跃法”进行持续造模12周。结果从4周开始,造模组大鼠的最大跳跃高度和有效跳跃次数明显降低。预处理组大鼠的最大跳跃高度和有效跳跃次数在整个造模过程中无明显变化。结论热休克预处理能有效地预防跟腱末端区病理性变化的发生。运动员在训练前用热水温浴双足可以有效地预防跟腱末端病。     

清洗浸泡对虾皮亚硝酸盐含量的影响

目的了解不同清洗方式对虾皮中亚硝酸盐含量的影响。方法采用国标GB/5009.33-2010分光光度法,检测用去离子水和自来水清洗浸泡不同时间后虾皮中亚硝酸盐的含量。结果用去离子水及自来水浸泡虾皮0～30 min,随着浸泡时间的延长,均可使虾皮中亚硝酸盐含量显著降低(P0.01),之后浸泡40～90 min虽均可使亚硝酸盐含量有所波动,但相邻2组间差异亦无统计学意义。结论为了尽量减低虾皮中亚硝酸盐的含量,在烹饪之前最好应先浸泡再清洗,推荐浸泡30 min,再清洗2遍。     

Optimal control of temperature and fuel consumption for soaking pits in a steel plant—a distributed parameter approach

An optimal control theory for a class of non-linear distributed parameter control systems in the general setting involving more than one spatial co-ordinate is developed for use on control of a typical soaking pit in a steel industry. The system is described by a set of non-linear partial differential equations in multidimensional spatial co-ordinates and non-linear boundary conditions with time-dependent boundary controls as well as a spatially independent parameter vector which is governed by its own set of dynamic equations. The set of necessary conditions for optimality obtained from the theoretical development is directly applied to the optimal heating control of the soaking pit with rectangular ingots. The numerical solution by iterations demonstrates the success of the technique and the algorithm leading to the optimal policy for heating control of a typical soaking pit with minimum fuel consumption.