Quality of Pulmonary Function Tests in Participants with Down Syndrome

IntroductionPeople with Down syndrome (DS) have high respiratory morbidity, evaluating their respiratory health with standardized, objective tests is desirable. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the technical quality of Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) to determine which ones are most suitable for this population.MethodsParticipants included children, teenagers and adults with DS, 5 years of age or older (n = 302). The technical quality of the impulse oscillometry system (IOS), forced spirometry, lung-diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DL_CO), and 6-min walk test (6MWT) were analyzed by age group. Capnography and pulse oximetry were included in the study. Technical quality was determined on the basis of current international PFTs standards.ResultsFifty-one percent of participants were males. A total of 184 participants (71%) who completed the IOS fulfilled the quality criteria, while 210 (70%) completed the 6MWT. Performance on forced spirometry and DL_CO was poor. All pulse oximetries and 96% percent heart rates obtained had good quality, but exhaled carbon dioxide (PetCO₂) and respiratory rate (RR) showed deficient repeatability.ConclusionsIOS appears to be the most reliable instrument for evaluating lung mechanics in individuals with DS.     

Assessment of sexual abuse and trauma: Clinical measures

Examined are several measures currently used in the assessment of child abuse, sexual abuse, and trauma. These measures include structured clinical interviews, self report measures, screening inventory, symptom checklist, and some measures that include decision making properties. Issues and implications for clinical practice are explored.     

Detection of low birth-weight new born babies by anthropometric measurements in Bangladesh

Birthweight is an important indicator of child survival. Appropriate and timely care of a newborn specially if he is born with low birthweight is important but this is difficult in developing countries since most of the deliveries are conducted at home where adequate facilities to weigh a new born does not exist. This study was conducted to find out a surrogate which could efficiently be used for detecting low birthweight babies at birth when no weighing machine is around. In this study 41% of the newborn babies were found to weigh less than 2,500 gm at birth. Out of this about 52% were females. The mean chest, thigh and mid-arm circumference at birth for males were 30.89 cm, 15.06 cm and 9.27 cm respectively with standard deviations of 1.83 cm, 1.30 cm and 1.04 cm. Corresponding figures for female babies were 30.69 cm, 15.14 cm and 9.25 cm respectively with standard deviations of 2.08 cm, 1.70 cm and 1.16 cm. Correlation co-efficient between normal birthweight and the chest, thigh and mid-arm circumference were 0.867, 0.845 and 0.842 respectively. A liner regression analysis showed that a chest circumference of 30.14 cm, a thigh circumference of 14.56 cm and a mid-arm circumference of 8.90 cm corresponded well with a birthweight of 2,500 gm. On this basis sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of the chest circumference was better than the other two measurements. However, the mid-arm circumference was observed to be more reliable than the other two measurements for detecting birthweight less than 2,000 gm. A home made measuring tape has been devised on this basis to detect brithweights with cut-off values for 2,500 gm, 2,000 gm to 2,500 gm and 2,000 gm in different shades of colour for illiterate birth attendants.     

83例住院患者念珠菌感染的菌株鉴定及药敏分析

目的 :探讨住院患者念珠菌感染的种类及耐药现状。方法 :用法国生物 -梅里埃公司酵母菌鉴定系统和药敏试纸条进行菌株鉴定和药敏试验。结果 :白色念珠菌检出率最高 (5 0 .6 0 % ) ,热带念珠菌次之 (2 6 .5 1% ) ,高里氏念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌、分别为 9.6 4%和 7.2 3% ,其它念珠菌均在 5 .0 %以下。 6种抗真菌药中 ,5 -氟胞嘧啶、两性霉素B、制霉菌素的耐药率最低 (1.2 0 % ) ,唑类抗真菌的耐药率最高 (8.43～ 18.0 7% )。结论 :结果提示临床医师治疗真菌感染时应先进行培养和药敏试验 ,以便合理治疗 ,预防医院内感染。     

Validierung eines klinischen Routine-Systems zur computerisierten Erstellung von MMPI-Befunden bei psychiatrischen Patienten

Zusammenfassung Das MMPI-Interpretationssystem von Lachar (1974), das gegenüber den bisher verfügbaren Systemen eine Reihe von Vorteilen aufweist, wurde in einer deutschen Version an 1190 stationären psychiatrischen Patienten auf seine Gültigkeit hin untersucht. Von den 153 Texten der Interpretationsbibliothek wurden diejenigen 114 Texte, die voneinander unabhängige Merkmale eines MMPI-Profils interpretieren, bei jedem Vorkommen im Einzelfall von dem behandelnden Psychiater hinsichtlich der interpretativen Treffsicherheit beurteilt. Im Durchschnitt wurden von jeweils 100 Texten 83 als zutreffend bezeichnet. Bei der Analyse der einzelnen Programmteile zeigte sich, daß die Treffsicherheit bei psychopathologisch auffälligen MMPI-Profilen wesentlich höher war als bei Profilen im Normbereich. Die in dieser Untersuchung gefundenen Trefferraten korrelierten hoch mit denen der amerikanischen Originaluntersuchung, was die spezifische und replizierbare Gültigkeit der einzelnen Texte bestätigt. Das vorliegende Interpretationssystem bietet damit auf der Grundlage des MMPI eine Persönlichkeitsbeschreibung, für die in verschiedenen psychiatrischen Einsatzbereichen und verschiedenen Sprachen eine gute interpretative Treffsicherheit im Einzelfall nachgewiesen ist.Eine frühere Fassung dieser Arbeit wurde auf dem 31. Kongreß der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie in Mannheim vorgetragen. Ich danke Frau Dipl. Psych. Kornelia Zangl und Frau Dr. Pola Engel-Sittenfeld für ihre Hilfe bei der Übersetzung der Interpretationstexte. Langjährige wertvolle Mitarbeit haben Frau Irmtraud Reinhold bei der Testdurchführung, Frau Gabi Kunze bei der Programmierung des Interpretationssystems und bei der Verarbeitung der Daten geleistet     

广东省增城市一起登革热爆发的调查

2002年8～9月增城市石滩镇和沙庄街相继爆发登革热。流行时间从8月9日至10月18日,发病136例,男性53例,女性83例,男女发病差异具有极显著意义(X~3=13.24,P<0.01);发病年龄最小2岁,最大77岁,以青壮年发病居多;农民发病最多,民工其次,学生再次。症状主要有畏寒、头痛、疲乏、全身肌肉酸痛、食欲不振、恶心呕吐和腹部不适。体征主要有发热、皮疹(多数在热退时出现,为充血性“斑丘疹”,出疹部位多在四肢和躯干,呈对称性分布),少数患者有出血倾向如鼻衄、便血、齿龈血等。患者末梢血白细胞和血小板计数普遍下降。采集急性期患者血清进行登革病毒IgM抗体检测,阳性率为71.83％,经PCR分型鉴定为登革Ⅰ型病毒。     

Effects of Different Over – the - Counter Whitening Products on the Microhardness,Surface Roughness,Color and Shear Bond Strength of Enamel

ObjectiveThe purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of four over-the-counter (OTC) whitening products on the microhardness, surface roughness, color, shear bond strength (SBS) and surface charecteristics of human enamel compared with a product used for dentist-supervised home whitening.Materials and methodsSeventy eight enamel specimens allocated into 6 groups (n=13): 1-Opalescence PF 10% (OP) dentist prescribed home whitening product, 2-Opalescence Go prefilled tray (PT), 3-Opalescence Whitening Toothpaste (WT), 4-Listerine Healthy White whitening mouth rinse (WMR), 5-Cavex Bite&White whitening pen (WP) and 6- no treatment (Con). The microhardness (VHN), surface roughness (Ra) and color of the specimens were measured (T₀). The specimens were then subjected to whitening protocols for 14 days (T₁.) followed by artificial saliva storage for 14 days (T₂). The measurements were repeated at T₁ and T₂. The SBS test was done after the application of 35% phosphoric acid (Scotchbond Universal Etchant), followed by a universal adhesive (G-Premio Bond) and a micro hybrid/universal resin composite (Essentia) into a Teflon tube attached to the enamel surface (p<0.05). Surface morphologies of the enamel surfaces were examined by SEM. p value was set at 0.05ResultsApplication of OP, PT and WP decrased the microhardness of enamel specimens (p<0.05) whereas, no significant changes were seen in the microhardness of enamel specimens treated with WT and WMR (p>0.05). Ra values of enamel specimens increased with the application of OP, PT and WT (p<0.05); whereas no changes were observed after the applications of WMR and WP (p>0.05). OP, PT, WMR, and WP changed the color of the enamel(p<0.05). There were not any significant differences among the SBSs groups, apart from OP applied enamel specimens. OP showed the least SBS values (p=0.001). SEM observations revealed smooth enamel surfaces.ConclusionsThe whitening products affected the microhardness, surface roughness, color of enamel differently. Only OP decreased the SBS of the enamel.     

尘螨变应原皮肤点刺试验与血清特异性IgE的相关性研究

目的 探讨尘螨变应原皮肤点刺试验(skinprick test,SPT)结果与血清特异性IgE(specific IgE,S-IgE)检测值之间的相关性.方法 分析170例接受尘螨变应原SPT和相应的血清S-IgE检测的变应性鼻炎患者不同皮肤风团直径和不同皮肤反应指数(skin index,SI)对应的血清S-IgE的差异.结果尘螨变应原SPT不同皮肤风团直径和不同SI对应的血清S-IgE存在显著性差异,随着皮肤风团直径或SI的增加,血清S-IgE阳性率和级别也显著增加.结论尘螨变应原SPT结果和血清S-IgE结果存在相关性.     

卵巢上皮性癌相关抗原的筛选和血清学检测

目的构建卵巢上皮性癌（卵巢癌）腹水肿瘤细胞的cDNA文库,从中筛选能用于卵巢癌早期诊断和免疫治疗靶点的卵巢癌相关抗原。方法用3例卵巢浆液性囊腺癌、1例卵巢黏液性囊腺癌、1例卵巢子宫内膜样癌患者的腹水肿瘤细胞构建cDNA文库,采用改良的重组克隆表达抗原的血清学鉴定（SEREX）技术与抑制性消减杂交（SSH）方法相结合的策略从文库中筛选卵巢癌相关抗原基因,并对其进行酶切鉴定、核苷酸测序分析。采用重组肿瘤抗原的微型血清学检测（SMARTA）法检测筛选出的卵巢癌相关抗原与96例卵巢癌患者和96例正常妇女的血清中相应自身抗体的阳性反应情况。结果经两轮血清学筛选和核苷酸测序分析,最终得到55个候选的卵巢癌相关抗原基因片段,代表45个基因,分为6类：（1）与已知的卵巢癌相关基因同源的基因,如BARD1基因等;（2）与其他肿瘤相关基因同源的基因,如TM4SF1基因等;（3）在一些特殊组织中表达的基因,如ILF3、FXR1基因等;（4）与一些特殊功能蛋白基因同源的基因,如TIZ、C1D基因等;（5）与胚胎来源的基因同源的基因,如PKHD1基因等;（6）其余为在基因库GenBank中无同源序列可比对的未知基因,如OV-189基因等。TM4SF1、C1D、BARD1、FXR1、OV-189基因的噬菌体重组融合抗原与卵巢癌患者血清中相应IgG型自身抗体反应的阳性率分别为28％、21％、23％、23％、31％,与正常妇女血清反应的阳性率分别为9％、6％、5％、8％、13％,分别比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;TIZ、FXR1、OV-189基因的重组抗原与卵巢癌患者血清中相应IgM型自身抗体反应的阳性率分别为26％、28％、18％,与正常妇女血清反应的阳性率分别为8％、11％、7％,分别比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。FXR1、OV-189基因的重组抗原与Ⅰ～Ⅱ期卵巢癌患者血清中相应IgG型自身抗体反应的阳性率（分别为34％、46％）高于Ⅲ～Ⅳ期者（分别为16％、23％）,两者分别比较,差异均有统计学意义（P值分别为0．045、0．021）;OV-189基因的重组抗原与高分化卵巢癌患者血清中相应IgG型自身抗体反应的阳性率（为67％）高于中～低分化者（为26％）,两者比较,差异均有统计学意义（P=0．001）。TIZ、FXR1基因的重组抗原与Ⅰ～Ⅱ期卵巢癌患者血清中相应IgM型自身抗体反应的阳性率（分别为40％、46％）高于Ⅲ～Ⅳ期者（分别为18％、18％）,两者分别比较,差异均有统计学意义（P值分别为0．018、0．004）。当联合分析TM4SF1、C1D、TIZ、FXR1基因的重组抗原的相应IgG型自身抗体及TIZ、FXR1基因的重组抗原的相应IgM型自身抗体（即自身抗体谱）时,诊断卵巢癌的敏感度为66％,准确度为73％;将该自身抗体谱与CA125联合时,敏感度、准确度均有明显提高,分别为83％、80％。结论SEREX技术与SSH方法相结合筛选肿瘤抗原基因是一种行之有效的、能筛选出具有较高特异性肿瘤抗原基因的研究策略;TM4SF1、C1D、TIZ、BARD1、FXR1、OV-189基因的重组抗原在血清中的相应自身抗体可作为卵巢癌诊断的标志物,多个抗原的联合检测可提高诊断效率。