不同年龄高脂血症患者自我控制效果观察

目的：寻求一种针对高脂血症患者有效的社区干预模式。方法对比老年组与中青年组高脂血症患者的自我控制情况,结合调查问卷进行分析。结果中青年组自我控制效果不如老年组。结论高脂血症患者的社区综合干预中,应寻求一种行之有效的针对不同年龄的个体化干预方式。     

全膝关节置换术后患者康复行为演变的质性研究

目的 探讨膝关节骨性关节炎患者全膝关节置换术后康复行为演变过程与始动因素。 方法 以自我损耗理论为框架,于2019年6月—8月选取上海市某三级甲等骨科专科医院12例全膝关节置换术后患者进行半结构式深度访谈,并进行主题分析与理论框架构建。 结果 在膝关节骨性关节炎病程中,引起患者不良康复行为的始动因素包括症状困扰、健康知识与社会支持缺乏、负性事件和手术应激。在始动因素诱发下,患者出现认知、情绪、注意及社会互动控制受损,继发冲动决策、消极情绪、意志减退与人际失谐,最终导致不良康复行为。 结论 全膝关节置换术后患者的不良康复行为是多因素持续消耗心理能量、引发自我损耗的结果。在认知、情绪、注意及社会互动控制层面进行干预,可促进术后患者建立有效康复行为。     

Reliability and validity of Persian version of Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS) in motorcyclists

Abstract

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of brief self-control scale (BSCS) in Iranian motorcyclists.

Methods: The original English questionnaire of BSCS has been translated into Persian using the direct-reverse approach. A total of 130 motorcyclists aged 18–65?years old in Iran–Kashan completed the questionnaire. Validity was determined by content validity methods, structural validity through factor analysis, and also the convergence and divergence validity using Spearman correlation coefficient. The intra class correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to estimate the reliability of the self-control tool. Reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha.

Results: The mean and standard deviation of the age at the time of study was 38.5?±?13.5?years old and all of the subjects were male. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the whole questionnaire (BSCS) was 0.81, which was good in this regard. The ICC coefficient was 0.88 with confidence interval of (0.8–0.93), which confirmed the repeatability of this tool. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) yielded a two-factor solution accounted for 42% of the observed variance.

Conclusion: This study showed that Persian version of BSCS has a good reliability and validity for self-control in the Persian language community.

• Key points

• The Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS) has good internal consistency.

• The Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS) has acceptable reliability.

• Brief Self-control Scale (BSCS) has acceptable validity and reliability in the population studies.

     

Validation of the Low Self-Control Scale Spanish Version: a bifactor model approach

General Theory of Crime has considered low self-control as the main cause of crime, and the Low Self-Control Scale (LSCS) is the tool derived from this theory to measure it. However, a debate exists about self-control dimensionality, and the LSCS has been used as a suitable tool in spite of this discussion. The present work explored the LSCS psychometric properties in 272 offender and non-offender adolescents from Argentina. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the scale is best represented by a bifactor structure, so a general latent self-control factor exists beyond its elements and vice versa. Internal consistency indexes were good to excellent for total and elements scores. Criterion validity analyses indicated that risk-seeking and self-centered subscales are associated with different types of deviance to the same extent as the total scale. The present study aims to provide new evidence on the use of the LSCS in research and professional practice.     

开胸术后使用自控镇痛泵的疗效观察及护理

目的:探讨开胸手术后使用自控镇痛泵进行镇痛的疗效观察与护理。方法:将2006年1月行开胸手术病人385例分为2组,开胸术后自愿使用自控镇痛泵患者203例为实验组,同期开胸术后常规哌替啶镇痛182例为对照组,并对两组疗效进行对比研究。结果:实验组镇痛有效179例(88.2%),对照组镇痛有效87例(47.8%),两组差别有统计学意义(P<0.01)。实验组下床活动时间较对照组提前7.25小时。实验组术后10例(5.0%)出现恶心、呕吐,16例(8.0%)出现血压降低,14例(7.0%)出现尿潴留;对照组术后21例(11.5%)出现恶心、呕吐,28例(15.4%)出现血压降低,25例(13.7%)出现尿潴留。结论:开胸术后使用自控镇痛泵进行镇痛是有效、实用的方法,有利于病人早期床上活动,有效咳痰,术后并发症少。     

自我控制量表在中学生中的试用

目的探讨自我控制量表(SCS)在中学生中的适用性,考察其信效度。方法利用自我控制量表对湖南省常德市304名中学生进行测试,对量表测试数据进行项目分析及信效度检验。结果自我控制量表各项目与总分的相关在0.379~0.659之间,SCS 5因素结构模型拟合较好,内部一致性系数为0.849,量表的分半信度为0.869。自我控制量表与一般自我效能感量表的相关系数为0.227(P<0.01),中学生自我控制能力在年级上差别显著(t=2.044,P<0.05)。结论 SCS应用于中学生具有较好的信效度,可作为测量其自我控制能力的有效工具。     

Orem自理模式在胃癌术后饮食护理中的应用研究

目的应用Orem自理理论对胃癌术后患者进行自我饮食护理,提高其生存质量。方法将胃癌需手术患者76例随机分为自我饮食护理组（观察组）和传统饮食护理组（对照组）各38例,观察组患者术后通过营养、自理能力评估,制定自我饮食护理计划;对照组术后用常规饮食护理。分别评估2组患者的自护能力、观察营养监测指标和生存质量的变化。结果观察组的自护能力、营养指标改善明显,生存质量评分2组比较差异有显著性。结论胃癌术后自我饮食护理可以帮助患者尽快满足自理需要,明显改善患者的营养状况,提高其生存质量。     

心理因素与Coriolis转椅诱发晕动反应的关系

目的探讨心理因素自我效感能、自我控制感与科利奥力(Coriolis)转椅诱发晕动症状的关系。方法对某院校386名本科学员进行Coriolis加速度测试,采用格瑞比尔(Graybiel)6级评分标准进行晕动反应评估。受试者在测试前填写自我效能感量表、自我控制感量表。分析自我效能感、自我控制感与晕动症状的关系。结果自我效能感与实验室环境Coriolis转椅诱发晕动症状呈负相关(r=-0.386,P<0.01)。Graybiel各等级人员组间自我效能感得分差异有统计学意义(F=7.614,P=0.001)。结论自我效能感为针对性地开展提高实验室晕动耐受性的心理训练提供了重要依据。     

儿童青少年近视与自理能力相关性分析

目的 调查儿童青少年近视及自理能力现状,分析近视发生的相关因素。方法 设计并检验《近视儿童自我管理需求及自我管理能力调查——他评表》,在微信平台采用滚雪球抽样及整群抽样结合方式抽取6～15岁儿童家长完成电子问卷。结果 6～9周岁儿童近视比例13.3%,10～15周岁以上近视比例约69.6%。儿童青少年的自理能力普遍不乐观。二元logistic逐步回归分析结果显示:年龄(P=0.000),父母近视(P=0.027),独立性强(P=0.027)及学习自理(P=0.037)影响儿童青少年近视的发生发展。结论 有必要加强儿童青少年,尤其是10周岁以上儿童青少年的近视预防和控制,独立性强、学习自理程度高的儿童青少年更应重视近视问题。     

心理因素与转椅诱发晕动反应的相关研究

目的探讨心理因素与科利奥力(Coriolis)转椅诱发晕动反应的相关性。方法对某院校386名本科学员进行科利奥力加速度体能测试,采用格瑞比尔(Graybiel)评分标准对被试者进行晕动反应评估,并在测试前填写晕动病自我效能感量表、自我控制感量表及艾森克人格量表。结果自我效能感得分与诱发晕动病Graybiel平均得分呈负相关(r=-0.386,P<0.05),有统计学意义;单因素和Logistic回归分析表明:个体的自我效能感为转椅诱发晕动反应的相关心理因素(P<0.05)。结论自我效能感为开展提高晕动耐受性的训练提供了重要依据。