Genetic variation of 17 autosomal STR loci in the Lahu population from Yunnan and phylogenetic structure exploration among 28 populations

This study evaluated the genetic variation of 17 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci included in the PowerPlex® 18D Kit. Samples of 562 unrelated healthy Lahu individuals living in Yunnan Province in southwestern China were investigated. The data were analyzed to provide information on allele frequencies and other statistical parameters relevant to the forensic population. Of the 17 loci, 16 reached the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction. A total of 176 alleles were identified in 17 STR loci, and allele frequencies ranged from 0.000 890 to 0.578 292. The combined discrimination power (CPD) and probability of excluding paternity (CPE) of the 17 STR loci were 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 489 and 0.999 998 301 753 122. The genetic relationships among 28 populations were also estimated.     

Rural barriers to early lung cancer detection: Exploring access to lung cancer screening programs in New Hampshire and Vermont

BackgroundRural populations face many health disadvantages compared to urban areas. There is a critical need to better understand the current lung cancer screening landscape in these communities to identify targeted areas to improve the impact of this proven tool.MethodsData from the County Health Rankings of New Hampshire and Vermont was reviewed for population density, distribution of adult smokers, and level of education compared to the distribution of Lung Cancer Screening Facilities throughout these two states.ResultsScreening programs in southern counties of Vermont with lower levels of education have decreased access. In New Hampshire, there are no programs within 30 miles of the areas with the largest distribution of smokers, and decreased access in some areas with the lowest levels of education.ConclusionsImproving equitable access to high-quality screening services in rural regions and the creation of targeted interventions to address decreased access in areas of high tobacco use and low education is vital to decreasing the incidence of latestage presentations of lung cancer within these populations.     

Evidence from a BreastScreen cohort does not support a longer inter-screen interval in women who have no conventional risk factors for breast cancer

ObjectivesTo determine screening outcomes in women who have no recorded risk factors for breast cancer.MethodsA retrospective population-based cohort study included all 1,026,137 mammography screening episodes in 323,082 women attending the BreastScreen Western Australia (part of national biennial screening) program between July 2007 and June 2017. Cancer detection rates (CDR) and interval cancer rates (ICR) were calculated in screening episodes with no recorded risk factors for breast cancer versus at least one risk factor stratified by age. CDR was further stratified by timeliness of screening (<27 versus ≥27 months); ICR was stratified by breast density.ResultsAmongst 566,948 screens (55.3%) that had no recorded risk factors, 2347 (40.9%) screen-detected cancers were observed. In screens with no risk factors, CDR was 50 (95%CI 48–52) per 10,000 screens and ICR was 7.9 (95%CI 7.4–8.4) per 10,000 women-years, estimates that were lower than screens with at least one risk factor (CDR 83 (95%CI 80–86) per 10,000 screens, ICR 12.2 (95%CI 11.5–13.0) per 10,000 women-years). Compared to timely screens with risk factors, delayed screens with no risk factors had similar CDR across all age groups and a higher proportion of node positive cancers (26.1% vs 20.7%). ICR was lowest in screens that had no risk factors nor dense breasts in all age groups.ConclusionsMajority of screens had no recorded breast cancer risk factors, hence a substantial proportion of screen-detected cancers occur in these screening episodes. Our findings may not justify less frequent screening in women with no risk factors.     

Genetic diversity of HLA system in a population from Guerrero,Mexico

We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 144 Mexicans from the state of Guerrero to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies. We find that the ten most frequent haplotypes in the state of Guerrero include eight Native American and two European haplotypes. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components in the state of Guerrero are Native American (61.36 ± 2.69% by ML; 54.17% of Native American haplotypes) and European (35.01 ± 4.59% by ML; 32.29% of European haplotypes), and a relatively low African genetic component (3.63 ± 2.38% by ML; 5.90% of African haplotypes).     

Prevalence and correlates of mild cognitive impairment among diverse Hispanics/Latinos: Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging results

IntroductionWe estimated the prevalence and correlates of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among middle-aged and older diverse Hispanics/Latinos.MethodsMiddle-aged and older diverse Hispanics/Latinos enrolled (n = 6377; 50–86 years) in this multisite prospective cohort study were evaluated for MCI using the National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer's Association diagnostic criteria.ResultsThe overall MCI prevalence was 9.8%, which varied between Hispanic/Latino groups. Older age, high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, and elevated depressive symptoms were significant correlates of MCI prevalence. Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE) and APOE2 were not significantly associated with MCI.DiscussionMCI prevalence varied among Hispanic/Latino backgrounds, but not as widely as reported in the previous studies. CVD risk and depressive symptoms were associated with increased MCI, whereas APOE4 was not, suggesting alternative etiologies for MCI among diverse Hispanics/Latinos. Our findings suggest that mitigating CVD risk factors may offer important pathways to understanding and reducing MCI and possibly dementia among diverse Hispanics/Latinos.     

泰安市流行性出血热(EHF)发病季节和人群分布

在这篇文章中,应用圆形分布法计算了泰安市1984—1985两年流行出血热的发病平均日期,分别为1984年11月5号和1985年11月11号,两年合计的平均发病日期为11月9号。另外,还分析了发病的年龄和职业。这将为预防工作提供准确的科学数据。     

狂犬病蛰伏数年后卷土重来的警示

[目的]警示各级政府务必重视和坚持“预防为主”的方针,采取有力措施,加强对犬类的管理,从根本上控制住“狂犬病”疫情。[方法]广泛地开展防治狂犬病健康教育,提高群众的防范意识和自我保护能力;加强部门协作,对犬只实行“管、免、灭、测”的综合性防疫措施;通过多渠道、多途径全面掌握犬伤人员的伤口处理与疫苗注射情况,对经济困难的犬伤者由政府报销疫苗费等措施保障犬伤人员得到及时处理。[结果]2005年犬伤人员伤口处置与疫苗注射率达99.67%;犬只免疫87320只,免疫率占58.21%;农村捕杀野犬、恶犬22408只、城镇限养区捕杀1189只;随机对3只家犬进行了带毒检测,带毒率达66.67%;2005年1～7月发病数10例,8～12月发病2例。[结论]政府重视,部门协作,措施具体,宣传到位,犬伤人员能及时得到正确处置是控制和降低狂犬病发病的关键。     

Effect of impact exercise on bone mineral density in elderly women with low BMD: a population-based randomized controlled 30-month intervention

Evidence of the effect of exercise on bone loss comes mainly from studies in voluntary postmenopausal women, and no population-based, long-term interventions have been performed. The purpose of this population-based, randomized, controlled trial was to determine the effect of long-term impact exercise on bone mass at various skeletal sites in elderly women with low bone mineral density (BMD) at the radius and hip. Participants ( n =160) were randomly assigned to 30 months either of supervised and home-based impact exercise training or of no intervention. The primary outcome measures were femoral neck, trochanter and total hip BMD, and the secondary outcomes were bone density measures at the radius and calcaneum. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 12 months and 30 months using blinded operators. The analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat analysis. Mean femoral neck and trochanter BMD decreased in the control group [–1.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI) –0.1% to –2.1% and –1.6%, 95% CI –0.4% to –2.7%], while no change occurred in the exercise group. Mean trochanter BMC decreased more in the control group (–7.7%, 95% CI –9.7% to –5.6% vs. –2.9%, 95% CI –5.3 to –0.9). There were six falls that resulted in fractures in the exercise group and 16 in the control group during the 30-month intervention ( P =0.019). A significant bone loss occurred in both groups at the radius and calcaneum. In multivariate analysis, weight gain was associated with increased BMD and BMC at all femur sites both in the exercise group and in the pooled groups. In conclusion, impact exercise had no effect on BMD, while there was a positive effect on BMC at the trochanter. Exercise may prevent fall-related fractures in elderly women with low bone mass.There was no conflict of interest.     

新疆乌鲁木齐县农村住宅卫生设施状况的调查与评价

本文报告了乌鲁木齐县两种不同类型住宅的卫生设施状况，重点对上下水设施，厕所及周围卫生状况进行了调查。结果表明：小二楼住宅有给排水设施及卫生间；砖土木结构平房内只有上水（自来水），但无下水道及卫生间。因均饮用城市自来水，故两类住宅人群肠道传染病发病率无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。对Ｂ村六年几种肠道传染病发病率的动态分析表明，改水是预防和降低肠道传染病发病的有效措施。调查结果还表明，住宅设施完善与否，