Experimental analysis of the ‘happy hour’: Effects of purchase price on alcohol consumption

An experimental analogue of a discount drink policy known as the happy hour was used to study the effects of purchase price on drinking behavior. Male volunteers with a prior history of either casual (N=20) or heavy (N=14) drinking were given free access to beverage alcohol during a 20-day period. Approximately half the subjects could purchase alcohol under a single-price condition (50 ¢/drink), while a matched group was given a price reduction daily (25 ¢/drink) during a three-hour period in the afternoon. The results demonstrated that the afternoon price reduction significantly increased alcohol consumption in both casual and heavy drinkers. Reinstatement of the standard purchase price effectively suppressed drinking in both groups. The findings are discussed in terms of the theoretical and research implications of environmental influences on drinking.     

Rotavirus vaccination compliance and completion in a Medicaid infant population

We examined completion and compliance rates of rotavirus (RV) vaccination according to the recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the Food and Drug Administration approved Prescribing Information (PI) for Rotarix^® (RV1, GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines) and RotaTeq^® (RV5, Merck and Co.) among infants under one year of age covered by Medicaid programs. Healthcare claims data from state Medicaid programs that constituted the Truven Health MarketScan^® Multi-State Medicaid Database were retrieved from May 2008–June 2012. Infants were grouped under PI and ACIP cohorts based on the dosing regimens followed. The overall compliance per PI (n = 673,956) and ACIP (n = 695,612) recommendations were 24.5% and 28.2%, respectively; completion rates were 30.3% and 32.6%, respectively. In the PI cohort, infants who received RV1 had significantly higher compliance as compared with infants who received RV5 (65.2% vs. 31.3%; p < 0.0001); completion rates among infants receiving RV1 and RV5 were 65.3% and 46.4%, respectively (p < 0.0001). In the ACIP cohort, compliance with RV1 was significantly higher than RV5 (68.8% vs. 45.9%; p < 0.0001) as was the overall completion rate (73.5% vs. 48.8%; p < 0.0001). While compliance is increasing year over year, overall compliance of RV vaccines is suboptimal, with over 40% of eligible infants unvaccinated in both populations. The 2-dose RV vaccine showed better completion rates and higher compliance than the 3-dose RV vaccine in the United States. Public health initiatives focusing on suboptimal compliance and completion rates of RV vaccination in the Medicaid population could improve these metrics, thereby offering protection against RV infection.     

层次分析法在医疗设备购置进度控制中的应用

目的：运用层次分析法（AHP）缩短医疗设备购置时间,满足临床工作的迫切需要,解决需要迫切性与医疗设备购置周期长之间的矛盾。方法：建立AHP模型,列出可能影响购置时间的因素,并利用层次分析法构建两两比较判断矩阵,计算矩阵的最大特征值,最终得出制约进度的因素排序,针对排序靠前的关键因素采取节省时间的对策。结果：将对策运用到实际采购流程中,既满足了医疗设备购置流程的要求,又能够在最短的时间内完成医疗设备采购项目,满足临床工作需求。结论：采用AHP系统指导设备购置的各个环节,可显著提高医疗设备购置的效率,达到事半功倍的效果,提高设备购置管理质量。     

论现代医疗设备管理

本文以作者多年从事医疗设备管理经验出发,综述了现代医疗设备管理的主要问题。本文将从设备购入管理,设备安装,设备使用管理,设备评估四方面分析医院高科技设备管理中应注意的一些问题,并在最后,提出了自己关于改进设备管理的建议。     

一次有影响的采购项目——记西部地区疫情直报计算机装备项目

此次采购的意义在于将项目设备,直接装备到最基层的乡镇卫生院,不仅极大地提高了乡镇卫生院的传染病网络直报能力,保证了疫情报告的及时性和有效性,同时加强了我国基层卫生机构基础建设条件,对基层的信息化、网络化管理产生了积极推动作用。     

医院中草药销售的季节性变化研究

目的:了解我院中草药销售与季节变化的关系。方法:统计医院2005年及2006年两年各种中草药的销售情况并加以分析。结果:中药的总体销售情况随销售月份变化影响较大,主要影响因素有春节、五一长假、十一长假及夏季销售淡季。具体中药销售统计应采用相对销售数量及相对使用次数来统计,不适宜绝对销售数量及绝对使用次数统计。补虚药在医院的销售数量及使用次数上占有很大的比例;发散风热药、止咳平喘药及化痰药显示明显的销售旺季与销售淡季。结论:了解中药的销售规律,可以科学合理地制订医院的采购计划。     

“药品采购计划单及发票自动核销系统”在药库采购管理中的应用

目的:利用计算机数据处理功能减少发票入库处理时间。方法:运用“药品采购计划单及发票自动核销系统”直接进行网上发票数据导入。结果与结论:该系统能缩短发票入库时间,且保证入库信息准确,从而可提高工作效率。     

药品集中招标采购存在问题研究

文章对药品集中招标采购政策运行过程中出现的主体错位、环节增加,药品价格下降而患者药品支出下降不明显等问题进行了详细的阐述,并着重分析了产生的原因:1.集中招标采购的药品比例偏低;2.中标药品在医疗机构的使用比例偏低;3.药品生产企业、经营企业恶意竞标不能保证供应。最后针对药品集中招标采购问题提出了统筹考虑医药卫生改革、完善药品价格形成机制、建立药品招标采购信用体系、充分发挥招标代理机构的作用等对策建议。     

如何做好医疗器械的管理

现代化的医疗设备为提高医疗水平、保障人民的身体健康作出了巨大的贡献。现在的医疗设备科技含量很高,所以要求有与之相适应的管理水平,建立完善的管理制度,提高医疗设备使用、提高管理人员的的技术水平。如何做好医疗器械的管理工作,是需要国家、企业、医院等各机构共同努力完成的。