心理因素对小学生脑力工作能力影响的研究

采用横断面研究方法，对180名小学三年级学生脑力工作能力与其智力、性格、学习动机等心理因素和学习、睡眠时间等作息因素的关系进行分析研究。验证了学习、睡眠时间是影响学生脑力工作能力重要的外部因素；脑力工作能力与智力和学习成绩呈正相关。学生自身的心理因素中，学习动机对脑力工作能力有重要影响，所以激发和强化学生的学习动机，是保持和提高学生学习工作能力的有效手段；而性格内外向性、情绪稳定性等因素，对脑力工作能力的影响不明显。     

穿透性角膜移植联合瞳孔成形术的临床观察

目的观察穿透性角膜移植联合瞳孔成形术的效果。方法４８只眼行穿透性角膜移植术的同时对虹膜缺损进行修复，成形瞳孔。术后随访６～８９个月。结果植片透明者３８只眼（７９．２％），视力恢复０．１以上者３１只眼（６４．６％），瞳孔修复接近正常者４３只眼（８９．６％）。结论穿透性角膜移植联合瞳孔成形术，可减少术后并发症、改善植片的预后及视功能。对波及瞳孔的虹膜缺损，联合行瞳孔成形术效果较好。     

Interpretation of functional series expansions

While much research has been devoted to the implementation and application of Volterra and Wiener functional series expansions in the identification and characterization of biological systems, little effort has been focused on the fundamental problem of interpreting the resulting kernels. This paper describes the application of the series to the components of a known model of the human pupil control system. As more complicated elements are put together, insight into kernel interpretation is built up incrementally until the total system is identified. Practical limitations and methods are also discussed.     

PUPILLARY AND ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC CHANGES DURING AN IMAGERY TASK

This study examined the relationship between muscle activity and the increased pupillary dilation observed during cognitive tasks when S is required to indicate task completion. Pupillary and EMG activity were monitored while Ss generated images to words. In two groups, Ss indicated completion of the task either by pressing a key or by releasing it. In two other groups Ss made a key press response that was unrelated to the cognitive task. No key press was required of a fifth group. Results indicated some apparent effect of muscle activity on pupil size during the imagery task and the findings were discussed in relation to other variables affecting pupillary activity.     

学习障碍儿筛检测试的应用研究

目的：为在我国开展学习障碍的研究提供筛查工具,对日本PRS在江苏省进行标准化研究。方法：采用PRS测试江苏省12市城乡5～15岁普通学校中小学生和幼儿园儿童6676名,进行标准化研究。结果：PRS项目测试具有较高的可靠性,言语性以及非言语性领域Cronbach’sa系数均大于093,全项目则达到096;因子分析则间接提示本次测试的有效性;各项目得分比日本样本更接近正态分布,各项目以及各领域得分均略高于日本。作为筛查学习障碍界值是合适的。结论：PRS在江苏省可用于筛俭学习能力障碍,需进一步加强应用研究。     

超声乳化白内障手术中小瞳孔的处理

探讨超声乳化白内障手术中处理小瞳孔的方式。采用粘弹剂或非切开方式的瞳孔成形术扩大瞳孔。２０例小瞳孔术中均得到扩大,且成功地行前囊连续环形撕囊和超声乳化手术。采用粘弹剂或非切开方式的瞳孔成形术扩大瞳孔,是有效的经济的手术方法,几乎适用于所有的小瞳孔白内障手术。     

Methyldopa produces central inhibition of parasympathetic activity in the cat

Summary -Methyldopa (10–100 mg/kg i.v.) produced a dose-dependent pupillary dilation in anaesthetized cats which was antagonized by subsequent administration of yohimbine hydrochloride (0.5 mg/kg i.v.). The peak effects were observed approximately 2–3h after injection. This -methyldopa-induced mydriasis was present only when the parasympathetic innervation to the iris was intact. Prior treatment with yohimbine (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) 30 min before -methyldopa also antagonized the mydriatic effect, whereas pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine (2.5 mg/kg i.v.) did not. In contrast, phenoxybenzamine, but not yohimbine, effectively antagonized the pupillary dilation produced by adrenaline (0.3–10.0 g/kg i.v.). These results suggest that -methyldopa produces mydriasis in the cat by means of CNS inhibition of tonic outflow from the oculomotor nucleus and that an -adrenergic inhibitory mechanism may be involved. This conclusion is supported further by experiments in which direct measurements of ciliary nerve activity were made.     

小学生早餐行为及影响因素分析

目的：了解小学生饮食行为及影响因素,为学生健康教育提供参考.方法：整群抽样4所小学生3～5年级2 257名小学生进行问卷调查.结果学生每天吃早餐、经常吃早餐和不吃早餐的比例依次为9.1%,82.5%和6.3%.且早餐质量较差,主要以淀粉类食物为主,膳食结构不甚合理.55.7%的小学生上午有饥饿感.结论：小学生是不良饮食行为预防的重点人群,应在家长和学生中开展营养知识教育,矫正不良饮食行为和卫生习惯.     

Pupil motility in long-term diabetes

Summary Employing infrared TV-videopupillography and the open loop stimulatory technique the ability of the pupil of the eye to react to rhythmic light stimuli of increasing frequencies was studied in 15 control subjects and 14 long-term juvenile diabetics. The degree of retinopathy varied from nil to proliferative changes. The visual acuity of all subjects studied was at least 6/9 and there were no ophthalmoscopic signs of retinopathy in the area stimulated by the light, thereby ensuring roughly uniform retinal sensitivity. The degree of neuropathy ranged from nil to moderate or severe as judged by vibratory perception threshold and pupil size. The pupil response (gain: fractional response to a unit light stimulus, and phase lag: latency period in number of stimulatory cycles) was the same in the group of diabetics as in the control group. The results show that the pupillary abnormalities of long-term diabetic patients (small size and a loss of spontaneous fluctuations) are probably] not due to stiffness of the iris tissues. It is suggested that diabetic autonomic neuropathy predominantly affects the sympathetic innervation to the dilator muscle, the parasympathetic innervation to the sphincter muscle being relatively spared.     

Cognitive processing load across a wide range of listening conditions: Insights from pupillometry

The pupil response to speech masked by interfering speech was assessed across an intelligibility range from 0% to 99% correct. In total, 37 participants aged between 18 and 36 years and with normal hearing were included. Pupil dilation was largest at intermediate intelligibility levels, smaller at high intelligibility, and slightly smaller at very difficult levels. Participants who reported that they often gave up listening at low intelligibility levels had smaller pupil dilations in these conditions. Participants who were good at reading masked text had relatively large pupil dilation when intelligibility was low. We conclude that the pupil response is sensitive to processing load, and possibly reflects cognitive overload in difficult conditions. It seems affected by methodological aspects and individual abilities, but does not reflect subjective ratings.