输血前患者血液传染指标调查结果分析

目的:对拟输血患者3678例在输血前进行乙肝表面抗原,丙肝病毒抗体,艾滋病病毒抗体,梅毒反应素等输血传染病因子进行检测。方法:采用酶联免疫法。结果:输血前患者的乙肝表面抗原阳性率为9.7%;丙肝病毒抗体阳性率为0.5%;艾滋病病毒抗体阳性率为0.1%;梅毒反应素阳性率为1.6%。结论:输血前检查能作为上述几种病原体流行的信号灯,为预防、诊断和治疗提示方向,也是鉴别是否因输血感染疾病的依据,减少输血医疗纠纷的重要措施。     

应用新型Peek Prevail椎间融合内固定系统治疗颈椎病的近期疗效观察

目的 :探讨颈椎前路椎间盘切除减压椎间融合内固定术中应用新型Peek Prevail椎间融合内固定系统治疗颈椎病的近期疗效。方法:2014年7月~2014年9月应用Peek Prevail椎间融合内固定系统行颈椎前路椎间盘切除减压椎间融合内固定术治疗颈椎病患者32例,均为单节段融合,其中脊髓型14例,神经根型11例,混合型7例;男18例,女14例;平均年龄55.3±3.4岁(34~64岁)。采用Bazaz吞咽困难评价标准、Park邻近节段骨化分级标准分别评估术后吞咽困难和邻近节段骨化发生情况;采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、日本骨科学会评分(JOA)、颈椎残障指数评分(NDI)对患者术前术后脊髓神经功能、生活质量进行评估;术后定期行颈椎X线、CT、MRI检查观察颈椎曲度、内固定状态、植骨融合等情况。结果:全部患者获得随访,随访时间6~7个月,平均6.5±0.7个月。手术时间平均59.0±10.5min,术中出血量平均37.6±18.4ml。1例患者(3.1%)术后6h出现脊髓缺血再灌注损伤表现;3例患者(9.4%)术后36h逐渐出现不同程度吞咽困难,2例轻度,1例中度;均经对症处理后症状消失或明显改善。所有患者术后神经功能及临床症状均得到改善,VAS评分术前为7.5±1.7分,术后6个月时改善为2.5±1.2分(P0.05);NDI评分术前为43.3±3.6分,术后6个月时改善为10.7±2.9分(P0.05);JOA评分术前为9.43±2.55分,术后6个月时改善为16.07±1.02分(P0.05);颈椎曲度术前为-14.30°±1.9°,术后6个月时改善为17.12°±1.4°(P0.05)。随访期间未见植骨不融合、融合器下沉、邻近节段骨化及内固定松动等并发症。结论:颈前路椎间盘切除减压植骨融合内固定术中应用Peek Prevail椎间融合内固定系统治疗颈椎病具有操作简单、出血少、手术时间短、并发症少、吞咽困难发生率低的优点,近期临床疗效满意。     

Immediate Occlusal Loading of NanoTite™ PREVAIL® Implants: A Prospective 1-Year Clinical and Radiographic Study

Background: Recently, a new implant surface texture, featuring application of nanometer‐scale calcium phosphate has been shown to enhance early bone fixation and formation in preclinical studies and in human histomorphometric studies, which may be beneficial in immediate loading situations. Aim: The purpose of the present prospective clinical study was to, during 1 year, clinically and radiographically evaluate a nanometer scale surface modified implant placed for immediate loading of fixed prostheses in both maxillary and mandibular regions. Materials and Methods: Thirty‐five out of 38 patients who needed implant treatment and met inclusion criteria agreed to participate in the study and were consecutively enrolled. Surgical implant placement requirements consisted of a final torque of a least 25 Ncm prior to final seating and an implant stability quotient above 55. A total of 102 NanoTite? PREVAIL® (NTP) implants (BIOMET 3i, Palm Beach Gardens, FL, USA) (66 maxillary and 36 mandibular) were placed by one investigator, and the majority of these were placed in posterior regions (65%) and in soft bone (69%). A total of 44 prosthetic constructions were evaluated consisting of 14 single‐tooth restorations, 26 fixed partial dentures, and four complete fixed restorations. All provisional constructions were delivered within 1 hour, and the final constructions placed after 4 months. Implants were monitored for clinical and radiographic outcomes at follow‐up examinations scheduled for 3, 6, and 12 months. Results: Of the 102 study implants, one implant failed. The simple cumulative survival rate value at 1 year was 99.2%. The average marginal bone resorption was 0.37 mm (SD 0.39) during the first year in function. According to the success criteria of Albrektsson and Zarb, success grade 1 was found with 93% of the implants. Conclusion: Although limited to the short follow‐up, immediate loading of NanoTite Prevail implants seems to be a viable option in implant rehabilitation, at least when a good initial fixation is achieved.