Big Endothelin-1 and long-term all-cause death in patients with coronary artery disease and prediabetes or diabetes after percutaneous coronary intervention

Background and aimsThe present study aimed to examine the association between big endothelin-1 (big ET-1) and long-term all-cause death in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and different glucose metabolism status.Methods and resultsWe consecutively enrolled 8550 patients from January 2013 to December 2013. Patients were categorized according to both status of glucose metabolism status [Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Pre-Diabetes (Pre-DM), Normoglycemia (NG)] and big ET-1 levels. Primary endpoint was all-cause death.During a median of 5.1-year follow-up periods, 301 all-cause deaths occurred. Elevated big ET-1 was significantly associated with long-term all-cause death (adjusted HR: 2.230, 95%CI 1.629–3.051; p < 0.001). Similarly, patients with DM, but not Pre-DM, had increased risk of all-cause death compared with NG group (p < 0.05). When patients were categorized by both status of glucose metabolism and big ET-1 levels, high big ET-1 were associated with significantly higher risk of all-cause death in Pre-DM (adjusted HR: 2.442, 95% CI 1.039–5.740; p = 0.041) and DM (adjusted HR: 3.162, 95% CI 1.376–7.269; p = 0.007). The Kaplan–Meier curve indicated that DM patients with the highest big ET-1 levels were associated with the greatest risk of all-cause death (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe present data indicate that baseline big ET-1 levels were independently associated with the long-term all-cause death in DM and Pre-DM patients with CAD undergoing PCI, suggesting that big ET-1 may be a valuable marker in patients with impaired glucose metabolism.     

糖尿病前期中医药研究进展

糖尿病前期的发病率逐年递增,中医治疗该病疗效明确,优势突出。该文从病因病机及临床治疗等方面综合整理分析了近年来有关糖尿病前期的中医临床研究,大多数学者认为其发病与禀赋、饮食、情志及劳逸失度密切相关,以中满内热,脾不散精,气阴两虚,肝郁脾虚,痰湿内阻为主要病机。目前,中医对该病的辨治不尽相同,如何更有效的发挥中医诊疗特色,还需进一步研究和探讨。     

富阳市糖尿病患病率及其相关危险因素的调查研究

目的 调查了解富阳市糖尿病患病率和相关危险因素等流行病学特点。方法 从2012 年8 至10 月对富阳市25个乡镇（街道）18 岁以上的户籍人口以乡镇（街道）为单位分层进行随机抽样,开展横断面调查。总共调查了4 131 人,除已确诊为糖尿病的患者外,所有受试者均行口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）,并检测空腹及餐后2h 静脉血糖。已确诊的糖尿病患者均采用自行报告的形式。结果 标准化后的糖尿病患病率8.10%,其中男性8.45%,女性8.16%;糖尿病前期患病率11.33%,其中男性患病率11.21%,女性11.08%。单纯糖耐量受损（IGT）患病率10.51%,其中男性10.64%,女性10.13%。糖尿病患病率在城乡人群分别是14.30%和13.00%,糖尿病前期患病率在城乡人群分别是19.10%和15.60%,城乡间比较均存在统计学差异（P＜0.01 或0.05）。糖尿病的总体治疗率为46.02%,其中男性35.80%,女性45.64%,治疗率随年龄升高而降低。年龄、糖尿病家族史、肥胖、高TG以及LDL-C 均是糖尿病的危险因素（P＜0.01 或0.05）。结论 富阳市糖尿病患病率低于全国水平,但高于全省水平,而糖尿病前期患病率却高于全国水平,提示富阳市糖尿病患病率正处于上升阶段。     

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome by different definitions,and its association with type 2 diabetes,pre-diabetes,and cardiovascular disease risk in Brazil

Background and aimsMetabolic Syndrome (MS) is increasing in developing countries. Different definitions of MS lead to discrepancies in prevalence estimates and applicability. We assessed the prevalence of MS as defined by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Plan III (Modified NCEP) and Joint Interim Statement (JIS); compared the diagnostic performance and association of these definitions of MS with pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.MethodsA total of 714 randomly selected subjects from Northeastern Brazil were investigated in a cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical data were recorded. Diagnostic test performance measures assessed the ability of the different MS definitions to identify those with pre-diabetes, T2DM and increased CVD risk.ResultsThe adjusted prevalence of MS was 36.1% applying the JIS criteria, 35.1% the IDF and 29.5% Modified NCEP. Women were more affected by MS according to all definitions. MS was significantly associated with pre-diabetes, T2DM and CVD risk following the three definitions. However, the JIS and IDF definitions showed higher sensitivity than the Modified NCEP to identify pre-diabetes, T2DM and CVD risk. The odds ratios for those conditions were not significantly different when comparing the definitions.ConclusionsMS is highly prevalent in Brazil, particularly among those with pre-diabetes, T2DM, and high CVD risk. The IDF and JIS criteria may be better suited in the Brazilian population to identify pre-diabetes, T2DM and CVD risk. This may also signify the importance of the assessment of MS in clinical practice.     

糖尿病前期患者糖代谢异常与慢性牙周炎的相关性

目的:研究糖尿病前期患者糖代谢水平与慢性牙周炎的相关性。方法:对符合《中国2型糖尿病防治指南》糖尿病前期诊断标准的171例患者进行牙周检查,根据美国疾病控制和预防中心与美国牙周病学会制定的标准分为轻度、中度和重度慢性牙周炎组,检测各组糖代谢指标(空腹血糖、糖耐量、空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗及糖化血红蛋白)及牙周检查指标(菌斑指数、牙周袋深度、附着丧失、探诊出血比例),对混杂因素(年龄、性别、高血压、肥胖、吸烟等)进行校正后用多因素回归分析方法研究糖代谢指标与慢性牙周炎的相关性。结果:中、重度慢性牙周炎组患者的空腹血糖与胰岛素抵抗水平明显高于轻度慢性牙周炎组,差异有统计学意义,重度慢性牙周炎组患者的糖耐量水平显著高于轻度慢性牙周炎组,糖化血红蛋白及空腹胰岛素两组差异无统计学意义。多因素回归分析表明,随着空腹血糖水平的升高,患者患有中度或重度慢性牙周炎的概率显著增加(OR=1.39,95%CI:1.01~1.98;OR=1.64,95%CI:1.17~2.40);随着胰岛素抵抗水平的升高,患者患有中度或重度慢性牙周炎的概率也显著增加(OR=1.36,95%CI:1.04~1.76;OR=1.72,95%CI:1.23~2.41);随着糖耐量水平的升高,患有重度慢性牙周炎的概率显著升高(OR=1.65,95%CI:1.21~2.26)。结论:糖尿病前期患者的糖代谢水平与牙周炎有相关性。     

Visceral adipose tissue is more strongly associated with insulin resistance than subcutaneous adipose tissue in Chinese subjects with pre-diabetes

Aims: To investigate the value of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in a cohort of a community’s residents who were diagnosed as pre-diabetes, and to evaluate the association of VAT and SAT with insulin resistance.

Methods: This study was based on cross-sectional analysis of data from 107 adults. VAT and SAT were assessed by computed tomography. Insulin resistance was defined by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance >2.69. The relationship of VAT and SAT with insulin resistance were examined by linear regression. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of VAT and SAT with insulin resistance.

Results: A total of 87 subjects had VAT ≥100?cm². Thirty-six out of 107 (33.6%) subjects were detected to have insulin resistance, 71 were normal (66.4%), and all had insulin resistance with VAT ≥100?cm². VAT (r?=?0.378, p?r?=?0.357, p?p?=?.003), but that of SAT was lost.

Conclusion: Pre-diabetic subjects with insulin resistance had elevated levels of VAT. VAT was more strongly associated with insulin resistance than SAT in Chinese subjects with pre-diabetes.     

HbA1c screening in the community: Lessons for safety and quality management of a point of care programme

Aim

To describe quality management processes and appropriate interpretation with respect to HbA_1c point-of-care (POC) testing in a national diabetes and cardiovascular risk screening programme.

Human serum acylcarnitine profiles in different glucose tolerance states

Aims

To understand the relationship between serum acylcarnitine profiles and glucose tolerance status.

Methods

We analyzed 61 subjects who were divided into three groups based on their glucose tolerance status: normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 20, M/F = 9/11, mean age 48 years), pre-diabetes (Pre-DM; n = 20, M/F = 11/9, mean age 51 years), or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; n = 21, M/F = 8/13, mean age 49 years). Fasting serum free carnitine and acylcarnitine concentrations were determined using isotope dilution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry coupled with high performance liquid chromatography.

Results

In comparison with NGT subjects, Pre-DM and type 2 diabetes subjects showed serum metabonomic changes highlighted by dysregulation of mitochondrial fatty acid combustion. Of the long-chain carnitine esters, significantly higher palmitoylcarnitine (C16), 3-OH-hexadecanoylcarnitine (C16-OH), carnitine C20, carnitine C22, and carnitine C24 concentrations (all P < 0.05) were noted in the newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes group, and even the pre-diabetes group.

Conclusions

This research provides further evidence of alterations in serum acylcarnitine profiles being associated with worse glucoseintolerance. The findings may suggest different degrees of involvement of dysregulated mitochondrial function and incomplete long-chain fatty acid oxidation pathways in the natural course of type 2 diabetes.     

湖北省十堰市某地区糖尿病和糖尿病前期患病率调查

目的了解湖北省十堰市某地区糖尿病及糖尿病前期患病率情况。方法采用分层抽样方法,对2014年1月—2016年7月湖北省十堰市某地区4435名20~79岁汉族人群进行横断面调查,获取一般资料,测空腹血糖,对于空腹血糖≥6.1 mmol/L者,进一步行OGTT诊断是否为糖尿病。结果共计4435名完成调查,其中男性2620名,女性1815名。经当地人口学数据标化后,该区域内糖尿病总体患病率为11.24%(其中男性10.08%,女性12.81%),糖尿病前期总体患病率为14.98%(其中男性13.70%,女性16.73%),男女间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论十堰市郧阳区糖尿病及糖尿病前期患病率较高,应积极采取相应措施予以控制。