Sexual fantasies of heterosexual and homosexual men

Heterosexual men and homosexual men rated how arousing different sexual fantasies were and how often they had used these fantasies over the previous year. Within each group, sensual and genital same-orientation fantasies were more arousing than either public-sex or dominance-submissive fantasies, which in turn were more arousing than aggressive-sex fantasies. For both heterosexual and homosexual men the extent to which a fantasy was arousing correlated with the person's experience of the activity depicted in the fantasy. The frequency of use of a fantasy correlated positively with its arousal level but not always subtantially so. The results are discussed in the context of the mediating role of fantasy in human sexual arousal.     

胎儿主要肢骨发育时间表──超声骨龄

用Ｂ超检测正常妊娠中的胎儿。选择受精龄为１２至３８整周（ｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅｄｗｅｅｋ）的胎儿２９７例。测量其主要肢骨（干）长度。并将所测数据进行统计学处理。结果表明胎儿肢骨的生长发育与胎龄有显著的正相关关系。     

苯胺衍生物掺杂的PMMA薄膜的二次非线性光学性能的稳定性研究

具有A-π-D电子结构的苯胺衍生物掺杂的玻璃态高聚物PMMA的有机薄膜经极化取向后显示很强的二次非线性光学性能,其取向弛豫是实用化的一个有待解决的重要问题。木文通过几种苯胺衍生物以不同百分比与PMMA掺杂,用紫外-可见吸收光谱、二次谐波强度测量、动态力学粘弹谱等方法进行了取向弛豫的机理研究,结果表明分子尺寸和形状以及偶极矩的大小对取向弛豫有显著影响。     

Auditory Perception and the Control of Spatially Coordinated Action of Deaf and Hearing Children

From birth onwards, auditory stimulation directs and intensifies visual orientation behaviour. In deaf children, by definition, auditory perception cannot take place and cannot, therefore, make a contribution to visual orientation to objects approaching from outside the initial field of view. In experiment 1, a difference in catching ability is demonstrated between deaf and hearing children (10-13 years of age) when the ball approached from the periphery or from outside the field of view. No differences in catching ability between the two groups occurred when the ball approached from within the field of view. A second experiment was conducted in order to determine if differences in catching ability between deaf and hearing children could be attributed to execution of slow orientating movements and/or slow reaction time as a result of the auditory loss. The deaf children showed slower reaction times. No differences were found in movement times between deaf and hearing children. Overall, the findings suggest that a lack of auditory stimulation during development can lead to deficiencies in the coordination of actions such as catching which are both spatially and temporally constrained.     

Positive Thinking Among Slot Machine Gamblers: A Case of Maladaptive Coping?

Background  Research has demonstrated that optimism and “positive illusions” can be used a coping mechanism among those facing adversity. Gamblers are a little studied group who also experience adversity and uncertainty. They often feel considerable levels of frustration, guilt, anger and a sense of feeling cheated after making significant losses. In order to deal with such feelings it is hypothesized that these individuals will search for positive consequences from their behaviour in order to offset this negative affect. Objectives  To (1) determine whether after gambling, gamblers compensate and reduce negative affect by identifying positive consequences from experiencing a loss, and (2) identify types of strategies which gamblers employ and consider how these should be classified. Materials and Methods  Eighty-seven regular slot machine gamblers were interviewed in a variety of environments housing slot machines. Each participant was asked a series of questions in a semi-structured format, to explore possible styles of positive thinking. Results  Nine types of ‘positive thinking’ experienced by gamblers were identified. These included Comparative thinking, Prophylactic thinking, Biased frequency thinking, Responsibility avoidance, Chasing Validation, Prioritization, Resourcefulness, Thoughtfulness, and Fear Reduction. Gamblers who were positive thinkers experienced significantly less guilt than non-positive thinkers. Conclusions  While reduction of negative affect may be perceived as positive in many other contexts, it is argued that it may counteract efforts to promote responsible gambling. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.     

宁夏高校新生乙型肝炎知识和正向态度的调查

目的：调查宁夏地区大学生新生有关乙型肝炎防治知识的认知情况，为开展健康教育提供基线资料。方法：采取分层整群抽样方法，对宁夏1000名大学新生进行问卷调查。结果：对乙型肝炎一般知识、传播途径的正确回答率宁夏医学院新生高于宁夏大学和宁夏农学院新生，传播途径得分女生高于男生；正向态度得分宁夏大学新生高于其它2校，汉民高于回民；乙肝的一般知识、传播途径及正向态度得分城市学生均高于农村，差异均有显著性。结论：大学生对乙肝的防治知识有一定了解，但不全面，不系统，不均衡，开展健康教育非常重要。     

首次CT检查阴性的颅脑损伤54例临床分析

目的分析颅脑损伤首次CT检查阴性而复查CT阳性的表现和原因。方法通过对首次CT检查阴性而复查CT阳性的54例颅脑损伤患者（研究组）的临床资料进行回顾性分析总结,并与同期收治的325例首次CT及复查CT均为阴性的颅脑损伤患者（对照组）作比较。结果研究组首次CT检查阴性而复查CT阳性表现为迟发性血肿、脑挫裂伤、脑积水、硬膜下积液、弥漫性脑肿胀、外伤性脑梗塞等,可由不同原因引起。结论熟悉本类颅脑损伤首次CT检查阴性,而复查CT阳性的表现及原因,对于指导检查及治疗,改善病人预后有重要意义。     

The effects of problem-solving training on two problem-solving tasks

The present study assessed the effects of problem-solving (D'Zurilla & Goldfried, 1971) training on two problem-solving tasks. Sixty-one subjects were assigned randomly to and trained in one of the following groups: general orientation (GO)-problem definition (PD)-generation of alternatives (GA)-decision making (DM), GO-PD-GA, GO-PD-DM, GO-GA-DM, GO, and a control group. The six groups did not differ significantly at pretesting on the measures of selecting the best alternative solution and describing problem-solving behaviors used to solve problems. Training was significantly effective on selecting the best alternative solution for all groups compared with the control group at the time of posttesting. The GO-PD-GA-DM and GO-PD-DM groups described significantly more problem-solving behaviors than the GO-PD-GA, GO-GA-DM, and GO groups. All five treatment groups performed significantly better than the control group at the time of post-testing. At follow-up 1 month after posttesting, groups trained with the PD component selected significantly better alternatives than the groups without PD training. Groups trained with the DM component described significantly more problem-solving behaviors at follow-up than the groups trained without the DM component.     

Phorbol ester does not mimic,but antagonizes the alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated positive inotropic effect in the rabbit papillary muscle

Summary The phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was used to examine the hypothesis that phosphoinositide turnover is involved in the regulation of myocardial contractility mediated by stimulation of alpha-adrenoceptors in the mammalian cardiac muscle. Exposure of the isolated rabbit papillary muscle electrically driven at a rate of 1 Hz at a temperature of 37°C to TPA in concentrations of 10–1000 nmol/l for 30 min did not affect the basal force of contraction. The concentration-response curve for the positive inotropic effect of (–)-phenylephrine mediated by stimulation of alpha-adrenoceptors in the presence of (±)-bupranolol (100 nmol/1) was shifted to the right and downward by TPA in concentrations of 30–1000 nmol/l, while the effect of (–)-phenylephrine mediated by stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors in the presence of prazosin (100 nmol/l) was not decreased, but slightly enhanced by exposure of the muscle to relatively low concentrations of TPA (10–100 nmol/l). Incubation of the membrane fraction isolated from the rabbit ventricular muscle with TPA in vitro under the same condition as employed in the physiological experiments decreased the specific binding of [³H]prazosin but not that of [³H]CGP-12177, while the non-tumor promoting phorbol ester, PDD, was ineffective. These results indicate that activation of protein kinase C by TPA does not mimic the positive inotropic effect of catecholamines mediated by activation of myocardial alpha-adrenoceptors. on the other hand, the specific interaction of alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated processes with TPA in the rabbit papillary muscle is in line with the view that the facilitation of phosphoinositide turnover and subsequent activation of protein kinase C may play a certain role in the coupling of alpha-adrenoceptor occupation by agonists to the process leading to the positive inotropic action. Send offprint requests to M. Endoh     

The effect of design of residential homes in creating dependency among confused elderly residents: A study of elderly demented residents and their ability to find their way around homes for the elderly

A study of 13 homes for elderly people examining the effect of the environment on demented residents looked into the complexity of the design from the residents' point of view. Two principal tools were used in this investigation: ‘route diagrams’, which describe a resident's use of the home, and a measure devised to indicate each resident's ability to find her way around the home. These are described and the relationship between them explored. From this the following tentative conclusions are drawn:

• (i) The variables that influence a resident's ability to find her way around differ between group and communally designed homes.
• (ii) It would appear that group homes provide a more favourable design, especially in the case of physically frail demented elderly people.
• (iii) In group homes, the level of lighting is an important aid to a demented person in finding her way around.
• (iv) In communal homes, residents seem most able to find their way around homes that have been adapted from older premises.
• (v) In both types of home, ‘meaningful decision points’ can be seen as aids to a resident finding her way around.