Potentilla anserine L. polysaccharide protects against cadmium-induced neurotoxicity

Cadmium is a toxic metal that can damage the brain and other organs. This study aimed to explore the protective effects of Potentilla anserine L. polysaccharide (PAP) against CdCl₂-induced neurotoxicity in N2a and SH-SY5Y cells and in the cerebral cortex of BALB/c mice. In addition, we aimed to identify the potential mechanisms underlying these protective effects. Relative to CdCl₂ treatment alone, pretreatment with PAP prevented the reduction in cell viability evoked by CdCl₂, decreased rates of apoptosis, promoted calcium homeostasis, decreased ROS accumulation, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited cytochrome C and AIF release, and prevented the cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP. In addition, PAP significantly decreased the CdCl₂-induced phosphorylation of CaMKII, Akt, and mTOR. In conclusion, PAP represents a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of Cd-induced neurotoxicity, functioning in part via attenuating the activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and the Ca²⁺-CaMKII-dependent Akt/mTOR pathway.     

灵芝菌合剂中灵芝多糖含量的测定

目的：探讨灵芝菌合剂中灵芝多糖含量的检测方法。方法：采用分光光度法，以无水葡萄糖为对照品，检测波长为490nm。结果：此方法在0～120μg范围内线性关系良好，灵芝多糖的平均回收率为99．09%。RSB为1．14％。结论：本法简便快捷，准确度高，重现性好，可作为本制剂的质控方法。     

硫酸多糖对体外人脐静脉内皮细胞损伤的保护作用

研究表明,硫酸多糖体外对多聚阳离子和氧自由基损伤的人脐静脉内皮细胞有保护作用。肝素、硫酸软骨素A抗多聚阳离子损伤作用比同浓度低分子肝素和甘糖酯强。肝素、硫酸软骨素A、甘糖酯抗氧自由基损伤作用优于同浓度低分子肝素。结果显示硫酸多糖有保护血管内皮的作用,其作用可能与所带阴离子基团有关。     

多糖硫酸脂(PSS)治疗缺血性脑血管病临床观察和实验室研究

应用PSS治疗270例缺血性脑血管病并进行了临床、实验室以及动物试验的观察.总有效率为92.27%;显效率65.24%,与对照组相比较有显著性差异(P<0.005).实验室观察发现PSS有显著的抗凝血、降低血粘度,降低血脂及血管扩张作用.动物实验也说明了这一点.     

红毛五加多糖对机体免疫功能的影响

本文研究红毛五加多糖成分对机体免疫功能的影响,实验结果表明红毛五加多糖可激发T、B-淋巴细胞的生物学效益。     

Influence of Size, Dosage, and Surface Structure on Clearance and Tissue Distribution of Intravenous Microspheres

Intravenously injected polystyrene microspheres with functional amino groups (AP-MSs, 0.2,1.0, and 4.0 urn in diameter) were cleared from the blood very rapidly. The calculated half-lives for 0.2-, 1.0-, and 4.0-μm AP-MSs were about 55,60, and 50s; no significant differences were found with 10⁶,10⁷, and 10⁸ microspheres/rat. Loading experiments showed that the liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and heart had a very high capacity to take up AP-MSs. The AP-MSs were distributed mainly to the liver, lung, and spleen, whereas other organs contained less than 1 % of injected AP-MSs. In terms of numbers of AP-MSs per gram of tissue, the highest contents were found in spleen, liver, and lung for 0.2-, 1.0-, and 4.0-um AP-MSs, respectively. There was indication of redistribution of particles from one organ to another during the first 6 h after injection. Chondroitin sulfate A (Chon) and hyaluronic acid (Hya) adsorbed or covalently linked to AP-MSs increased uptake in the liver, with Chon AP-MSs (adsorbed or linked) showing the best effect: about 25% increase compared with unadsorbed 1-μm AP-MSs. Experiments with separated cells in vitro demonstrated that 1 um AP-MSs, intravenously injected, associated only with Kupffer cells. When the microspheres were adsorbed with Chon, there was also association with liver endothelial cells. This finding indicates that conjugation of microspheres with ligands for endothelial receptors may be a useful method for directing microspheres to specific organs, even if the receptors are not by themselves phagocytic     

体外丹参、藻酸双酯钠对脑血栓形成患者红细胞与内皮细胞粘附的影响

丹参、藻酸双酯钠是临床治疗脑血管病的常用药。本研究发现，在体外流场中用丹参、藻酸双酯钠分别处理脑血栓形成病人的红细胞后，此红细胞与培养的人脉静脉内皮细胞的粘附数目明显减少、粘附强度明显减弱；而且，在临床常用剂量下藻酸双酯钠的这种抗粘附作用优于丹参。认为丹参、藻酸双酯钠的这种抗粘附作用可能是临床用以治疗脑血栓形成的一个重要机理。     

白细胞介素2和黄芪多糖对小鼠NK细胞作用的细胞化学和超微结构观察

本文报道在白细胞介素2(IL-2)及黄芪多糖(PA)作用下,小鼠NK细胞的细胞化学和超微结构变化。实验表明,NK细胞酸性磷酸酶、酸性醋酸酯酶及氯醋酸AS-D酯酶均为阳性。经IL-2和PA的处理,前两种酶的活性增加,阳性细胞百分率增高,并与NK活性相关。IL-2培养后的NK细胞超微结构表现为胞体变大,表面不规则,胞质丰富,细胞器增多等特点。     

紫菜多糖PY4对免疫细胞增殖的影响

目的：分析紫菜多糖的性质,测定其对免疫细胞增殖的影响。方法：将纯化得到的紫菜多糖PY4,用紫外和红外光谱进行鉴定。采用体外培养方法测定了PY4对小鼠骨髓细胞,脾 脏细胞,胸腺细胞的生长以及混合淋巴细胞反应的影响。结果：在骨髓细胞,脾脏淋巴细胞和胸腺淋巴细胞的增殖试验中给药组与对照组之间有非常显著的差异,而混合淋巴细胞反应中两者没有差异。结论：多糖PY4对小鼠骨髓细胞,脾 脏淋巴细胞和胸腺淋巴细胞增殖有一定的抑制作用,而对混合淋巴细胞反应没有明显的影响。     

卡介菌多糖核酸治疗慢性支气管炎的疗效评价

为了评价卡介菌多糖核酸对慢性咳嗽咳痰病人的疗效,随机双盲地将慢性咳嗽咳痰病人136例分为卡组72例,对照组64例。两组病人严格按照慢性单纯性支气管炎和慢性喘息性支气管炎的诊断规范再分为2个亚组。在卡组病人中用卡介菌多糖核酸0.5mg/d×36d治疗后和对照组对比,结果显示:①卡组:慢单支组总有效率100％,慢喘支组92.68％;对照组:慢单支组91.67％,慢喘支组75％。②慢单支组:明显显效率卡组明显高于对照组(P=0.0001)。③慢喘支组:卡组中明显显效率和显效率均高于对照组(分别为P=0.0226;P=0.0012)。由此可见,卡介菌多糖核酸是治疗慢单支、慢喘支的有效药物,且疗效好,副作用少。