高原环境下大鼠对硒制剂耐受力的实验研究

本实验将大鼠从上海空运至兰州，很快转至高海拔地区，用光镜及电镜观察了亚硒酸钠对大鼠的影响。结果发现在高原环境下大鼠对硒的耐受力减低，引起了大鼠猝死半加得高原缺氧对心肌的损伤，降低了大鼠高原适应性。本文还对其耐受机理进行了初步讨论。     

1998～2004年《高原医学杂志》载文、著者和引文情况统计分析

运用文献计量学的方法,对1998～2004年《高原医学杂志》载文、著者及引文情况进行了统计分析,阐述了该刊的载文特点、著者特点及引文特点。     

高原地区MS及PD患者5种微量元素水平变化及其意义初探

目的：探讨高原环境下多发性硬化（MS）和帕金森氏病（PD）血清某些微量元素含量的变化与发病的相关性。方法：以电感藕合等离子体发射光谱法测定19例MS和22例PD患者血清Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Al等五种微量元素水平。结果：MS患者血清Mn、Al水平显著高于正常对照组,而Cu含量则较低。Zn和Fe无明显变化。PD组Al含量明显升高（P＜0．01）,Mn水平亦有上升趋势（P＜0．05）。结论：作者结合文献复习对这一结果进行初步分析和讨论,并认为微量元素的改变可能与这二种病的发病机制有一定联系。     

高原不同民族人群唾液中SIgA变化的研究

本文对世居青藏高原的撒拉、土、回、藏四个民族青少年唾液中的免疫球蛋白A（SIgA）含量进行了测定。结果表明,除土族和藏族以外,其他各民族间均有显著性差异。作者认为,其原因可能与各民族人群的生活环境、生活习惯、世居史、遗传因素等有关。     

西藏高原藏族患者用药依从性调查

目的 :了解西藏高原藏族患者用药依从性现状 ,探讨提高患者用药依从性的方法。方法 :采用问卷调查法 ,对188例藏族患者进行疾病种类、用药情况、依从性情况调查。结果 :用药依从性与疾病性质、患者文化程度、患者对疾病的认知程度有关。提高患者对疾病及其药物治疗的认知程度 ,强化医师与患者的沟通及加强用药指导不失为提高患者用药依从性的好方法。结论 :针对不同年龄患者 ,其用药咨询服务内容应有所区别     

急进高原个体机体炎性改变及其胃肠黏膜屏障损伤情况分析

目的:探讨急进高原个体机体炎性改变及其胃肠黏膜屏障损伤的特点。方法:对20例由平原急进高原个体于进入高原前、进入高原第三天和第七天进行胃镜检查,并对进入高原后消化系统的症状发生情况进行调查,同步抽取血液标本,做血常规的白细胞总数(WBC)、中性粒细胞(N)、淋巴细胞(L)及白介素-1(IL-1)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、血小板活化因子(PAF)等炎症介子的含量进行检测。结果:20例平原个体急进高原后血常规WBC、N及IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α、PAF等炎症介子均较平原显著升高,L较平原显著降低,均以进入高原第三天改变最为显著,与进入前比较P<0.01,与第七天比较P<0.05,L为第三天与进入前比较P<0.05、与第七天比较P>0.05。胃镜检查者,进入高原第三天及第七天胃镜检查阳性例数分别为17例(约85%)和10例(50%),与进入高原前比较差异均具有显著性(P<0.01),胃镜下主要表现有胃黏膜出血、充血、淤血、糜烂、溃疡及胆汁反流等,13例存在不同程度的消化系统症状(占65%)。结论:高原缺氧对急进高原个体肠道黏膜屏障存在明显的损伤,并引发机体的炎性改变。而机体的这种炎性改变又可能进一步加重胃肠道的黏膜屏障损伤。     

From the Cover: A Middle Eocene lowland humid subtropical “Shangri-La” ecosystem in central Tibet

Tibet’s ancient topography and its role in climatic and biotic evolution remain speculative due to a paucity of quantitative surface-height measurements through time and space, and sparse fossil records. However, newly discovered fossils from a present elevation of ∼4,850 m in central Tibet improve substantially our knowledge of the ancient Tibetan environment. The 70 plant fossil taxa so far recovered include the first occurrences of several modern Asian lineages and represent a Middle Eocene (∼47 Mya) humid subtropical ecosystem. The fossils not only record the diverse composition of the ancient Tibetan biota, but also allow us to constrain the Middle Eocene land surface height in central Tibet to ∼1,500 ± 900 m, and quantify the prevailing thermal and hydrological regime. This “Shangri-La”–like ecosystem experienced monsoon seasonality with a mean annual temperature of ∼19 °C, and frosts were rare. It contained few Gondwanan taxa, yet was compositionally similar to contemporaneous floras in both North America and Europe. Our discovery quantifies a key part of Tibetan Paleogene topography and climate, and highlights the importance of Tibet in regard to the origin of modern Asian plant species and the evolution of global biodiversity.

The Tibetan Plateau, once thought of as entirely the product of the India–Eurasia collision, is known to have had significant complex relief before the arrival of India early in the Paleogene (1–3). This large region, spanning ∼2.5 million km², is an amalgam of tectonic terranes that impacted Asia long before India’s arrival (4, 5), with each accretion contributing orographic heterogeneity that likely impacted climate in complex ways. During the Paleogene, the Tibetan landscape comprised a high (>4 km) Gangdese mountain range along the southern margin of the Lhasa terrane (2), against which the Himalaya would later rise (6), and a Tanghula upland on the more northerly Qiangtang terrane (7). Separating the Lhasa and Qiangtang blocks is the east–west trending Banggong-Nujiang Suture (BNS), which today hosts several sedimentary basins (e.g., Bangor, Nyima, and Lunpola) where >4 km of Cenozoic sediments have accumulated (8). Although these sediments record the climatic and biotic evolution of central Tibet, their remoteness means fossil collections have been hitherto limited. Recently, we discovered a highly diverse fossil assemblage in the Bangor Basin. These fossils characterize a luxuriant seasonally wet and warm Shangri-La forest that once occupied a deep central Tibetan valley along the BNS, and provide a unique opportunity for understanding the evolutionary history of Asian biodiversity, as well as for quantifying the paleoenvironment of central Tibet.^*Details of the topographic evolution of Tibet are still unclear despite decades of investigation (4, 5). Isotopic compositions of carbonates recovered from sediments in some parts of central Tibet have been interpreted in terms of high (>4 km) Paleogene elevations and aridity (9, 10), but those same successions have yielded isolated mammal (11), fish (12), plant (13–18), and biomarker remains (19) more indicative of a low (≤3-km) humid environment, but how low is poorly quantified. Given the complex assembly of Tibet, it is difficult to explain how a plateau might have formed so early and then remained as a surface of low relief during subsequent compression from India (20). Recent evidence from a climate model-mediated interpretation of palm fossils constrains the BNS elevation to below 2.3 km in the Late Paleogene (16), but more precise paleoelevation estimates are required. Further fossil discoveries, especially from earlier in the BNS sedimentary records, would document better the evolution of the Tibetan biota, as well as informing our understanding of the elevation and climate in an area that now occupies the center of the Tibetan Plateau.Our work shows that the BNS hosted a diverse subtropical ecosystem at ∼47 Ma, and this means the area must have been both low and humid. The diversity of the fossil flora allows us to 1) document floristic links to other parts of the Northern Hemisphere, 2) characterize the prevailing paleoclimate, and 3) quantify the elevation at which the vegetation grew. We propose that the “high and dry” central Tibet inferred from some isotope paleoaltimetry (9, 10) reflects a “phantom” elevated paleosurface (20) because fractionation over the bounding mountains allowed only isotopically light moist air to enter the valley, giving a false indication of a high elevation (21).     

由平原进入高海拔地区施工人员血压动态变化情况研究

目的观察由平原进入高海拔地区施工人员血压动态变化情况。方法通过设计专门的调查表,并由指定的研究人员,通过培训后对由平原进入高海拔地区施工人员的"亚习服期"血压进行测定,测定的时间点分别为平原、进入高原3 d、7 d、15 d、30 d、60 d。结果施工人员由平原进入高原后,在"亚习服期"即出现血压明显改变,其中进入高原第3天及第7天与平原比较具有显著差异,后逐渐下降,至第30天时血压开始接近平原水平,而至第60天时血压再次高于第30天和平原血压。与平原比较第3天(P<0.01),第7天(P<0.05)有显著差异;在1 000例对象中,高原高血压发病人数202例,患病率为20.2%,且高空作业人群高原高血压的发病显著高于地面作业人群(P<0.01),高原高血压的患病率随海拔高度增加而增高。结论高海拔地区施工人员在"亚习服期"即出现高原高血压,且其患病率随海拔高度的增加而升高。     

组织干预对西藏高原护士工作倦怠的影响

目的：分析组织公平对护士工作倦怠的影响，并在此基础上制定和实施组织干预措施，为预防和矫治西藏高原地区护士工作倦怠提供理论依据和实践指导。方法：对某军区下属的三所总医院的临床女性护士（均为非管理人员）309例采用马氏倦怠感通用量表和组织公平量表进行调查．以获得工作倦怠与组织公平的相互关系。对西藏军区总医院的临床女性护士（均为非管理人员）108例（含干预组54例、对照组54例）在实施组织干预措施半年后采用马氏倦怠感通用量表和组织公平量表进行调查，以检测组织干预措施对提高组织公平感和改善工作倦怠感的实效性。结果：分配公平会影响护士的情绪衰竭和玩世不恭，程序公平会影响成就感降低。组织干预措施可以提高护十的组织公平感和降低工作倦怠感．结论：通过实施组织干预措施可以预防和降低护士的工作倦怠感。     

云南高原山区血吸虫病流行区居民接触水体和劳动行为研究

目的掌握云南高原山区血吸虫病流行区居民接触水体和参加劳动情况,为制定防治措施提供科学依据。方法选择云南省鹤庆县金墩乡高原峡谷型血吸虫病流行区西甸和磨光2个行政村作为调查试区,对6~65岁居民采用随机抽样的方法开展问卷调查,了解居民是否接触水体、接触水体原因、参加劳动情况。问卷后,对调查对象采用间接血凝试验(IHA)进行检查,了解其血吸虫感染情况。结果接触过水体和没有接触过水体的人数占调查总人数的比例分别为88.35%和11.65%,灌溉和游泳玩耍是居民接触水体的主要原因。因游泳玩耍、洗澡、灌溉、洗手和其他原因接触水体的居民中有血吸虫病病史的人数比例分别为1.16%、0、30.80%、3.85%、0,差异有统计学意义(χ2=38.96,P0.01);因上述原因接触水体的居民中本次IHA阳性的居民比例分别为18.60%、0、37.60%、23.08%、0,差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.61,P0.05)。居民中没有参加劳动、每周劳动5次、每周劳动≥5次、没有回答人数占调查人数的比例分别为39.81%、16.50%、43.20%、0.49%,有血吸虫病病史的人数比例分别为13.41%、19.12%、31.46%、0,差异有统计学意义(χ2=17.17,P0.01);IHA阳性的人数比例分别为19.51%、38.24%、35.96%、50.00%,差异亦有统计学意义(χ2=14.21,P0.01)。结论生产性劳动是血吸虫感染的主要途径,改变人们的接触水体行为和劳动方式对有效控制血吸虫病传播有重要意义。