科技期刊关联数据开放共享及出版政策研究

【目的】 搭建一个适合我国科技期刊关联数据出版的框架,为科技期刊制订关联数据开放共享及出版政策提供参考。【方法】 通过文献分析和网络调研方法,对国内外出版机构及科技期刊在关联数据出版方面的政策进行跟踪调研,并基于数据FAIR原则,分别从数据的可发现、可获取、可互操作和可重用4个维度进行具体分析,明确科技期刊关联数据出版的要素。【结果】 结合我国科技期刊发展现状及规划,通过共享分级并将数据出版要素纳入其中,提出符合国际数据共享政策、面向我国科技期刊的关联数据出版通用数据政策框架。【结论】 所提出的期刊关联数据共享分级策略,可为不同期刊数据政策的制订提供参考。     

The National Health Plan 2030: Its Purpose and Directions of Development

The National Health Plan 2030 (HP2030) started to be prepared in 2017 and was completed and announced in December 2020. This study presents an overview of how it was established, the major changes in policies, its purpose, and future directions. This study analyzed the steps taken in the past 4 years to establish HP2030 and reviewed major issues at the international and governmental levels based on an evaluation of HP2020 and its content. HP2030 establishes 6 divisions and 28 topic areas, and it will continue to expand investments in health with a total budget of 2.5 trillion Korean won. It also established goals to enhance health equity for the first time, with the goal of calculating healthy life expectancy in a way that reflects the circumstances of Korea and reducing the gap in income and healthy life expectancy between regions. The establishment of HP2030 is significant in that it constitutes a sustainable long-term plan with sufficient preparation, contains policy measures that everyone participates in and makes together, and works towards improvements in universal health standards and health equity. With the announcement of HP2030, which includes goals and directions of the national health policy for the next 10 years, it will be necessary to further strengthen collaboration with relevant ministries, local governments, and agencies in various fields to concretize support for prevention-centered health management as a national task and to develop a health-friendly environment that considers health in all policy areas.     

射野孔径形状控制器对直肠癌快速容积旋转调强放射治疗计划质量、机器传输能力和准确性的影响研究

目的:研究Eclipse15.5治疗计划系统中射野孔径形状控制器(ASC)对直肠癌快速(RapidArc)容积旋转调强放射治疗(VMAT)计划质量、机器传输能力和剂量传输准确性的影响。方法:选取医院收治的20例直肠癌患者,对每个病例生成ASC"off"、ASC"verylow"、ASC"moderate"和ASC"veryhigh"共4组RapidArc对照计划。其中ASC调节等级分别设置为关闭(off)、非常低(verylow)、中等(moderate)和非常高(veryhigh),其他计划参数设置保持一致,使用射野剂量系统(PD)验证剂量传输的准确性。主要评价指标包括剂量体积直方图(DVH)、Paddick适形指数(PCI)、梯度指数(GI)、均质性指数(HI)、剂量率(DoseRate)、机架转速(GantrySpeed)、机器跳数(MUs)、每角度机器跳数(MU/deg)和Gamma通过率,采用单因素方差分析和Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验检测4组ASC计划之间各项统计指标的差异。结果:4组ASC计划间除计划靶区平均剂量(PTV D_med)差异有统计学意义(F=3.243,P=0.027)外,其他DVH、PCI、GI和HI指标差异均无统计学意义。机器传输能力中ASC为very low、moderate和very high的MUs较off分别下降14.4%、20.9%和29.6%。4组计划间DoseRate、MU/deg和MUs差异有统计学意义(x²=16.621,x²=16.007,x²=15.877;P=0.001)。剂量传输准确性中4组计划间3%/3 mm和2%/2 mm的Gamma通过率差异均无统计学意义。结论:计划设计过程中需考虑ASC对各项计划指标的影响,应根据计划的复杂性和临床需要调整ASC的等级。     

Light: Science & Applications对标世界顶级光学期刊的卓越计划建设之路

【目的】 Light: Science & Applications(以下简称Light)通过对标世界顶级光学期刊,探索缩小与世界顶级光学期刊差距的对策与措施,打造我国自主建设的领军期刊,为我国一流科技期刊的建设提供参考和借鉴。【方法】 通过与同领域的世界顶级光学期刊Nature Photonics对标,分析Light和Nature Photonics在发文体量、总被引频次、辐射范围、作者分布和尖端论文方面的数据。【结果】 Light围绕发现的两刊在引领科学研究、深入科学家群体和加速科学传播这三个方面的差距,自受“中国科技期刊卓越行动计划”(以下简称“卓越计划”)资助以来,通过组织前沿热点和交叉学科专题,配合科学界重大事件引导科学研究;深入科学家群体,发掘高价值综述及重要学术成果;建设文章传播推广脉络,举办线上学术活动,建设高影响力学术期刊公众号等创新方式缩小差距。【结论】 Light作为“卓越计划”领军期刊,深知肩负的责任和使命,要从期刊建设方面真正起到领军的作用。在“卓越计划”的支持下Light不断对标世界顶级光学期刊,并探索世界一流科技期刊的建设方法,逐步缩小与世界顶级光学期刊的差距。     

坚持科学发展观,统筹城乡医疗卫生事业协调发展

当前我国城乡医疗卫生在服务提供、资源利用、人员素质、保障待遇等方面差距悬殊，深刻分析农村卫生发展滞后的根源。统筹城乡医疗卫生事业协调发展，逐步缩小城乡卫生差距，以满足农民不同层次的医疗卫生需求。从整体上提高农民的健康水平和生活质量。是全面建设小康社会的需要，也是确保国民经济持续快速健康发展和国家长治久安的需要。     

Plan choice,health insurance cost and premium sharing

We develop a model of premium sharing for firms that offer multiple insurance plans. We assume that firms offer one low quality plan and one high quality plan. Under the assumption of wage rigidities we found that the employee's contribution to each plan is an increasing function of that plan's premium. The effect of the other plan's premium is ambiguous. We test our hypothesis using data from the Employer Health Benefit Survey. Restricting the analysis to firms that offer both HMO and PPO plans, we measure the amount of the premium passed on to employees in response to a change in both premiums. We find evidence of large and positive effects of the increase in the plan's premium on the amount of the premium passed on to employees. The effect of the alternative plan's premium is negative but statistically significant only for the PPO plans.     

“中国科技期刊登峰行动计划”入选期刊发展现状及建议

【目的】 通过统计分析“中国科技期刊登峰行动计划”入选期刊的发展现状,为优化资助机制、培育世界一流科技期刊提供参考。【方法】 基于Web of Science的JCR评价数据,运用文献计量法和深度访谈法对入选期刊发展现状和存在问题进行分析并提出建议。【结果】 入选期刊影响因子总体提升不明显,存在片面追求影响因子的倾向;资助的“解渴”“解困”作用明显,但由于期刊国际化办刊思路不清晰,谋划不足,撬动期刊实现世界一流建设目标的杠杆作用发挥得并不充分。【结论】 资助方应通过注重资助效果评估和反馈,清晰资助导向,促进资助效果形成良性循环。期刊方应深入理解“世界一流科技期刊”的建设内涵,把握规律,探索模式,积极进行国际化办刊实践,提升期刊国际影响力。     

The health consequences of aerial spraying illicit crops: The case of Colombia

This paper exploits variations in aerial spraying across time and space in Colombia and employs a panel of individual health records in order to study the causal effects of the aerial spraying of herbicides (glyphosate) on short-term health-related outcomes. Our results show that exposure to the herbicide used in aerial spraying campaigns increases the number of medical consultations related to dermatological and respiratory illnesses, as well as the number of miscarriages. These findings are robust to the inclusion of individual fixed effects, which compare the prevalence of these medical conditions for the same person under different levels of exposure to the herbicide used in the aerial spraying program over a period of 5 years. Also, our results are robust to controlling for the extent of illicit coca cultivation in the municipality of residence.     

Building immunization decision-making capacity within the World Health Organization European Region

A National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) is a multi-disciplinary body of national experts that provides evidence-based recommendations to policy-makers, assisting them in making sound immunization policy and programme decisions. The World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe is working to strengthen the capacity of newly-established NITAGs and has targeted efforts on low- and middle-income countries. The Regional Office, in collaboration with WHO Headquarters and USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), developed a new training strategy and held training workshops to improve NITAGs’ functioning and ability to make evidence-based recommendations. Feedback from countries that participated in trainings indicated that the updated training materials and interactive approach with follow-up technical support enabled them to align their NITAG charters and processes with WHO recommendations. To ensure continued progress, global and regional partners such as WHO and CDC should continue providing technical support to recently established NITAGs.