Wall painting following terminal cleaning with a chlorine solution as part of an intervention to control an outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a neurosurgical intensive care unit in Israel

BackgroundTo describe the use of wall painting as part of an intervention to control an outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB).MethodsAn interrupted time-series analysis was performed analyzing an intervention in a neurosurgical intensive care unit (NSICU) and an inpatient hematology department in a tertiary level medical center in Israel. The intervention involved wall painting using a water based acrylic paint following patient discharge and terminal cleaning with sodium troclosene as part of an infection control bundle for an outbreak of CRAB in a NSICU and concurrent outbreaks of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) colonization/infection in the same NSICU and the hematology department.ResultsBetween January 2013 and December 2018, 122 patients hospitalized in the NSICU were identified with new CRAB colonization/infection. The median incidence in the periods prior to/post intervention were 2.24/1000 HD (interquartile range [IQR] 0.84–2.90/1000) vs. 0/1000 HD (IQR 0–0.49/1000), respectively. Poisson regression indicated a decrease of 92% in the CRAB incidence following the intervention onset (relative risk [RR] 0.080, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.037–0.174, p < 0.001). Forty-seven patients in the NSICU and 110 in the hematology department were colonized/infected with CRE in the same time period; a significant change was not observed following the start of the intervention in either department (for NSICU RR 1.236, 95% CI 0.370–4.125, p = 0.731; for hematology RR 0.658, 95% CI 0.314–1.378, p = 0.267).ConclusionsA. baumannii is able to survive on environmental surfaces despite decontamination efforts; wall-painting as part of a bundle may be a successful infection control measure.     

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of an Axial Rotary Blood Pump

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have become a standard therapy for patients with severe heart failure. As low blood trauma in LVADs is important for a good clinical outcome, the assessment of the fluid loads inside the pump is critical. More specifically, the flow features on the surfaces where the interaction between blood and artificial material happens is of great importance. Therefore, experimental data for the near‐wall flows in an axial rotary blood pump were collected and directly compared to computational fluid dynamic results. For this, the flow fields based on unsteady Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes simulations‐computational fluid dynamics (URANS‐CFD) of an axial rotary blood pump were calculated and compared with experimental flow data at one typical state of operation in an enlarged model of the pump. The focus was set on the assessment of wall shear stresses (WSS) at the housing wall and rotor gap region by means of the wall‐particle image velocimetry technique, and the visualization of near‐wall flow structures on the inner pump surfaces by a paint erosion method. Additionally, maximum WSS and tip leakage volume flows were measured for 13 different states of operation. Good agreement between CFD and experimental data was found, which includes the location, magnitude, and direction of the maximum and minimum WSS and the presence of recirculation zones on the pump stators. The maximum WSS increased linearly with pressure head. They occurred at the upstream third of the impeller blades and exceeded the critical values with respect to hemolysis. Regions of very high shear stresses and recirculation zones could be identified and were in good agreement with simulations. URANS‐CFD, which is often used for pump performance and blood damage prediction, seems to be, therefore, a valid tool for the assessment of flow fields in axial rotary blood pumps. The magnitude of maximum WSS could be confirmed and were in the order of several hundred Pascal.     

重庆市某漆业制造公司职业病危害现状评价

目的对重庆市某漆业制造公司生产场所进行职业病危害现状评价,为该公司职业病防治工作提供科学依据。方法现场调查法、检查表法、检测检验法、定量分析法和职业健康检查法。结果在生产过程中主要存在或产生苯、甲苯、二甲苯、二异氰酸甲苯酯、甲醛、乙苯、铬及其无机化合物、丁醇、丁酮、环己酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、粉尘、噪声、工频电场等职业病危害因素;在作业场所中设置了相应的防护设施,采取了各种防护措施;检测结果均符合国家标准要求;职业病危害防治现状基本符合职业病防治法律、法规、标准的相关要求。结论该公司化学毒物多的作业岗位应为重点控制点,提高自动化、机械化程度,实行车间全面通风排毒;长期低浓度接触苯系物对人体健康会造成伤害。     

正交试验法优选静脉穿刺涂剂的配方

目的制备安全有效的静脉穿刺涂剂.方法采用四因素三水平的正交试验法,筛选静脉穿刺涂剂的配方.结果由2.5%消旋山莨菪碱、1.0%烟酸、2.0%利多卡因和1.0%薄荷脑组成的配方效果较好.结论正交试验法优选静脉穿刺涂剂的配方,方法可行,效果满意.     

紫外分光光度法测定甲醛水杨酸涂剂中水杨酸含量

目的研究甲醛水杨酸涂剂中水杨酸的含量测定方法。方法采用紫外分光光度法,在296．4nm波长处直接测定。结果水杨酸质量浓度在11．25～33．75μg／mL范围内与吸光度线性关系良好,r=0．9999（n=5）;平均回收率为99．80％,RSD为0．35％（n=6）。结论紫外分光光度法准确、简单、快捷,适用于医院制剂的快速分析。     

喉开穴加中药治疗急性扁桃体炎临床观察

66例急性扁桃体炎患者随机分为喉开穴放血加中药治疗组及青霉素治疗对照组，观察比较一月及一年疗效和一年后复发率。结果，一月内喉开穴放血加中药优于青霉素对照组，两组比较差异显著（P＜0．05）。随访一年治疗组复发率为10．5％，对照组复发率达40％，两组比较差异显著（P＜0．01）。治疗组明显优于对照组，说明喉开穴放血加中药疗效稳定可靠。     

Neurobehavioural effects of industrial mixed solvent exposure in chinese printing and paint workers

Neurobehavioural symptoms and performance tests were evaluated in a group of 78 workers exposed to mixed organic solvents (printers, paint sprayers and paint production workers) and a referent group of 145 unexposed subjects (nonproduction factory workers and volunteer postal workers). Both groups were administered a structured symptoms questionnaire and eight neurobehavioural tests for psycho-motor function, visual and auditory memory. An excess of symptoms of fatigue, irritability, depression, poor memory, sleep disturbances and symptoms suggestive of autonomic dysfunction was found in the exposed group. Neurobehavioural test performance was generally worse, and performance on tests of psycho-motor function (choice reaction test and digit symbol) and auditory memory (digit span and associate learning) was significantly poorer in the exposed group. The findings support the view that apparently healthy and actively employed workers exposed to mixed solvents show neurobehavioural deficits.     

Fecal lead excretion in young children as related to sources of lead in their environments

Summary Fecal lead excretion (PbF) was studied in young children with elevated lead exposure. PbB was generally 40–70 g/dl. The children's home environments were classified as to lead-base paint hazard and traffic density. There was a significant correlation between paint hazard classification and PbF but not between traffic density and PbF. There also was a correlation of PbB with paint hazard classification. Long-term fecal collections were instituted using 10 children who lived in high hazard homes and three children with low PbB's, whose PbF's were considered normal. Among the children living in high hazard homes, median fecal lead excretion generally was only moderately elevated. Grossly elevated amounts of lead were found only occasionally and only in a few of the children. Movement of two children from a high hazard home to a low hazard home resulted in prompt and substantial reduction in PbF. By contrast, PbB fell only very slowly.This study was supported by a grant from the US National Science Foundation—RANN Program, Grant 77-22186     

支架涂层材料对血管平滑肌的影响

[目的]探讨支架涂层材料对血管平滑肌的影响.[方法]以SD大鼠主动脉血管平滑肌细胞为载体,采用MTT试验检测苯乙烯丁烯共聚物及多聚乳酸涂层材料对血管平滑肌细胞的增殖能力的影响,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期.[结果]随着培养天数增加,苯乙烯丁烯共聚物组和多聚乳酸组平滑肌细胞数量都呈递增趋势;相同时间内苯乙烯丁烯共聚物组和多聚乳酸组细胞数量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但苯乙烯丁烯共聚物组与多聚乳酸组差异无显著性(P>0.05);与对照组相比,苯乙烯丁烯共聚物及多聚乳酸组细胞周期均有不同程度变化,主要表现为G0/G1期细胞数显著高于对照组,S期、G2/M期细胞数显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),苯乙烯丁烯共聚物组与多聚乳酸组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).[结论]苯乙烯丁烯共聚物及多聚乳酸可能通过抑制细胞周期中的第1个调控点(G1→S限制点)抑制主动脉血管平滑肌细胞增殖,两种涂层材料之间无明显差异.