晕可宁颗粒对急、慢性梅尼埃病模型的影响

目的　探讨晕可宁颗粒的主要药效学 ,为临床提供药效学资料及治疗学基础。方法　采用三氯甲烷破坏豚鼠一侧膜迷路感受器模型 ,探讨受试药对眼震颤、摆头及旋转的影响 ;采用内淋巴囊和内淋巴管阻塞手术复制豚鼠膜迷路实验性膜迷路积水模型 ,研究内耳组织平均中阶面积 (SMA)增加率及形态学的变化。结果　抑眩宁阳性对照组、晕可宁颗粒 (8、16g/kg)模型给药组豚鼠眼球震颤次数减少 ,差异有显著意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。成功复制了不同程度膜迷路积水豚鼠模型 ,表现为前庭膜重度膨出 ,前庭阶缩小 ,膜蜗管增大 ,SMA增加率变大 ,差异有显著意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;晕可宁颗粒灌胃后可减轻豚鼠实验性膜迷路积水的程度 ,差异有显著意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;但与空白对照组比较SMA增加率差异无显著意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　晕可宁颗粒可以减轻内淋巴囊积水程度 ,对梅尼埃病症状有对抗治疗作用。     

Acceptability of a hypothetical group B strep vaccine among pregnant and recently delivered women

Objective

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes significant infant morbidity and mortality. Promising GBS vaccines are currently in clinical trials. Because GBS vaccines would be the first to specifically target pregnant women, we sought to assess acceptability of a hypothetical GBS vaccine.

Study design

We performed an internet survey among currently pregnant or recently delivered women receiving care at one of 9 Ob/Gyn practices in Colorado. Vaccine acceptability was assessed using questions based on constructs from the Health Belief Model. Multivariable analyses assessed the characteristics associated with GBS vaccine acceptability during the current/recent pregnancy.

Results

The response rate was 50% (n = 231). While 78% agreed that a GBS vaccine would be a good way to protect newborns, 90% and 83% agreed, respectively, that they worried generally about the safety and effectiveness of new vaccines. Moreover, 39% believed it is generally dangerous for pregnant women to get vaccines. Seventy nine percent ‘definitely’ or ‘probably’ would have gotten a GBS vaccine in their most recent pregnancy if available. The most influential factors associated with this outcome were a strong belief in the vaccine's benefits (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 6.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.01–20.16), and low perceived barriers to vaccination (AOR 0.11, 95% CI (0.03–0.37)).

Conclusion

A GBS vaccine may be acceptable to pregnant women but would benefit from strong provider support and education about the risks and consequences of GBS infection and the benefits to vaccination.     

艾灸神阙穴对不同程度力竭运动大鼠海马区单胺类神经递质的影响

目的:探讨艾灸神阙穴对不同程度力竭运动大鼠海马区单胺类神经递质的影响。方法:将72只SD雄性大鼠按随机数字表法分为正常组8只、模型组和艾灸组各32只,根据造模或治疗时间将模型组和艾灸组随机分为1、4、7、10次亚组,每亚组8只,采用游泳实验建立力竭模型。艾灸各亚组大鼠造模后即刻温和灸神阙穴15min,隔日1次,各亚组大鼠完成相应力竭运动后24 h检测海马组织5-HT、DA、NE的含量。结果:与正常组比较,模型各亚组5-HT含量均明显升高,模型1、4、7次亚组NE含量均明显升高,模型1次亚组DA含量明显升高,模型10次亚组却明显降低。与相应模型亚组比较,艾灸4次亚组NE含量明显升高,艾灸7、10次亚组5-HT含量显著降低,DA、NE含量明显升高。结论:艾灸神阙穴可以通过调节反复力竭运动大鼠海马区神经递质,促进神经细胞的功能恢复,改善机体疲劳状态,为今后临床应用提供一定的实验基础。     

Animal models to test drugs with potential antidiabetic activity

Although medicinal plants have been historically used for diabetes treatment throughout the world, few of them have been validated by scientific criteria. Recently, a large diversity of animal models has been developed to better understand the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and new drugs have been introduced in the market to treat this disease. The aim of this work was to review the available animal models of diabetes and some in vitro models which have been used as tools to investigate the mechanism of action of drugs with potential antidiabetic properties. In addition, a MEDLINE/PUBMED search for articles on natural products, pancreatectomy and diabetes mellitus treatment published between 1996 and 2006 was done. In the majority of the studies, natural products mainly derived from plants have been tested in diabetes models induced by chemical agents. This review contributes to the researcher in the ethnopharmacology field to designs new strategies for the development of novel drugs to treat this serious condition that constitutes a global public health.     

卡介菌多糖核酸治疗小儿咳嗽变异性哮喘

目的：观察卡介菌多糖核酸注射液在小儿咳嗽变异性哮喘治疗应用的疗效。方法：将本科40例咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿，随机分为治疗组和对照组（各20例）。治疗组给予BCG—PSN＋必可酮气雾剂，对照组：给予单用必可酮气雾剂吸入，连续吸入6周，观察疗效，并进行统计学处理。结果：治疗组总有效率为95％，对照组总有效率为70％，统计学处理总有效率有显著差异（P〈O．01）。结论：卡介菌多糖核酸（polysaccharide nucleic acidfraction of BCG，BCG—PSN）能有效地控制咳嗽变异性哮喘（CVA）的呼吸道的反复感染，提高免疫功能；与必可酮配合，能有效地控制CVA的复发。     

瑞芬太尼联合硝酸甘油控制性降压在鼻内镜手术中的应用

目的比较瑞芬太尼和瑞芬太尼联合硝酸甘油在全麻下鼻内镜手术中控制性降压效果。方法鼻内镜下鼻息肉、鼻窦炎手术病人共40例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,用随机数字表分为瑞芬组和瑞硝组,每组20例,咪达唑仑、丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼和维库溴铵静脉复合全麻气管插管,2组术中均以瑞芬太尼0.1～0.2μg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1)、丙泊酚2～5 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)持续泵输,维库溴铵4 mg·h~(-1),静脉注射。瑞硝组加用硝酸甘油静脉滴注,开始剂量5μg·min~(-1),调节滴速使收缩压维持在12 kPa(90 mmHg)左右。观察降压前(T_0)、降压后5 min(T_1)、30 min(T_2)、60 min(T_3)和停止降压后5 min(T_4)的收缩压和心率,计算心肌氧耗指数,瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚用量,手术时间和病人苏醒时间。结果2组病人年龄、性别和体重间差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。T_1时2组血压明显下降,与T_0比较,均P<0.01,且瑞硝组降压程度明显大于瑞芬组(P<0.01),降压后的T_1,T_2瑞硝组心率加快,与瑞芬组相比有非常显著意义(P<0.01);降压期的氧耗指数,瑞硝组低于瑞芬组(P<0.05,P<0.01);停止降压后,瑞芬组血压和心率变化与T_3比,无统计学意义(P>0.05),但瑞硝组血压和心率均明显增加(P<0.01);瑞芬组的瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚用量和手术时间明显大于瑞硝组(P<0.01),2组病人的苏醒时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论鼻内镜手术瑞芬太尼在常用剂量范围内作控制性降压虽比较平稳,但难以达到目标血压,联合硝酸甘油后效果明显,并可减少麻醉药用量和手术时间,减少病人医疗费用。     

Circulatory shock in pregnant sheep. I. Effects of endotoxin on uteroplacental and fetal umbilical circulation

The response of the uteroplacental and fetal circulations and oxygen transfer to injection of E. coli endotoxin into the pregnant sheep was investigated. Endotoxin injection into the mother was comprised of three distinct phases: First came a precipitous fall in arterial pressure and uteroplacental blood flow with an increase in uteroplacental vascular resistance. This phase was followed by a progressive recovery period during which flow, pressure, and resistance returned to control values. A third phase occurred during which arterial pressure and uteroplacental blood flow decreased until death of the animal. Despite the marked changes in uteroplacental hemodynamics and a decrease in uteroplacental oxygen transfer, the fetal circulation did not show any major alteration until the terminal phase of shock, when arterial pressure and umbilical flow decreased. There was a fall in fetal oxygen content difference.     

In vitro release of prostaglandins from the human myometrium under the influence of stretching

The spontaneously acting myometrium releases very small quantities of prostaglandin E and prostaglandin F in vitro. After stretching in the perfusion fluid a significant increase is observed in the concentration of PGE and decrease of PGF. The increase in concentration of PGE and the decrease in PGF suggests an enzymatic mechanism rather than an autooxidative conversion of unsaturated fatty acids to prostaglandins.     

In vitro effects of Emko on Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis

The increasing incidence of venereal infections by Neisseria gonorrhoeae prompted the search for a readily available preventive agent. A commercially available contraceptive was tested in vitro against N. gonorrhoeae cultured from symptomatic patients. Concentrations of 1 per cent were lethal at an exposure time of one minute. Dilutions of contraceptive up to 1:10,240 also inhibited the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis. This in vitro testing suggests that the contraceptive foam may be effective in the in vivo situation to prevent the spread of venereal infection.     

Epidemiological differences between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix

Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix was significantly more common than squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix in unmarried patients (relative risk 2.07) and in nulliparous patients (relative risk 1.96). It also occurred more often in women with arterial hypertension (relative risk 3.62), previous subtotal hysterectomy (relative risk 3.89), and agrarian life style (relative risk 2.95). No difference was noted in mean age, age distribution, age at marriage, age at first delivery, menarche, or menopause. No association of adenocarcinoma of the cervix with pregnancy was found. On the basis of common risk factors it is suggested that cervical adenocarcinoma is epidemiologically more closely related to endometrial adenocarcinoma than to squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.