OTC drug advertising in Japan: the role of need for cognition and celebrity endorser credibility

Abstract

This research explores how the level of consumers’ need for cognition (NFC) is associated with celebrity endorser credibility and examines its effects on advertising-related attitudes. A 3 (endorser types: actor/actress, athlete, TV personality/talent) × 2 (endorser’s gender) factorial experiment with 435 Japanese consumers was conducted. Concerning Japanese OTC drug advertising, lower NFC individuals perceived celebrity endorsers as more credible in comparison to higher NFC individuals. The main effects of NFC and endorser type on endorser credibility existed; however, no interaction between the two variables was found. The endorser type had an influence on attitudes toward ads and the advertised brand.     

OTC药评审的法律依据和程序

处方药和非处方药（Ｒｘ＆ＯＴＣ）分类管理制度是由国家法律强制作推行的药品管理制度，药品，制剂或活性成分的ＯＴＣ身分也是根据有关法规，履行法定的审批程序而确立的，我国正在酝酿的Ｒｘ＆ＯＴＣ分类管理制度对公众甚至医学从业人员都是陌生的新事物，在必要通过介绍国外现行该制度是国家的做法，了解有关ＯＴＣ药的立法及药品确立ＯＴＣ身分的合法程序，作为我国将出台的Ｒｘ＆ＯＴＣ分类管理制度的借鉴。     

论处方药向非处方药的成功转换

目的 :为处方药成功转换为非处方药提供思路。方法 :介绍各国处方药向非处方药转换的典型案例 ,分析其成功和失败的原因。结果与结论 :推荐处方药向非处方药成功转换的策略 ;处方药向非处方药转换后的前景取决于一系列因素的未来发展趋势。     

中成药中处方药和非处方药“双跨”品种的风险与管理探讨

中成药"双跨"品种同时具有处方药和非处方药身份,是一类临床应用广泛且容易混淆的药品,充分认识和加强该类药品的风险管理非常必要。该文通过查阅分析双跨品种目录及文献,探讨相关法规,药品包装、标签与说明书及生产、流通和使用等方面存在的问题以及由此构成的潜在风险。建议有关部门完善相关法规,严格控制"双跨"品种审批,完善药品包装、标签和说明书,加强生产、流通、使用环节的管理,提高医患认识,构建并完善"双跨"品种的风险管理体系,以保障公众用药安全。     

Effects of Different Over – the - Counter Whitening Products on the Microhardness,Surface Roughness,Color and Shear Bond Strength of Enamel

ObjectiveThe purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of four over-the-counter (OTC) whitening products on the microhardness, surface roughness, color, shear bond strength (SBS) and surface charecteristics of human enamel compared with a product used for dentist-supervised home whitening.Materials and methodsSeventy eight enamel specimens allocated into 6 groups (n=13): 1-Opalescence PF 10% (OP) dentist prescribed home whitening product, 2-Opalescence Go prefilled tray (PT), 3-Opalescence Whitening Toothpaste (WT), 4-Listerine Healthy White whitening mouth rinse (WMR), 5-Cavex Bite&White whitening pen (WP) and 6- no treatment (Con). The microhardness (VHN), surface roughness (Ra) and color of the specimens were measured (T₀). The specimens were then subjected to whitening protocols for 14 days (T₁.) followed by artificial saliva storage for 14 days (T₂). The measurements were repeated at T₁ and T₂. The SBS test was done after the application of 35% phosphoric acid (Scotchbond Universal Etchant), followed by a universal adhesive (G-Premio Bond) and a micro hybrid/universal resin composite (Essentia) into a Teflon tube attached to the enamel surface (p<0.05). Surface morphologies of the enamel surfaces were examined by SEM. p value was set at 0.05ResultsApplication of OP, PT and WP decrased the microhardness of enamel specimens (p<0.05) whereas, no significant changes were seen in the microhardness of enamel specimens treated with WT and WMR (p>0.05). Ra values of enamel specimens increased with the application of OP, PT and WT (p<0.05); whereas no changes were observed after the applications of WMR and WP (p>0.05). OP, PT, WMR, and WP changed the color of the enamel(p<0.05). There were not any significant differences among the SBSs groups, apart from OP applied enamel specimens. OP showed the least SBS values (p=0.001). SEM observations revealed smooth enamel surfaces.ConclusionsThe whitening products affected the microhardness, surface roughness, color of enamel differently. Only OP decreased the SBS of the enamel.     

中国的非处方药市场──发展政策

本文论述了中国医疗保健市场的概况，不断增长的医药费用及政府的反应，中国的非处方药政策以及正在研究中的有关问题，中国药品零售渠道的状况及发展，中国非处方药潜在的市场给跨国制药公司提供了机遇。     

高校学生对非处方药品说明书理解力调查

目的:了解在校大学生对非处方药(OTC)说明书的理解程度。方法:搜集国产OTC药品复方氯己定漱口水不同厂家的说明书8份,选取其中较为规范的主要项目作为测试内容制作测试问卷。对在校大学生进行问卷调查,应用SPSS 22.0进行统计分析。结果:共对370名大学生进行了问卷调查,有效问卷308份。对适应证的正确理解率最高为96.78%,其次是用法用量和药物相互作用,对不良反应的理解率最低为22.73%,全部理解错误率1.95%(95%CI:0.72%~4.19%),全部正确理解率13.64%(95%CI:10.00%~17.98%)。结论:大学生对药品说明书的理解力有待提高。应加强卫生宣教,提高消费者安全用药意识。在OTC药品被批准上市前进行目标用药人群的说明书理解力测试很有必要,建议尽早制定适于国情的说明书理解力研究指南。     

浅谈广告策略在非处方药市场中的重要性

OTC市场已成为制药企业获得经济收益的重要市场之一.由于OTC是一种特殊的消费品,因此广告策略在营销过程中起着举足轻重的作用.合理运用广告策略,是制药企业在这一市场获得成功的关键.     

日本汉方药企业近十年申请专利的分析及思考——以津村制药和Kracie为例＊

目的 对日本医疗用汉方医药品和一般用汉方医药品市场占有率最大的企业日本津村制药公司和Kracie制药公司2008-2020年间申请的专利内容进行综述，为国内中药经典名方和保健食品研发、知识产权保护提供参考。方法 通过日本专利局的官方检索渠道J-PlatPat平台，检索日本津村制药公司和Kracie制药公司在2008年至2020年间申请的专利，并进行专利布局和技术内容分析。结果 共收集43项日本津村制药公司特许和实用新案专利，其围绕汉方制剂产品全过程质量控制构建了坚实的专利技术体系；共收集52项Kracie制药公司特许和实用新案专利，其致力于功能性制剂和组合物的开发，重点在生活改善、老龄化和癌症等领域进行专利布局，还创建了多种产品功效和功能的客观评价方法。结论 津村制药近十年专利布局提示在中药现代化制造和走向国际的过程中，应把提高品质作为主攻方向，树立持续质量改进理念，完善产品有效性证据链。Kracie制药公司践行的以人为中心的汉方药设计理念，以及精准满足消费者健康需求的研发模式值得借鉴。