三峡地区大学生膳食调查与分析

目的：为开展大学生膳食营养教育提供依据。方法：采用记录和询问相结合的方法对301名大学生进行膳食调查。结果：男生的膳食营养状况比女生好。男生对热能、磷、铁、维生素A和维生素B1的摄入量均超过推荐量（Recommended Nutrient Intake，RNI），蛋白质达到RNI的94％，但钙、维生素B2和维生素C摄入不足，分别达到RNI的54％、71％、69％。女生磷、铁、维生素B1的摄取量超过RNI，维生素A达到RNI的90％，基本满足需要，但蛋白质、能量、钙、维生素B2和维生素C分别达到RNI量的76％、78％、57％和54％。男女生摄入的优质蛋白质均达到总摄入量的41％。男女生均有早上餐能量过低，晚餐量过高的现象。结论：大学生的膳营养水平比以往有所提高，但某些营养素仍严重缺乏，应加强对大学生的膳食营养教育。     

Nutrient Intake following Vertical Banded Gastroplasty or Gastric Bypass

Background: This study explored eating habits, nutrient intake, and blood vitamin and mineral levels to determine whether severely obese subjects (BMI 40-50 kg m⁻²) post-vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) or gastric bypass Roux-en-Y (GBR) are at risk of developing compounded under-nutrition. Methods: A dietary follow-up of 36 VBG and 19 GBR was maintained for 18 months via 7-day food intake diaries and 24-h recalls. Food intake was analysed for energy and nutrient composition and for its relative amount to recommended dietary allowances (RDA). Results: Weight loss was greatest during the first 6 months, continued at a slower rate for the next 6 months, nearly ceasing thereafter. The results following GBR were not substantially different from those following VBG 18 months postoperatively. The median weight loss at 1 year postoperatively was 48, 46, 48 and 36 kg; expressed as residual excess body weight: 0.2, 16, 13 and 22% for GBR Men, Women, VBG Men, Women, respectively. According to the classification proposed by Reinhold, all subjects achieved excellent treatment outcomes 18 months postoperatively. Despite the relatively low reported energy intake (20-50% below RDA), no correlation was found between rate of weight loss and energy intake at 6 months postoperatively. The intake of most vitamins and minerals was below 50% of RDA during the 18 months follow-up. The increase in energy intake did not improve the level of the nonenergy-contributing nutrients. Compliance to multivitamin and mineral supplement intake deteriorated with time. Conclusion: The low to within-normal range of blood vitamin and mineral levels 12 months postoperatively suggests the slow development of subclinical nutritional deficiency which could jeopardize the subjects' long-term health status.     

复合营养素提高机体高原急性缺氧耐力的研究

用两种复合营养制剂对90 名空运入藏战士进行了提高机体急性缺氧耐力的研究。PWC170机能试验、血压、血乳酸、血丙酮酸含量测定及急性高原反应症状调查结果表明, 两种复合营养制剂都有助于维持正常的心血管功能、增强组织有氧代谢和减轻急性高原反应症状, 因此能有效的提高机体急性缺氧耐力, 其中以Ⅱ号配方的作用更佳     

脑泰营养素治疗帕金森病临床疗效观察

[目的]考察脑泰营养素对帕金森病(PD)临床症状的控制和改善。[方法]选择PD病人41例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组采用美多巴治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用脑泰营养素。分别比较两组治疗前后Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y)分级和改良Webster量表评分变化及两组间的疗效差异。[结果]与对照组比较,治疗组的H-Y分级和改良Webster量表评分明显减少(P<0.05),总有效率明显提高(P<0.05)。[结论]在使用美多巴的基础上加用脑泰营养素治疗PD,可明显增强疗效。     

肿瘤患者营养支持药物利用调查分析

目的　了解我院肿瘤患者营养支持药物使用情况。方法　通过调查我院 1999年～ 2 0 0 2年药库明细帐和 2 0 0 2年 10 14份病历 ,用药物利用研究方法 ,分析我院营养支持药物的用药结构、用药合理性等。结果　 4年间这类药物的使用品种、数量、金额上升了 5 8 82 %、71 6 6 %和 2 8 16 % ;在调查病历中 4 9 30 %的肿瘤患者使用了这类药物 ,肠外营养 (PN)和肠内营养 (EN)药物使用数量比为 14∶1;人次比为 13∶1;其中营养不良患者为 19 80 % ;在可判定DDD值的PN药物中 ,大部分DUI值大于 1,EN药物大部分DUI值小于 1。结论　营养支持药物的使用品种、数量、金额 4年间提升很快 ;PN药物的使用数量和人次远高于EN药物 ;对部分患者实施营养支持治疗的适应症掌握令人质疑 ;部分营养支持药物的使用剂量不尽合理。如何合理应用营养支持治疗需要进一步探讨。     

Affordable Nutrient Density in Brazil: Nutrient Profiling in Relation to Food Cost and NOVA Category Assignments

Affordable nutrient density is provided by low-cost and nutrient-rich foods. We explored nutrient density, cost, and NOVA category assignments within and across food groups in Brazil. The nutrient density of the foods (n = 591) was assessed using the Nutrient Rich Food Index (NRF9.3) based on protein, fiber, vitamin A (RAE), vitamin C, vitamin E (mg), Ca, Fe, K and Mg; and NRF6.3 score for priority nutrients: Ca, Fe, Zn, vitamin A, vitamin B12, and folate. Nutrients to limit (LIM) were saturated fat, added sugar, and sodium. Affordability was defined as the ratio of energy and/or nutrient density of foods and retail price per 100 kcal. Foods were classified as minimally processed (n = 106), processed (n = 188), ultra-processed (n = 286), and culinary ingredients (n = 11). Nutrient density was positively linked to per 100 kcal food cost. Ultra-processed foods (UPF) contained more energy, fat, sugar, and salt and had lower NRF scores compared to minimally processed (MPF) foods. UPF was also less expensive than MPF foods. Nutrient-rich foods below the median per 100 kcal costs included MPF foods, but also processed foods (PF) and UPF. Affordable nutrient-rich foods can be found in the different categories of the NOVA classification.     

Rootstock effect on serotonin and nutritional quality of tomatoes produced under low temperature and light conditions

In this study, we explored the capacity of different tomato rootstocks to improve the nutritional value of tomatoes grown in a greenhouse during the winter–spring period under low temperature and light conditions. The results showed that relative to nongrafted plants, some grafted rootstocks either did not affect or had detrimental effects on the nutritional parameters measured. In addition, the amount of serotonin was significantly lower in tomatoes from all grafted rootstocks than in tomatoes from the nongrafted plants. Nevertheless, relative to the nongrafted plants, some grafted treatments increased total macroelements (by 1.16 times), total microelements (by 1.43 times), protein content (by 17%), free total and essential amino acids (by respectively 23% and 19%), total phenolic compounds (by 11%), vitamin C (by 13.8%), lycopene (by 48%), and also total hydrocinnamic acids (by 67%) and flavonoids (by 279%). As the grafted treatments did not increase the tomato yield, we hypothesize that these compounds accumulated in the tomatoes due to the lack of increased biomass, which prevented a dilution effect on the compounds of interest in the fruits.     

Assessing the Public’s Comprehension of Dietary Guidelines: Use of MyPyramid or MyPlate Is Associated with Healthier Diets among US Adults

Background

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) provide a framework for food and nutrition programming in the United States as well as the foundation for individualized dietary guidance. Public utilization of the DGA, specifically the MyPyramid or MyPlate tool, is not well studied.

Nutrition du sportif,apports macronutritionnels en fonction des disciplines

Nutrition and physical training are the main determinants of performance in athletes. If physical training load increases, a change of diet, in reference to the usual dietary intake can be considered. This specific nutrition will be adapted to the basic nutritional rules in healthy subjects with two objectives: firstly, to ensure balance and restoration of the various losses induced by physical training (macro, micronutrients) and secondly, to bring the necessary supplements before, during and after the sport competition in a performance objective. The type of restoration will vary according to the type of sport and multiple parameters should be taken into account: predominant activity (endurance or strength), its intensity and duration. The nutrition strategy will be different during the sport competition and focused on the glucose reserve by promoting its availability during effort with the objective of performance increase.