Associations of park features with park use and park-based physical activity in an urban environment in Asia: A cross-sectional study

Park use is associated with health, yet our understanding of park features related to their use is limited. Singapore's parks were audited for 30 micro-features, then geospatial analysis characterized micro-features scores for parks nearest to participants' homes. Adults (3,435) reported their park use and park-based physical activity. Using linear regression models, we found living near a park with higher micro-features scores was associated with more time in parks and park-based physical activity. Specific micro-features were associated with more park time (wildlife areas, water features, forested areas, unpaved trails (2–2.6 h/month, p < 0.05)) and with physical activity in parks (water features, forested areas, large playground, open green spaces (1.8–2.2 h/month, p < 0.05)). These findings could inform parks planning to support population-health.     

中国“顶刊热”的冷思考:基于40年研究主题的多层次国际比较研究

【目的】 在全球视野下,从宏观、中观、微观层面分析中国顶刊论文研究主题的特征及趋势。【方法】 基于1980—2020年Nature和Science期刊上的研究型论文,利用对比分析法,从时间维度对我国顶刊论文不同层级的研究主题展开国际比较研究。【结果】 中国顶刊论文学科结构沿着与全球趋同的方向演进;中国顶刊论文覆盖的研究领域较少,一些增长型和衰减型研究领域呈现追随全球的显著趋势;中国顶刊论文研究主题多为追随型,起步晚、时滞长。【结论】 高水平研究的发展,不仅需要科研人员更加注重论文的内在质量,科技期刊也应充分发挥“把关人”作用,机构与国家应健全科研评价体系,为推动我国高水平研究提供良好的发展氛围与制度保障。     

凤阳山-百山祖保护区药用蕨类植物资源

凤阳山-百山祖自然保护区自然环境优越，植被保存良好，植物资源丰富，其中具有药用价值的蕨类植物共有79种，按其药效可分为解表类药、清热类药、祛风湿药、利尿类药、驱虫药、止血类药、活血祛疯药、补虚类药、平肝息风药等16类。     

Prosopo-Thoracopagus Conjoined Twins and Other Cephalopagus-Thoracopagus Intermediates: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Prosopo-thoracopagus twins are united from the face down to the umbilicus, none with union in the brain but all with visceral anomalies intermediate between those of cephalopagus and thoracopagus. In a review of over 1200 cases of conjoined twins reported during the past 100 years, there were 14 that illustrate the continuum between cephalopagus and thoracopagus, including three that were united only from the cervical region to the umbilicus. Classic cephalopagus twins are joined from the top of the head to the umbilicus, sharing a single foregut as well as two relatively normal hearts, the “posterior” one often diminished. Typical thoracopagus, however, are conjoined only from the upper thorax to the umbilicus, each twin with a normal foregut but both sharing a single complex multiventricular heart. The intermediate cases shared either a single very abnormal heart or two hearts united by double aortic arches, and all except one had a single foregut. It is these cases intermediate between cephalopagus and thoracopagus which are the subject of this report. Received September 11, 1996; accepted December 16, 1996     

自制NECM修复兔耳廓软骨缺损的试验研究

目的本研究的目的在于评价自制同种异体天然细胞外基质(Nature Extracellular Matrix,NECM)在修复兔耳廓软骨缺损中的价值,从而在体外研究的基础上进一步证实我们采用的去污剂-酶四步法制作的NECM在组织工程学中的可行性.方法选用10只新西兰大白兔,于其双耳廓制造1.0×.0cm大小的软骨缺损后,分别作以下研究:①灰兔NECM修复兔耳廓缺损.②灰兔NECM复合软骨膜修复兔耳廓缺损;③不植任何材料的空白对照.术后4、6、12、24周取材并行组织学检查.结果NECM植入后4、6周有轻重不一的炎症反应,第12周炎症反应消失,NECM周边无包裹现象.第12周时NECM复合软骨膜组有软骨膜细胞长入NECM,此时的软骨膜细胞多处于增殖期,24周时软骨膜细胞继续增殖分化细胞逐渐长入NECM深部,且部分软骨膜细胞发育成熟.单纯NECM修复组,第6周出现纤维结缔组织长入NECM,12、24周纤维结缔组织逐渐长入NECM深部,并逐渐取代NECM.结论①NECM可诱导软骨膜细胞增殖分化生长,修复软骨缺损:②NECM具有较好的组织亲和性和相容性;③软骨膜细胞可以作为NECM再生软骨的种子细胞的来源;④软骨膜可以阻止纤维结缔组织侵入修复区NECM.     

大蒜素对小鼠S180的抑制作用及NK细胞活性的影响

以小鼠Ｓ１８０为动物模型，观察大蒜素对其抑制作用。大蒜素腹腔注射，连续５天，当大蒜素分别给予２５ｍｇ，ｋｇ＾－１，ｄ和５０ｍｇ，ｋｇ＾－１，ｄ时，则抑瘤率分别为３２．１８％（Ｐ〈０．０５）和５８．５２％，（Ｐ〈０．０１），进一步测定小鼠ＮＫ细胞活性，大蒜素组为５１．３２％，对照组为４４．２２％，两组比较差别不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）。本文提示：大蒜素能有效的抑制小鼠Ｓ１８０的生长，但对小鼠ＮＫ细胞活性     

我国教师申诉制度研究综述

教师申诉制度是《教师法》所确立的一项专门保护教师权益的法定救济制度。本文主要对我国学者就教师申诉制度所进行的研究进行综述。结果显示出目前我国对教师申诉问题所进行的研究，主要从教师申诉制度的界定、内容、存在的问题、完善教师申诉制度的建议与对策等几个方面开展。     

松香局部应用对牙本质小管封闭效果的实验研究

目的 观察天然松脂局部应用对牙本质小管的封闭效果以及其浓度效应,为其单独防治牙本质过敏提供实验依据。方法 制备牙本质块80个,采用随机数字表法随为8组,每组10个,酸蚀30 s,分别用无水乙醇,氟涂膜,10%,20%,30%,40%,50%和60%松香乙醇溶液涂布牙本质,场发射扫描电镜观察牙本质表面及剖面的显微形貌,并测量牙本质小管开口面积(ADTO)、牙本质小管开口相对面积(PADTO)和树脂突长度(LTD)。结果 各松香乙醇组ADTO,PADTO均显著低于乙醇组(P＜0.05)。30%,40%,50%和60%松香乙醇组ADTO,PADTO与氟涂膜组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),均显著低于10%和20%松香乙醇组(P＜0.05)。扫描电镜见乙醇组牙本质表面牙本质小管完全开放,管壁较疏松;氟保护漆组牙本质小管完全封闭,未见明显树脂突形成;松香乙醇组牙本质小管呈不同程度封闭,剖面可见长度不等的树脂突形成。结论 松香乙醇溶液局部应用可快速封闭开放的牙本质小管,形成树脂突,且50%松香溶液即可达到较好即刻封堵效果。松香可通过封堵开放的牙本质小管防治牙本质过敏。     

款冬花药用历史的本草考证及沿革变迁

款冬花首载于《神农本草经》,历代本草专著和方书典籍中有关其药用历史的记载十分丰富,是临床中常用的止咳化痰药。目前,关于款冬花的基原、产地、规格等级等已有较多综述,但性味、功效记载的变迁,以及古代应用的考证及现代应用的评述未见相关综述。性味是中药药性理论的核心部分,反映中药性质、性能,是临症治法、遣药组方的重要依据。此外,历代典籍中记载了大量的款冬花方剂和应用,有值得深入挖掘的价值。     

B cell elimination in systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder with a worldwide distribution, potentially life-threatening with considerable morbidity. The elimination of pathogenic B cells has emerged as a rational therapeutic option. Many open label studies have reported encouraging results in which clinical and serological remission have invariably been described, often enabling the reduction of steroid and immunosuppressive treatment. However, the results from randomized controlled studies have been disappointing and several questions remain to be answered. In this review we will focus on results of B cell direct depletion in the treatment of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.