嘉兴市新居民儿童心理发育行为问题及影响因素分析

目的调查嘉兴市新居民儿童心理发育行为问题及影响因素，为改善新居民儿童心理健康提供理论依据。方法随机抽取新居民儿童548例，本地儿童1248例，采用自编量表评估儿童家庭影响因素，长处与困难问卷评估儿童心理发育行为问题，心理痛苦温度计评估主观心理痛苦程度，儿童心理虐待与忽视量表评估家庭教养方式，社会支持量表评估社会支持程度。结果新居民儿童主观评定心理痛苦程度高于本地儿童（P=0.002）。新居民儿童亲社会化行为低于本地儿童（P=0.000），多动/注意缺陷问题高于本地儿童（P=0.011）。儿童忽视虐待量表本地儿童5个因子得分低于新居民儿童：责骂因子（P=0.000）、恐吓因子（P=0.000）、情感忽视因子（P=0.000）、教育忽视因子（P=0.000）、身体忽视因子（P=0.000）。社会支持量表本地儿童3个因子得分均高于新居民儿童：客观支持（P=0.032）、主观支持（P=0.000）、对支持的利用度（P=0.000）。新居民儿童在新居民儿童学校、混合学校、本地儿童学校的3类学校中亲社会化行为、忽视因子、虐待因子、社会支持均有统计学差异（均P＜0.05）。结论新居民儿童较本地儿童心理发育行为明显落后，良好的家庭教养方式和有效的社会支持系统能够更快更好地促进其身心发育。     

Neighbourhood migrant composition and tobacco-related cancer mortality: A census-linked study among five origin groups in urban Belgium

We studied the role of ‘ethnic density’ in the neighbourhood for tobacco-related cancer mortality among five migrant origin groups in urban Belgium. Using full population linked census data, multilevel Poisson models were applied to model effects of three linear and categorical indicators of same-origin presence for each origin group, and to test effect mediation by migrant generation and educational level. We first of all found that increased same migrant-origin presence in the neighbourhood had protective effects on tobacco-related cancer mortality for men in most groups. Second, only Turkish men had a mortality disadvantage when Turkish concentration was higher. Third, effects were not detected across all indicators of same-origin presence, nor among most groups of women. Finally, for several groups, neighbourhood effects were mediated by generational status and educational level.     

苏州市流动人口吸烟行为及烟草危害认知现况调查

目的 了解苏州市流动人口吸烟行为及对烟草危害认知现况,为苏州市制定控烟措施提供科学依据。方法 在苏州市全域,采用PPS抽样方法共抽取1 800名流动人口进行调查。调查问卷采用《江苏省成人烟草流行调查》,采取面对面PAD调查。应用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据分析。结果 2019年苏州市流动人口现在吸烟率为23.07%,每日吸烟率为19.44%,日平均吸烟量为（11.71±9.41）支。其中男性现在吸烟率为40.00%,每日吸烟率不同分组中农民最高（χ2 = 13.624, P = 0.003）,跨省流动高于省内流动（χ2 = 9.448, P = 0.002）,集中居住人群均高于其余人群（χ2 = 22.814, P＜0.001）,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。戒烟率为24.23%,戒烟意愿比较低。对吸烟引起的中风、心脏病和阳痿的知晓率分别为68.09%,66.45%和49.18%。对二手烟引起的成人心脏疾病、儿童肺部疾病和成人肺癌的知晓率分别为74.82%,90.81%,90.46%。仅有17.86%的人群正确认识低焦油卷烟危害。结论 苏州市流动人口吸烟率较高,戒烟意愿比较低,对吸烟危害认知不足,需针对男性、中老年及集中居住等重点人群采取控烟宣传干预措施。     

苏州市4～5岁流动人口家庭儿童行为问题与家庭环境关系的研究

目的了解苏州市4～5岁流动人口家庭儿童行为问题发生率与家庭环境关系。方法采用Achenbach’s儿童行为量表、自制家庭环境问卷对244名4～5岁流动人口家庭儿童和282名4—5岁常驻儿童的行为及家庭环境进行调查，对结果进行多元回归分析。结果流动人口家庭儿童行为问题发生率明显高于常驻儿童。影响流动人口家庭儿童行为问题的因素有父母职业、婚姻状况、母亲的生育年龄、是否为亲生母亲和独生子女、家庭经济收入、家庭结构、儿童健康状况、主要抚养人以及学历等。这些影响存在明显的性别差异。结论提示要加强流动人口家庭儿童的心理卫生宣传教育和管理，可通过改善家庭环境因素，帮助儿童建立良好的行为，减少行为问题的发生。     

Patterns of abuse amongst Sri Lankan women returning home after working as domestic maids in the Middle East: An exploratory study of medico-legal referrals

ObjectiveMigrant worker abuse is well recognised, but poorly characterised within the scientific literature. This study aimed to explore patterns of abuse amongst Sri Lankan women returning home after working as domestic maids.MethodsSri Lanka has over 2 million of its citizens employed overseas as international labor migrants. A cross-sectional study was conducted on Sri Lankan female domestic maids returning from the Middle East region who were referred for medico-legal opinion.ResultsA total of 20 women were included in the study. Average length of their employment overseas was 14 months. Complaints of physical violence directed mainly through their employers were made by 60% of women. Upon physical examination, two-thirds had evidence of injuries, with a third being subjected to repetitive/systematic violence. Eighty percent suffered some form of psychological trauma. Personal identity papers and travel documents had been confiscated by the employer in 85% of cases, with two thirds indicating they were prevented and/or restricted from leaving their place of work/residence.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that female domestic maid abuse manifests through multiple pathways. Violence against such workers span the full spectrum of physical, financial, verbal, emotional abuse and neglect, as defined by the World Health Organization. Findings from this exploratory study cannot be generalized to the large volume of migrant worker outflows. Further research is needed to determine incidence and define patterns in other migrant worker categories such as low-skilled male workers.     

Hepatitis C prevalence among the migrant population in Spain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction

Spain, which has one of the largest migrant populations in Europe, has committed to eliminating the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HCV among migrant groups in Spain, a country of 46 million people, with an estimated HCV-antibody prevalence of 1.7%.

深圳市宝安区流动人口肺结核患者成功治疗情况及影响因素分析

目的 探讨流动人口肺结核患者成功治疗的影响因素,为制定干预措施、改善治疗效果提供理论依据.方法 以2009-2013年在深圳市宝安区接受治疗的流动人口肺结核患者为研究对象,比较成功与未成功治疗患者在人口学特征、诊断结果、管理方式等方面的差异,同时采用非条件logistic回归分析探讨成功治疗的影响因素.结果 2009-2013年深圳市宝安区流动人口结核病患者的成功治疗率为86.06％.成功治疗与未成功治疗患者在年龄、职业、来源、就诊时间、诊断结果、治疗分类、是否系统管理和有无空洞的构成方面存在显著差异;多因素非条件logistic回归分析显示,年龄为20～40岁.职业为家政、家务及待业,无空洞是成功治疗的保护因素,OR(95％ CI)分别为1.463(1.225～1.748)、1.229(1.037～1.455)和1.459(1.216～1.752);而转诊、诊断结果阳性和复治患者是成功治疗的危险因素,OR(95％ CI)分别为0.808(0.677～0.963)、0.567(0.461～0.698)和0.495(0.389～0.630).结论 各种因素导致的流动人口结核病患者未成功治疗是结核病防治工作中的重要问题,应当引起关注,采取针对性干预措施有利于提高流动人口结核病患者成功治疗率.     

外出务工妇女与户籍妇女孕前保健知识知晓及服务获得情况比较分析

目的:调查外出务工育龄妇女对出生缺陷预防和孕前优生健康检查的知晓和服务获得状况,为建立适宜高效的一级预防干预模式提供技术支持和依据。方法:对2013年3~8月在广东部分地区计划生育技术服务机构接受孕前优生健康检查服务的育龄妇女进行出生缺陷预防知识和孕前优生健康检查服务相关问卷调查。结果:调查对象外出务工组378名,户籍地常住组401名。779名对象年龄25.19±3.34岁。两组对象年龄、受教育程度和职业构成均无统计学差异(P均0.05)。调查对象对于出生缺陷的原因和预防措施及孕前优生服务项目等了解不全面。户籍地常住组对象对于如何获取这些免费服务的认知程度以及对孕前优生健康检查中地中海贫血筛查的意义知晓度明显高于外出务工组(P均0.05)。户籍地常住组对象出生缺陷预防知识得分高于外出务工组,且得分与对象受教育程度明显相关。结论:加强流动人口流入地出生缺陷相关知识科普宣传和孕前保健服务的提供,有利于提高目标人群出生缺陷一级预防效果。     

Mineurs non accompagnés accueillis au centre psychiatrique d’orientation et d’accueil de l’hôpital Sainte-Anne,Paris

Since its creation, the Psychiatric Guidance and Reception Centre (CPOA) has received and cared for patients aged 16 to 18. Among them, the rate of Unaccompanied Minor Refugees (UMR) has steadily increased, from 10% in 2016 to 12% in 2018. Meeting UMR patients most often occurs at the peak of their crisis, when their personal resources are overwhelmed and when they experience a severe state of psychological suffering. Our objective was to understand who UMR are concerning the particularities and the similarities they could share at clinical and therapeutic levels with other adolescents. We conducted a retrospective and observational cohort study of the 52 UMR received at the CPOA in 2018 in order to draw a portrait of them, to identify the specificities of their care, their guidance and their access to care, and to compare them with other young non UMR patients. UMR we met at CPOA in 2018 were most often boys aged 16 to 17, with limited resources and in great psychological distress. UMR had more suicidal behaviors (19%) than other minor patients (13%), and our results showed more prolonged consultations for UMR than non UMR at the CPOA (44% versus 41%), indicating that the isolated situation of UMRs complicates their ambulatory support. This study also allowed us to question the existence of emergency care specially dedicated to UMR. Although there are few recommendations to date, it seems important to reintroduce time into their care, in order to recreate a unit, which has sufficient place and time for these young patients whose lives are marked by many breakdowns.     

Multilingual healthcare communication: Stumbling blocks,solutions, recommendations

ObjectiveTo provide guidance on multilingual and language discordant healthcare communication.DiscussionWe provide a critical reflection on common stumbling blocks to securing (professional) language support, as well as on the currently available solutions to language discordance in healthcare. We discuss issues pertaining to i) the assessment of the patient and healthcare professional’s language proficiency, ii) the decision making on whether to seek language support, iii) the currently available options of language support and the development of skills that ensure their effective use, iv) the inclusion of professional interpreters in the interprofessional healthcare team, and v) the transition from single- to integrated language support solutions that allow for a more comprehensive approach to multilingual healthcare communication. We present a set of recommendations for good practice.ConclusionUnderstanding the needs, capabilities and shortcoming of the available language- support solutions and the implications arising from them can enable decision makers to make informed decisions that ensure the quality of communication and care. The integrated use of language-support solutions at different stages of care can create the conditions for effective communication, while promoting patient and family participation in the decision making process. Evidence-based interventions that can inform the implementation of solutions are required.