Brachytherapy: An emblematic example of extreme hypofractionated regimen

In order to provide more convenient irradiation regimens for patient comfort, radiation facility organization and health expenses, new hypofractionated protocols have been evaluated. Moderately (dose/fraction: 2.3 to 3 Gy), then ultra (dose/fraction: 5.2 to 6.1 Gy) hypofractionated irradiations were first validated. The current question is: is it possible to go forward using extreme hypofractionated regimens (EHR) based on 1 to 3 fractions. Different irradiation techniques are under investigation. However, brachytherapy remains the smartest way to deliver a high dose in a small volume. We report prospective and retrospective study results which evaluated EHR for breast and prostate brachytherapy. While oncological outcome and toxicity profile appear extremely encouraging for low-risk breast cancer after a 1 to 4 fractions (6.25 to 20 Gy/fraction), the use of a single fraction of 19 to 23 Gy appears debatable for prostate cancer. Brachytherapy represents an emblematic example of EHR but longer follow-up and more mature results are awaited in order to specify the right indications and refine the EQD2 calculation method including new biological and technical factors.     

Buscando o motivo da instabilidade hemodinâmica: relato de caso sobre o papel do ultrassom intraoperatório

Background and objectives

A prompt and effective management of trauma patient is necessary. The aim of this case report is to highlight the importance of intraoperative echocardiography as a useful tool in patients suffering from refractory hemodynamic instability no otherwise explained.

Intraoperative cerebral blood flow monitoring in neurosurgery: A review of contemporary technologies and emerging perspectives

Intraoperative monitoring of cerebral blood flow (CBF) has become an invaluable adjunct to vascular and oncological neurosurgery, reducing the risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Several technologies have been developed during the last two decades, including laser-based techniques, videomicroscopy, intraoperative MRI, indocyanine green angiography, and thermography. Although these technologies have been thoroughly studied and clinically applied outside the operative room, current practice lacks an optimal technology that perfectly fits the workflow within the neurosurgical operative room. The different available technologies have specific strengths but suffer several drawbacks, mainly including limited spatial and/or temporal resolution. An optimal CBF monitoring technology should meet particular criteria for intraoperative use: excellent spatial and temporal resolution, integration in the operative workflow, real-time quantitative monitoring, ease of use, and non-contact technique. We here review the main contemporary technologies for intraoperative CBF monitoring and their current and potential future applications in neurosurgery.     

改良三点式重睑成形术的临床应用研究

目的:探讨改良三点式重睑术的临床应用疗效。方法:2012年6月-2019年6月,共165例单睑患者采用了改良三点式重睑术,沿术前标记线将三点处皮肤切开,剪刀将切口下唇的眼轮匝肌适当去除,同时将切口与切口在皮下层打通,剪除切口与切口之间的眼轮匝肌,6-0可吸收线挂睑板前筋膜或提上睑肌腱膜及切口下唇皮下组织缝合,三点切口各缝1针。再用6-0单丝尼龙线按照常规重睑线缝合方法挂切口下唇皮肤、睑板前筋膜或提上睑肌腱膜及切口上唇皮肤缝合打结,三点切口各缝1针。伴内眦赘皮者同时行内眦赘皮矫正术。结果:152例患者获得随访,随访患者大部分获得了比较满意的重睑,睁眼重睑流畅、自然,闭眼刀口痕迹不明显。2例患者出现内侧重睑线变浅,1例患者出现外侧重睑线变浅,所有患者均未出现重睑消失。5例患者双侧重睑线有轻度不对称。患者总体满意率为94.7%(144/152)。结论:改良三点式重睑术具有创伤小、并发症少、效果逼真、不易脱落、手术痕迹不明显等优点,值得推广应用。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗老年胆囊炎患者的分析

目的观察在治疗老年急性胆囊炎患者采取开腹手术与腹腔镜手术的治疗效果并分析。方法将2017年1月—2018年9月期间医院收治的74例急性胆囊炎患者采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,对照组37例采取开腹手术治疗,观察组37例采取腹腔镜治疗,对比两组治疗效果。结果观察组并发症发生率5.4%、治疗总有效率97.3%优于对照组的24.3%、78.4%,P<0.05。观察组术中出血量(15.7±3.4)mL、手术时间(40.7±4.4)min、住院时间(7.1±1.8)d、术后肠道恢复时间(3.3±1.2)d均低于对照组的(46.4±3.5)mL、(68.6±14.7)min、(12.6±2.3)d、(6.1±1.5)d,P<0.05。观察组躯体疼痛(87.3±0.5)分、总体健康(85.2±1.2)分、精神状况(86.4±1.3)分、社会活动评分(90.2±1.3)分均高于于对照组(78.3±1.2)分、(70.3±10.8)分、(71.3±0.5)分、(75.5±2.1)分,对比有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜手术治疗老年急性胆囊炎患者效果良好,可有效减少患者病程,促进康复和提高生活质量,值得推广。     

基于自动勾画和快速蒙特卡罗计算的放射治疗全身器官剂量数据库平台的可行性研究

目的:探讨建立一种放射治疗全身器官剂量数据库平台的可行性。方法:使用基于深度学习的自动勾画软件DeepViewer?1例食管癌患者的全身CT上勾画全身器官，然后利用基于GPU加速的蒙特卡罗软件ARCHER计算相应的器官剂量分布，最后利用Lyman-Kutcher-Burman（LKB）模型评估放疗患者正常组织并发症概率（NTCP）。结果:针对该病例，成功建立基于DeepViewer?ARCHER和LKB模型的全身器官剂量数据库，发现距离靶区越近的器官剂量越大，其中心脏与靶区间距离最小，剂量为14.11 Gy，但因其模型参数特殊，通过LKB模型计算的NTCP为0.00%；左、右肺的剂量分别为3.19和1.16 Gy，但是NTCP值却很大，分别为2.13%和1.60%。对于距离靶区较远的头颈部器官（视交叉、视神经和眼）和腹部器官（直肠、膀胱和股骨头）剂量分别约为9和2 mGy，并且NTCP均近似为0.00%。结论:研究结果证明通过自动勾画软件DeepViewer?蒙特卡罗软件ARCHER和LKB模型建立全身器官剂量数据库的可行性。     

经纤支镜气道内膜下注射药物治疗对支气管内膜结核患者并发症的影响

目的探讨纤支镜气道注射药物治疗对支气管内膜结核患者并发症的影响。方法选择2018年1月—2019年1月在湖北省潜江市中心医院治疗的支气管内膜结核患者66例,分为对照组和研究组各33例。对照组给予药物雾化吸入疗法,研究组经过纤支镜气道内膜下注射药物治疗。比较两组治疗效果和症状缓解的影响。结果研究组总有效率为90.91%,对照组总有效率为84.85%,研究组的治疗效果均高于对照组(P<0.05);对照组并发症发生率为39.39%,研究组并发症发生率18.18%,研究组并发症发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论经纤支镜气道内膜下注射药物治疗支气管内膜结核患者并发症的发生率较小。