白洋淀上游蓄污工程沿岸地下水污染状况及对居民健康影响的调查

白洋淀污染一直是国家和河北省所关注的问题，对白洋淀上游蓄污工程沿岸小环境调查表明；饮用深层地下水受到城市工业废水的污染，主要污染物为有机物。污染区儿童贫血率、白细胞计数、舒张压高于非污染区，白细胞吞噬率低于非污染区，居民恶性肿瘤标化死亡比高于非污染区，肝癌标化死亡比明显上升。     

Interactions of halogenated industrial chemicals with transthyretin and effects on thyroid hormone levels in vivo

Previous results in experimental systems have suggested that hydroxylated PCBs may decrease thyroid hormone levels through associative interaction with transthyretin. In the present paper it was investigated whether this property was also shared by various industrial chemicals, mainly pesticides. In total, 65 compounds from 12 chemical groups were analyzed for direct interference with the T4 binding site of transthyretin using a competitive binding assay. Sixty per cent of the compounds were competitive at a concentration level of 100 M. Relatively strong interactions were observed by several chlorophenols, chlorophenoxy acids and nitrophenols, as well as by individual compounds such as hexachlorobenzene, dicofol, bromoxynil and tetrachlorohydroquinone. Examples from these chemical groups, e.g. pentachlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid, dinoseb and bromoxynil, also reduced plasma TT4 levels in rats. In addition, bromoxynil decreased plasma TT3 levels. The results suggest the existence of a number of halogenated industrial chemicals with a potential for lowering plasma thyroid hormone levels through interference with hormone transport carriers.     

服务用户，关爱患者——浅谈医疗器械的造型设计

本文通过阐述了进行医疗器械的造型设计的关键，是要以人为本，即从用户和患者的角度出发，从解决实际问题入手，来考虑人-机-环境的合理化运用，这样才能使产品在市场上受到欢迎。     

厂矿企业实施职工健康促进的现状研究——关于企业职工健康促进干预方案的建议

目的对在昆明市厂矿企业实施职业健康促进提出针对性建议。方法综合分析昆明市20个厂矿企业的1432名职工进行健康促进现况调查的结果。结果开展职业健康促进,提高职工整体健康水平必须采取综合干预措施,包括(1)加强领导,加强社区行动;(2)制定健康的公共政策,强化考核;(3)采取多种形式,提高职工自我保健技能;(4)创造支持性环境,维护职工身体健康。结论完善的企业健康促进方案有利于提高职工的健康水平,并可以为今后健康教育的实施、监测和效果评价奠定基础。     

曲靖市某磷酸盐厂"三废"中的氟对周围人群健康的影响

目的了解曲靖市某磷酸盐厂排出“三废”中的氟对周围人群影响情况。方法当地疾病控制与监督部门于1998年对该厂周围的虹桥、耿屯、望城、螃蟹坡4个村人群进行随机抽样调查。结果尿氟>3 mg/L检出率分别为1.72%、23.44%、33.33%,16.13%。发现低年龄组患氟斑牙比较严重,4个村检出率分别为45.16%、64.52%、72.73%、81.25%,而高年龄组患氟骨症比较明显。结论有关部门必须加强对该厂废气排放的管理。     

Mutagenic activity in waste from an aluminum products factory in Salmonella/microsome assay

The mutagenic activity of waste material originating from an aluminum products factory was determined by the Salmonella/microsome assay, using the bacterial strains TA100, TA98 and YG1024. The material was obtained by sweeping the factory floor at the end of the work shift. Organic compounds were extracted by ultrasound for 30 min in dichloromethane or 70% ethanol. After evaporation of solvent, these extracts were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide, and tested for the mutagenic activity at varying concentrations. All the extracts from the factory had mutagenic activity, especially in the YG1024 strain, suggesting the presence of aromatic amines, later confirmed by chemical analysis. The TA98 strain also showed mutagenic activity, though it did not exhibit the highest mutagenicity index observed with the YG1024 strain. In TA100, mutagenic activity was not observed. This study should serve as an alert to management and those who are occupationally exposed, and as a warning that this type of waste should not be discarded in the environment without any control.     

菌核净的抗雄激素作用及机制的研究

目的　确定有机杂环类杀菌剂菌核净是否具有抗雄激素作用并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法　采用体内和体外相结合的方法 :体内实验采用经典的Hershberger试验 ,菌核净经口给药剂量为 50、10 0、2 0 0mg·kg- 1·d- 1;体外实验采用雄激素依赖基因转录活化试验 ,将人雄激素受体 (AR)表达质粒、AR 依赖荧光素酶报告质粒同时瞬时转染HepG2细胞 ,加入菌核净或已知抗雄激素 ,同时加或不加一定浓度的双氢睾酮以诱导荧光素酶基因的表达。结果　体内实验中 ,菌核净与已知抗雄激素一样能引起雄激素依赖组织重量明显降低 :染菌核净 2 0 0mg/kg组大鼠精囊腺、腹侧前列腺、背后侧前列腺、尿道球腺、提肛肌加球海绵体肌重量分别比溶剂对照组低 57.8%、44.8%、43 .9%、3 0 .1%、3 4 .1%。菌核净对雄激素依赖组织生长的抑制作用弱于氟他胺和腐霉利 ,但强于异菌脲。体外实验中 ,菌核净能抑制双氢睾酮依赖的AR活力 ,并呈现剂量 -反应关系 (r =-0 .952 3 ,P =0 .0 47)。菌核净的抑制作用较氟他胺弱 ,约为氟他胺的 1/10 0。结论　菌核净具有抗雄激素作用 ,是AR拮抗剂 ,其抗雄激素作用强度弱于氟他胺、腐霉利 ,但强于异菌脲     

The order and priority of research and design method application within an assistive technology new product development process: a summative content analysis of 20 case studies

Summative content analysis was used to define methods and heuristics from each case study. The review process was in two parts: (1) A literature review to identify conventional research methods and (2) a summative content analysis of published case studies, based on the identified methods and heuristics to suggest an order and priority of where and when were used. Over 200 research and design methods and design heuristics were identified. From the review of the 20 case studies 42 were identified as being applied. The majority of methods and heuristics were applied in phase two, market choice. There appeared a disparity between the limited numbers of methods frequently used, under 10 within the 20 case studies, when hundreds were available.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• The communication highlights a number of issues that have implication for those involved in assistive technology new product development:

• ?The study defined over 200 well-established research and design methods and design heuristics that are available for use by those who specify and design assistive technology products, which provide a comprehensive reference list for practitioners in the field;

• ?The review within the study suggests only a limited number of research and design methods are regularly used by industrial design focused assistive technology new product developers; and,

• ?Debate is required within the practitioners working in this field to reflect on how a wider range of potentially more effective methods and heuristics may be incorporated into daily working practice.