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1.
Todd M. Getz 《Transfusion and apheresis science》2019,58(1):12-15
Platelet transfusions are a life-saving medical intervention used for the treatment of thrombocytopenia or hemorrhage. Extensive research has gone into trying to understand how to store platelets prior to the transfusion event. Much has been learned about storage bag materials, synthetic solutions, and how temperature impacts platelet viability and function. While room temperature storage of platelets preserves 24-hour in vivo platelet recovery and survival there is a greater risk for bacterial growth. Therefore, cold storage of platelets has become attractive due to the reduction in potential bacterial proliferation and the maintenance of platelet function beyond 5 days of storage. Cold stored platelets, however, have their own set of challenges. Cold stored platelets become activated through several mechanisms. The morphological and molecular changes that occur due to cold exposure enhance their ability to participate in the hemostatic process at the cost of rapid clearance from circulation. This review focuses on the underlying mechanisms leading to cold platelet activation and the receptor modifications involved in platelet clearance. 相似文献
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3.
《Clinical neurophysiology》2019,130(12):2231-2237
ObjectiveThe clinical and neurophysiological characteristics of myoclonus in Angelman syndrome (AS) have been evaluated in single case or small cohorts, with contrasting results. We evaluated the features of myoclonus in a wide cohort of AS patients.MethodsWe performed polygraphic EEG-EMG recording in 24 patients with genetically confirmed AS and myoclonus. Neurophysiological investigations included jerk-locked back-averaging (JLBA), cortico-muscular coherence (CMC) and generalised partial directed coherence (GPDC). CMC and GPDC analyses were compared to those obtained from 10 healthy controls (HC).ResultsTwenty-four patients (aged 3–35 years, median 20) were evaluated. Sequences of quasi-continuous rhythmic jerks mostly occurred at alpha frequency or just below (mean 8.4 ± 1.4 Hz), without EEG correlate. JLBA did not show any clear transient preceding the jerks. CMC showed bilateral over-threshold CMC in alpha band that was prominent on the contralateral hemisphere in the patient group as compared to HC group. GPDC showed a significantly higher alpha outflow from both hemispheres toward activated muscles in the patient group, and a significantly higher beta outflow from contralateral hemisphere in the HC group.ConclusionsThese neurophysiological findings suggest a subcortical generator of myoclonus in AS.SignificanceMyoclonus in AS has not a cortical origin as previously hypothesised. 相似文献
4.
Chien-Hua Tseng Ben-Jei Tsuang Chun-Ju Chiang Kai-Chen Ku Jeng-Sen Tseng Tsung-Ying Yang Kuo-Hsuan Hsu Kun-Chieh Chen Sung-Liang Yu Wen-Chung Lee Tsang-Wu Liu Chang-Chuan Chan Gee-Chen Chang 《Journal of thoracic oncology》2019,14(5):784-792
Introduction
For never-smokers (smoked <100 lifetime cigarettes), lung cancer (LC) has emerged as an important issue. We aimed to investigate the effects of prevalence changes in tobacco smoking and particulate matter (PM) 2.5 (PM2.5) levels on LC in Taiwan, in relation to contrasting PM2.5 levels, between Northern Taiwan (NT) and Southern Taiwan (ST).Methods
We reviewed 371,084 patients with LC to assess smoking prevalence and correlations between the incidence of adenocarcinoma lung cancer (AdLC) and non-AdLC. Two subsets were selected to assess different AdLC stage trends and the effect of PM2.5 on survival of patients with AdLC.Results
From 1995 to 2015, the proportion of male adult ever-smokers decreased from 59.4% to 29.9% whereas the female smoking rate remained low (3.2% to 5.3%). AdLC incidence in males and females increased from 9.06 to 23.25 and 7.05 to 24.22 per 100,000 population, respectively. Since 1993, atmospheric visibility in NT improved (from 7.6 to 11.5 km), but deteriorated in ST (from 16.3 to 4.2 km). The annual percent change in AdLC stages IB to IV was 0.3% since 2009 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.9%–2.6%) in NT, and 4.6% since 2007 (95% CI: 3.3%–5.8%) in ST; 53% patients with LC had never smoked. Five-year survival rates for never-smokers, those with EGFR wild-type genes, and female patients with AdLC were 12.6% in NT and 4.5% in ST (hazard ratio: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.70–0.90).Conclusions
In Taiwan, greater than 50% of patients with LC had never smoked. PM2.5 level changes can affect AdLC incidence and patient survival. 相似文献5.
6.
Lingual lymph nodes are an inconstant group of in-transit nodes, which are located on the route of lymph drainage from the tongue mucosa to the regional nodes in neck levels I and II. There is growing academic data on the metastatic spread of oral cancer, particularly regarding the spreading of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma to lingual nodes. These nodes are not currently included in diagnostic and treatment protocols for oral tongue cancer. Combined information on surgical anatomy, clinical observations, means of detection, and prognostic value is presented. Anatomically obtained incidence of lingual nodes ranges from 8.6% to 30.2%. Incidence of lingual lymph node metastasis ranges from 1.3% to 17.1%. It is clear that lymph nodes that bear intervening tissues from the floor of the mouth should be removed to improve loco-regional control. Extended resection volume, which is required for the surgical treatment of lingual node metastasis, cannot be implied to every tongue cancer patient. As these lesions significantly influence prognosis, special efforts of their detection must be made. Reasonably, every tongue cancer patient must be investigated for the existence of lingual lymph node metastasis. Lymphographic tracing methods, which are currently implied for sentinel lymph node biopsies, may improve the detection of lingual lymph nodes. 相似文献
7.
Martina A. Steurer Jean Costello Rebecca J. Baer Scott P. Oltman Sky K. Feuer Tania Pacheco-Werner Elizabeth Rogers Marta M. Jankowska Jessica Block Molly McCarthy Matthew S. Pantell Christina Chambers Kelli K. Ryckman Laura L. Jelliffe-Pawlowski 《Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology》2020,34(2):130-138
8.
《Vaccine》2020,38(39):6141-6152
Influenza vaccination is considered the most valuable means to prevent and control seasonal influenza infections, which causes various clinical symptoms, ranging from mild cough and fever to even death. Among various influenza vaccine types, the inactivated subunit type is known to provide improved safety with reduced reactogenicity. However, there are some drawbacks associated with inactivated subunit type vaccines, with the main ones being its low immunogenicity and the induction of Th2-biased immune responses. In this study, we investigated the role of a single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) derived from the intergenic region in the internal ribosome entry site of the Cricket paralysis virus as an adjuvant rather than the universal vaccine for a seasonal inactivated subunit influenza vaccine. The ssRNA adjuvant stimulated not only well-balanced cellular (indicated by IgG2a, IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α) and humoral (indicated by IgG1 and IL-4) immune responses but also a mucosal immune response (indicated by IgA), a key protector against respiratory virus infections. It also increases the HI titer, the surrogate marker of influenza vaccine efficacy. Furthermore, ssRNA adjuvant confers cross-protective immune responses against heterologous influenza virus infection while promoting enhanced viral clearance. Moreover, ssRNA adjuvant increases the number of memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which can be expected to induce long-term immune responses. Therefore, this ssRNA-adjuvanted seasonal inactivated subunit influenza vaccine might be the best influenza vaccine generating robust humoral and cellular immune responses and conferring cross-protective and long-term immunity. 相似文献
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10.
颅底中线区大型和巨大型脑膜瘤的显微手术切除 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
目的探讨颅底中线区不同部位大型和巨大型脑膜瘤手术入路和切除方式,并分析特殊类型脑膜瘤手术治疗方法。方法本组93例,男性26例,女性67例;平均年龄48.4岁。术前行神经影像学检查,根据肿瘤部位,选择相应手术入路,采用显微手术切除肿瘤。结果肿瘤全切除80例(86.02%),大部分切除13例(13.98%),死亡1例(10.75%)。除单条颅神经功能术前完全丧失外,术后神经功能改善者75例(81.52%),不变者10例(10.86%),加重者7例(7.6%)。经6月 ̄7年随访,13例(14.13%)肿瘤复发。结论颅底中线区大型和巨大型脑膜瘤手术切除难度大。要取得良好的手术效果,必须选择正确手术入路,采用分块切除方式,精心保护重要血管和神经。 相似文献