对一宗入境二级放射货包的监测结果分析

汕头卫生检疫局空港处对汕头航空口岸—宗入境二级货包的监测过程及对有关运输工作人员作了放射知识问卷调查。从中发现。运输单位货物存放设施落后。有关工作人员放射卫生知识欠缺，对放射污染可能造成的危害缺乏正确的认识。为此，笔者提出了自己的看法，以期对放射监测工作的进一步完善提供参考。     

Aspects of imported malaria at a district general hospital in non-endemic Kuwait,Arabian Gulf

There is no indigenous mosquito-borne transmission of malaria in Kuwait. However, in a five year period at a district general hospital, the number of laboratory-diagnosed cases of malaria increased annually from 25 to 84, a rise of 336%. Except for two induced infections, all were imported, mainly from the Indian subcontinent. Plasmodium vivax was responsible for 87.29% of the cases; P. falciparum (12.05%), a mixed infection of P. vivax and P. falciparum (0.33%) and a case of P. ovale (0.33%) were also identified. Rapid preparation of acetone-fixed, Giemsa-stained thick blood films, a heightened awareness of the infection, examination of multiple samples of blood from patients and the general resurgence of malaria in endemic areas were some of the factors responsible for the high number of cases diagnosed. Most patients were young males and presented with clinical malaria due to P. vivax between May and October each year, an apparent seasonal peak. However, many were already resident in the country for a variable period. Patients with P. falciparum though, presented clinically within two weeks of arrival in the country. Parasite densities were calculated to monitor the progress of treatment and identify quickly any possible chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum strains. A policy of active prophylaxis is suggested to stem the tide of imported malaria.Corresponding author.     

In vivo and in vitro comparison of fire ant venom and fire ant whole body extract

Thirty-four patients with a history of immediate hypersensitivity to the sting of the imported fire ant were evaluated in a study designed to compare the diagnostic usefulness of fire ant whole body extract (WBE) preparations with that of fire ant venom (IFAV). Ninety-one percent ($\text{31}\text{34}$) of the hypersensitive patients skin tested with IFAV at a maximal concentration of 1:5 × 10³, $\text{v}\text{v}$, demonstrated a wheat equal to or greater than the histamine control. Fifty-three percent ($\text{18}\text{34}$) of the group were skin test positive to a WBE preparation. When the criteria for a positive skin test were relaxed, 82% of the hypersensitive group could be identified with the IFAWBE. A comparison of skin test results in sensitive patients revealed variability in the sensitivity of the WBE preparations utilized in the study. Leukocyte histamine release demonstrated a dose-response release of histamine with both IFAV and SIWBEa preparations. Specific venom antisera produced in rabbits identified a precipitin line of common identity in a gel-diffusion system containing IFAWBE and IFAV. This finding was verified by the competitive inhibition of IFAWBE with IFAV in a solid-phase radioimmunoassay system. Fire ant WBEs contain venom constituents and are effective diagnostic agents in up to 82% of patients with hypersensitivity to the sting of the imported fire ant. Marked variability in the responsiveness of sensitive patients to different WBE preparations mandates standardization of these diagnostic preparations.     

现今进口降香并非印度黄檀心材

通过对印度黄檀心材与进口降香商品药材在性状、显微、理化等几个方面的比较鉴别，认为现今进口降香非印度黄檀心材，否定了以往文献的观点。     

对2例空中乘务员输入性疟疾的思考及建议

目的报道空中乘务员输入性疟疾2例,对航空医师如何做好民航空勤人员输入性传染病的预防和诊疗工作提出建议。方法对2名执行非洲飞行任务后感染疟原虫的空中乘务员其流行病学资料、临床诊疗经过及再燃和复发特点进行综合分析。结果 2008年7月9日两名乘务员执行同一非洲高疟区航线任务,在当地过夜时有蚊虫叮咬史,后出现高热症状,血涂片分别提示恶性虐原虫和间日虐原虫感染。经抗疟治疗症状消失。数月后两人均出现了不同程度的复发和再燃情况,再次行抗疟治疗,至今无复发。结论建议对于感染疟原虫的空勤人员,经治疗体温正常后应至少于地面观察6个月;航空医师应掌握各航线目的地的疫情报告,做好相关航线的卫生保障工作,提高对各种输入性传染病的警惕性。     

安徽肥东县输入性恶性疟疾现况与特征

目的 了解肥东地区输入疟疾的流行现况与特征,为输入性疟疾防治工作提供科学依据.方法 对近几年肥东县疟疾年报表、疟疾专网报告数据、疟疾个案调查表进行统计和描述性分析.结果 肥东县近几年疟疾病例呈上升趋势,自2009年出现输入性疟疾病例,2009年、2010年输人性疟疾病例数占年疟疾发病总数的比例分别为35.29％和67....     

2019年苏州市输入性恶性疟2例

对苏州市2019年报告的2例输入性恶性疟病例的基本信息、流行病学史以及诊治过程资料进行收集、整理和分析。结果显示,苏州市输入性疟疾不仅在劳务输出人群中高发,在探亲访友人群中也存在感染风险,尤其是儿童感染风险应引起重视。     

Dermatological manifestations in onchocerciasis: A retrospective study of 400 imported cases

Introduction

Onchocerciasis is caused by Onchocerca volvulus and mainly leads to pruritus and skin and visual disorders, including blindness. Seventeen million people are infected in 38 countries; 31 of these are in sub-Saharan Africa, six in Latin America and one on the Arabian Peninsula. More than 99% of cases occur in sub-Saharan Africa where 120 million people are at risk of infection. Eye disorders have been well-documented; however, skin disorders have not been described accurately. The objective of our study was to describe the epidemiology, main skin manifestations and treatment of imported onchocerciasis.

河南省焦作市消除疟疾前后输入性疟疾疫情分析

河南省焦作市疾病预防控制中心（河南 焦作 454001）目的　分析河南省焦作市消除疟疾前后输入性疟疾流行病学特征,为开展消除疟疾后监测和防止输入性疟疾再传播提供科学依据。方法　通过传染病报告信息管理系统和寄生虫病防治信息管理系统收集焦作市消除疟疾前（2010—2016年）和消除后（2017—2021年11月）疟疾疫情数据及病例流行病学个案调查资料,进行描述性统计分析。结果　2010—2021年11月焦作市累计报告输入性疟疾病例74例。消除疟疾前后,输入性病例均以恶性疟为主,各虫种所占比例差异无统计学意义（[χ2] = 0.234,P > 0.05）,病例主要分布在武陟县、以20 ~ 59岁中青壮年男性为主,职业以境外务工的农民工、经商等为主,病例报告时间以每年6月和12月居多。消除疟疾前后,输入性疟疾病例均主要来自撒哈拉沙漠以南非洲国家,但消除疟疾后来自东南亚国家的比例有所上升,差异均有统计学意义（[χ2] = 5.989,P < 0.05）。消除疟疾后,患者从发病到确诊最长时长从27 d下降为18 d,中位时间从3 d缩短为2 d,3 d内确诊率由消除前的60.47%上升为消除后的83.87%（[χ2] = 4.724,P < 0.05）。医疗机构疟疾确诊及报告比例上升（[χ2] = 5.406,P < 0.05）。结论　2010—2021年焦作市输入性疟疾病例主要为恶性疟病例,消除疟疾后患者就诊意识和医务人员诊治能力有所提高;今后仍需加强完善疟疾监测响应体系,谨防境外输入疟疾再传播。     

输入性疟疾再传播风险评估指标体系的构建

目的　构建输入性疟疾再传播风险评估指标体系。方法　通过文献综述、专题讨论初步构建输入性疟疾再传播风险评估指标体系。选择26名疟疾防治专家,采用德尔菲法对指标体系开展2轮专家咨询,根据专家对每项指标的熟悉程度、判断依据和重要性评价计算专家积极系数、专家权威系数、专家协调系数、各指标变异系数,根据上述结果进行指标筛选并计算各指标权重;采用Cronbach’s α系数评价指标体系信度,采用专家权威程度系数评价指标体系的内容效度,采用KMO检验和因子分析评价指标体系的结构效度。结果　共23名专家完成2轮专家咨询,最终构建了一个包含3个一级指标、7个二级指标、21个三级指标的输入性疟疾再传播风险评估指标体系。第2轮专家积极系数（100.00% vs. 88.46%）和专家协调系数（0.372 vs. 0.286, P均< 0.01）均高于第1轮。第2轮专家咨询后,各级指标专家权威程度系数为0.757～0.930,一、二、三级指标变异系数分别为0.098～0.136、0.112～0.276、0.139～0.335;指标体系整体Cronbach’s α系数为0.941;一（KMO值= 0.523,[χ2] = 18.192,P < 0.05）、二（KMO值= 0.694,[χ2] = 51.499,P < 0.01）、三级指标（KMO值= 0.519,[χ2] = 477.638,P < 0.01）KMO值均有统计学意义;三级指标6个主成分累积贡献率为84.23%。传染源、传播条件及防控能力3个一级指标归一化权重分别为0.337、0.333和0.329;归一化权重居前3位的二级指标依次为输入性病例数及虫种（0.160）、输入性病例入境及就诊情况（0.152）、媒介种类及密度（0.152）;归一化权重值居前5位的三级指标依次为输入性病例虫种（0.065）、媒介种群（0.064）、患者发病至就诊时间间隔（0.059）、输入性病例数（0.056）及从就诊至确诊时间间隔（0.055）。结论　成功构建了输入性疟疾再传播风险评估指标体系,为消除后开展输入性疟疾再传播风险评估和加强重点风险因素防控提供了科学依据。