饮食控制及运动疗法对糖耐量降低人群干预效果分析

目的观察饮食控制及运动疗法对糖耐量降低人群血糖控制的影响。方法对门诊病例中符合1997年美国糖尿病协会诊断标准的60例糖耐量降低患者随机分为3组，分别采取饮食控制（饮食组）、运动疗法（运动组）及饮食控制＋运动疗法（饮食＋运动组）进行干预，8周后检测，对干预前后自身及各组间对照分析效果。结果3组干预后空腹血糖（FPG）和餐后2小时血糖（2hPG）均较干预前显著下降（P值分别〈0．05和0．01）。饮食＋运动组的总有效率显著优于饮食组和运动组（P值分别〈0．05和0．01），后两组间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论饮食控制与运动疗法有助于控制糖耐量降低人群的空腹及餐后血糖，有可能延缓其向糖尿病发展。     

糖耐量减低患者胰岛素抵抗与颈动脉粥样斑块的相关性分析

目的　探讨胰岛素抵抗 (IR)在糖耐量减低 (IGT)大血管并发症中的作用。方法　测定 1 2 0名IGT患者和 96名糖耐量正常(NGT)对照者的空腹血糖 (FBG)、胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、胰岛素 (FINS)及餐后 2h血糖 (PBG) ,并测量身高、体重、腰围、臀围 ,计算相对胰岛素敏感指数 (RISI)、体重指数 (BMI)、腰臀比 (WHR) ,结合其颈动脉多普勒超声检测结果进行对比分析。结果　IGT组及NGT组颈动脉粥样斑块发生率有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,斑块面积与RISI呈负相关 (r =- 0 .45 ,P <0 .0 1 ) ,与餐后 2h血糖 (r =0 .39,P <0 .0 1 )、BMI(r=0 .48,P <0 .0 1 )及WHR(r=0 .41 ,P <0 .0 1 )正相关 ,而与TG、FBG、TC、FINS无相关性 (P >0 .0 5)。IGT组患者有斑块和无斑块者之间RISI、WHR、BMI、餐后 2h血糖、TG之间也存在显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论　胰岛素抵抗与颈动脉粥样硬化的发生密切相关 ,是IGT患者发生大血管并发症的重要原因。     

诊断糖尿病、糖耐量低减病人的尿微量白蛋白水平

本文用放射免疫分析法测定了169名正常人、273名糖耐量低减病人、200名糖尿病人及40名糖耐量正常的高血压患者的尿白蛋白排泄率(AER),前三者相互之间有显著差异(P<0.001)且其平均空腹血糖值与其AER显著相关(0.97)。在糖耐量正常人中,患高血压者与未患高血压者的AER之间有显著差异(P<0.001),在IGT及糖尿病组中,患高血压的AER比未患高血压的要稍高,但没有显著差异。     

吡格列酮对高血压合并糖耐量异常患者疗效观察

目的:探讨吡格列酮对原发性高血压伴有糖耐量异常(IGT)患者的治疗作用。方法:2002年3月-2004年3月收治的168例高血压合并IGT患者,随机分为药物干预组(n=88)和对照组(n=80),两组患者饮食和运动治疗相同,均口服卡托普利和倍他乐克降压,药物干预组则加用吡格列酮。连续2年定期监测TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、ECG、心脏彩超、身高、体重。结果:药物干预组83例中有5例(6.02%)转为T2DM,新发冠心病3例(3.61%),SBP(126.4±2.2)mmHg,DBP(82.8±1.7)mmHg,均显著低于对照组(P<0.01),TG、2hPG、FINS、2hINS、IR亦显著低于对照组(P<0.05或0.01),而HDC-C显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:吡格列酮能纠正以胰岛素抵抗为中心的多种危险因素,减少心脑血管疾病的发生。     

深圳市糖尿病流行特征研究

采用分层整群抽样方法,对深圳市５个行政区在深圳居住５年及以上,年龄在２０岁及以上的８２００名社区人群进行了糖尿病流行病学调查。结果表明,深圳居民糖尿病（ＤＭ）标化患病率为４３１％,糖耐量低减（ＩＧＴ）标化患病率为１１９３％,两者之比为１∶２７８;其中女性糖尿病（ＤＭ）和耐糖量低减（ＩＧＴ）标化患病率分别为４３１％和１１９３％,明显高于男性,后者分别为３７１％和１０２８％。研究结果还表明糖尿病和糖耐量低减率随年龄的升高而升高,离退休人员和家庭妇女明显高于其他职业人群,末发现来自不同地区人群糖尿病和ＩＧＴ患病率间差异。     

深圳市居民体质指数,腰臀围比与糖尿病的关系研究

采用分层整群抽样方法,研究了深圳市５ 个行政区年龄在２０ 岁以上,在深圳居住５ 年及以上８２００ 名常住社区居民肥胖与糖尿病的关系结果表明,深圳居民体质指数（ＢＭＩ） ≥２５ 的人群糖尿病患病率和ＩＧＴ 患病率明显高于体质指数（ＢＭＩ） ＜２５ 的人群,肥胖人群糖尿病患病率和ＩＧＴ 患病率分别是非肥胖人群的２．６ 倍和２３ 倍。随腰围、臀围及两者之比的升高,糖尿病患病率和ＩＧＴ患病率升高;腰臀围比≥１ 和＜１人群糖尿病患病率和ＩＧＴ 率之比分别为１：５ 和１：２５。研究结果还表明,随腰围的增加两率增加更加明显,腰围平均每增加１ｃｍ 糖尿病患病率增加０５％ ,ＩＧＴ 患病率增加１０％     

Insulin resistance is associated with decreased clinical status in cystic fibrosis

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) frequently have impaired glucose tolerance and progression to diabetes (DM) with clinical features of both insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. One feature of non-insulin-dependent DM is decreased insulin sensitivity, also known as insulin resistance. The goal of this study was to determine whether patients with CF exhibit insulin resistance and to determine the potential effect of insulin resistance on clinical status. We also sought to determine whether insulin resistance is associated with a specific CF genotype. We studied 18 patients with CF (8 with normal glucose tolerance, 5 with impaired glucose tolerance, 5 with DM), and 20 lean control subjects matched for age, weight, and sex. All control subjects had normal glucose tolerance. The clinical status for each CF patient was determined according to a modified National Institutes of Health scoring system. Each subject underwent a three-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (insulin doses of 10, 40, 120 mU/m ² per minute). Results from the 120 mU/m ² per minute infusion defined maximal glucose disposal rate (defined in milligrams per kilogram body weight per minute) at steady state with peripheral insulin levels 195 ± 20 mU/ml. Subjects with CF demonstrated insulin resistance (control subjects = 13.6 ± 1.1, patients with CF = 10.2 ± 1.6 mg/kg per minute; p = 0.003). When each subgroup was compared separately with control subjects, all subgroups were statistically insulin resistant (glucose disposal rate, patients with CF and normal glucose tolerance = 10.8; those with impaired glucose tolerance = 8.4; those with DM = 10.1 mg/kg per minute), and the patients with CF with impaired glucose tolerance were the most insulin resistant. When plotted versus glucose disposal rate, a striking positive correlation between worsened clinical status and insulin resistance ( r = 0.85) is demonstrated. Furthermore, there is no correlation between insulin resistance and fasting blood glucose, subject age, or percent ideal body weight (all r values not significant). In conclusion, patients with CF exhibit insulin resistance that is associated with worsened clinical status. We believe it is the combination of insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion that is responsible for the high incidence of CF-related diabetes. (J Pediatr 1997;130:948-56)     

不同体重与腰围与糖耐量低减患病率的关系

目的 了解不同体重、腰围、超重和肥胖与糖耐量低减(IGT)患病率关系，为预防和控制IGT提供科学依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法，随机抽取2个社区和2个乡镇15岁以上本地居住5年以上的居民，共计4682人。进行问卷调查，测量身高、体重、腰围，测定空腹口服75g葡萄糖后2h血糖。结果 IGT患病率为7．07％，其中男性为7．43％，女性为6．82％。IGT患病率随体重的增加而不断增高，但30kg组IGT患病率大于40～60kg组，呈现“√”形关系。随腰围增大IGT患病率呈明显上升趋势，至腰围100cm组时达到高峰，此趋势在男、女性中一致，超重、肥胖组IGT患病率明显高于BMI正常组和低体重组，其OR值分别为1．62和2．22，95％C1分别为1．50～2．72和1．87～4．28。结论 IGT的发生与体重、超重和肥胖，尤其是腹型肥胖之间存在密切关联。因此，应保持适当体重和正常体型，加强对肥胖人群和IGT患者的干预。减少糖尿病的发生。     

Glycated haemoglobin predicts progression to diabetes mellitus in Pima Indians with impaired glucose tolerance

Summary Glycated haemoglobin could offer several practical advantages over the OGTT for assessing glucose metabolism. Initial cross-sectional studies (1983–1985) on 381 subjects (mostly Pima Indians) described the relationship between HbA_1c (a specific glycated Hb) and the OGTT. We performed follow-up OGTTs and HbA_1c measurements on 257 of these same subjects 1.6–6.1 years later. Subjects were again grouped according to both the result of the OGTT (normal, IGT or diabetes, by WHO criteria) and HbA_1c result (normal or elevated based on mean ± 1.96 SD of normal). Of 66 subjects with IGT at baseline, 47 (71%) had normal HbA_1c and 19 (29%) had elevated HbA_1c. Twentysix (39%) of these subjects had diabetes at follow-up. Of these subjects with IGT, a significantly greater percentage of subjects with elevated HbA_1c at baseline (68%) showed worsening to diabetes than those with a normal HbA_1c (28%); (chi-square=7.8, df=1, p<0.01). Thus, in subjects with IGT, glycated Hb may be a useful predictor of progression to diabetes.Abbreviations OGTT Oral glucose tolerance test - WHO World Health Organisation - IGT impaired glucose tolerance     

1996年全国糖尿病流行病学特点基线调查报告

根据ＷＨＯ１９８５年标准，采用自然人群、分层整群抽样方法，我们于１９９５￣１９９６年对全国１１省市２０￣７５岁４万人群进行糖尿病（ＤＭ）及糖耐量低减（ＩＧＴ）流行病学特点的基线情况调查，并对人群营养状况进行了深入细致的调查分析。结果显示目前我国ＤＭ及ＩＧＴ患病率分别为３．２１％和４．７６％，省会城市最高，中小城市次之，贫困农村最低。ＤＭ及ＩＧＴ患病率随年龄、体重指数及腰／臀比的增加而增高。