乌鲁木齐市家蝇抗药性现状及发展趋势分析

目的 分析乌鲁木齐市家蝇对化学杀虫剂的抗药性现状及发展趋势，探讨防制对策。方法 常规微量点滴法。结果 对溴氰菊酯的抗性系数在24．00-253．67；对敌敌畏的抗性系数在11.44-53.24;对二氯苯醚菊酯抗性系数在9.29-36.10，对氯氰菊酯的抗性系数在2.32-9.62。结论：8年来家蝇对4种杀虫剂的抗药性在不断上升，仍保持较高水平，但迅速上升的趋势开始减缓。     

用荧光探剂DPH研究家蝇线粒体膜脂流动性

本文探讨了用ＤＰＨ作为荧光探剂，研究家蝇飞翔肌线粒体膜脂流动性的方法。实验表明：ＤＰＨ确是用来研究家蝇生物膜流动性的有效探剂。同时，初步观察了不同杀虫剂对ＤＰＨ与线粒体膜结合后荧光强度的影响。其中氯菊酯和倍硫磷、马拉硫磷、敌百虫、氧化乐果，可使ＤＰＨ探剂与线粒体膜结合后的荧光相对强度增加；而氰戊菊酯、氯氰菊酯，溴氰菊酯及辛硫磷、乙酰甲胺磷，则可使荧光强度减弱。     

4种灭蝇毒饵灭蝇效果观察

目的:观察4种苍蝇毒饵的灭蝇效果。方法:在0.343m~3的测试柜内观察苍蝇的LT_(50)及24h死亡率。结果:蝇蟑宁和韩1号毒饵的半数死时间最短,分别为1.10和1.79h,24h死亡率最高分别为98.43％和91.41％,两者差异无显著性。结论:蝇蟑宁毒饵灭效最好,具有推广应用价值。     

Protective effect of polypeptides from larva of housefly (Musca domestica) on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in HepG2 cells

Housefly (Musca domestica) is an important medical insect and its larva is an ideal high protein food source. We isolated from housefly larvae the polypeptides hydrolyzed by neutral protease (PHNP), and investigated the protective effect of PHNP on hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative damage in HepG2 cells. Cells exposed to H₂O₂ showed a marked decrease in proliferation and intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. H₂O₂ also caused apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction including mitochondrial fragmentation and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Pretreatment with PHNP at concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10 μg/mL blocked these H₂O₂-induced cellular events in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of PHNP at 10 μg/mL is equal to that of ascorbic acid at 10 μM. In summary, PHNP has a protective effect against H₂O₂-induced oxidative injury in cells due to its ability to decrease intracellular ROS and elevate antioxidant enzyme activities.     

家蝇抗菌肽对 FBL－3红白血病原代细胞增殖影响浓度的探索

本文初步探究不同浓度家蝇幼虫抗菌肽对FBL－3红白血病原代细胞增殖的影响。采用诱导、研磨、离心、 C18固相萃取等方法制备家蝇幼虫抗菌肽混合物,然后处理传代期的FBL－3细胞,调整浓度为2．25×106／mL并通过尾静脉注射C57BL／6小鼠,建立红白血病动物模型。待肿瘤生长较大时,处死并剥离肿瘤,再通过研磨、裂红液裂解、获取原代肿瘤细胞并培养。将抗菌肽混合物调整为不同浓度作用于传代期的FBL－3原代细胞,之后经倒置显微镜观察照相,台盼蓝染色试验计算死亡率、 CCK－8试剂盒做细胞毒性检测。结果显示抗菌肽混合物浓度为250～350μg／mL作用FBL－3原代细胞时,细胞碎片大量增多,死亡率增高,细胞毒性变大。初步证明了抗菌肽混合物在250～350μg／mL抑制细胞增殖效果明显,在300μg／mL浓度下抑制作用最强,本研究结果可作为动物模型体内实验的参考。     

蝇蛆蛋白粉对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨蝇蛆蛋白粉对正常小鼠及免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的调节作用。方法:利用正常及环磷酰胺(Cy)所致免疫低下模型小鼠,通过血清溶血素含量检测及碳粒廓清指数测定考察蝇蛆蛋白粉对巨噬细胞巨噬功能及体液免疫功能的影响。结果:蝇蛆蛋白粉可显著提高正常小鼠半数溶血值(HC50),对吞噬指数(α)无影响;对免疫功能低下小鼠HC50无影响,但可显著提高其α值。结论:蝇蛆蛋白粉可有效地增强正常小鼠体液免疫功能;对Cy造成的免疫功能低下有一定的预防和治疗作用。     

The housefly ( Musca domestica ) as a possible vector for Helicobacter pylori at agricultural sites

Helicobacter pylori is a common human pathogen which causes chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers. Association of this pathogen with the housefly ( Musca domestica ) was evaluated via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 2229 wild houseflies from several agricultural sites were tested using primers flanking a 411 base pair region of the H. pylori Urease-A gene. These primers, which were specific for H. pylori , amplified in 6.85% of 3-fly or 5-fly pools. Amplification products were confirmed by Southern hybridization with a probe from the DNA of H. pylori . Digestion pattern analysis of the PCR products using the endonucleases HinfI and AluI indicated identity between pools and with that of H. pylori human isolates. The percentage of H. pylori (+) flies from a swine center was significantly higher than that of flies from a poultry center and that of flies from a dairy center. Flies artificially contaminated with a fresh H. pylori culture remained positive for the pathogen over their lifetime in captivity.     

家蝇信息素对家蝇引诱力的实验研究

目的：探讨家蝇信息素对家蝇的实际诱蝇效果，以便科学使用；方法：将家蝇信息素制作成含不同剂量的单方试样和与白糖配制的复合试样，在实验箱内分别对不同日龄的家蝇进行引诱试验；结果：不同剂量的单方家蝇信息素试样各平均诱蝇率与空白对照样相比，差异均无显著性；不同剂量家蝇信息素与白糖复配的试样对策2d龄家蝇的平均诱蝇率均高于白糖对照试样，差异分别有显著性或非常显著性；结论：单方家蝇信息素无直接诱蝇作用，与白糖复配可增强后者对交配期家蝇的引诱作用。     

家蝇室内种群第55代产卵特性比较观察

[目的]观察家蝇室内种群第55代的产卵特性,并和第1代进行比较。[方法]观察家蝇室内种群第55代及第1代每天产卵数量、所产卵的孵化数量和未孵出数量,计算每天的孵化率,并进行分析比较。[结果]两代室内种群产卵高峰均出现在产卵期d 5,在产卵期前期产卵数量较多,孵化率高,后期产卵数量少,孵化率降低。第55代所产卵总数量(粒)为15 176.67±2 625.61,高于第1代(13 178.00±1 780.89);而总孵化率(×10-2)为93.96±0.19,显著低于第1代(96.14±0.84)。[结论]家蝇室内种群前期产卵力强,后期产卵力降低,转种宜在前期进行。家蝇经55代的室内驯化饲养,与第1代相比可能有了一定的退化。     

五种增效剂在家蝇中对拟除虫菊酯的增效作用研究

在室内测定了五种增效剂(pb、SV_1、S_2、S_3和S_4)与二氯苯醚菊酯和溴氰菊酯复配对抗性家蝇(2cl-R和D(?)-R)和敏感品系家蝇(SP)的增效作用。结果发现,pb对两个抗性品系增效显著,其增效比(SR)值分别为46.93和629,表明抗性品系家蝇体内氧化代谢的增强,可能是对拟除虫菊酯类农药产生抗性的一个重要机制。S_2在3个家蝇品系中对二氯苯醚菊酯和溴氰菊酯均有较高的增效作用,表明具有较好的开发前景。