寒区部队营房最佳采暖温度和通风量的研究

本文选择驻东北三省部队营房，进行了住室微小气候和人员舒适程度的调查。结果表明，穿着棉衣（隔热值２．７ｃｌｏ），平均皮温２８．７±１℃～２７．３±１．２℃，胸额温差３．０～５．０℃，微小风速平均０．０６９ｍ／ｓ时，８０％人员感到舒适的最佳采暖温度为１６～１８℃。经测定寒区部队营房冬季自然通风量为２０．７～５２．０ｍ￣３／ｈ，换气次数为０．１８～０．７３次／ｈ。在此基础上，加开一小气窗，每小时开窗１０ｍｉｎ，可使换气次数达到０．８次／ｈ的要求。     

Roberts铜盐法测定蔗汁葡聚糖含量的热效应——淀粉对受热蔗汁葡聚糖测定的影响

作者从研究中发现:用Roberts铜盐法测定蔗汁样本葡聚糖含量时,所得结果与蔗汁的受热有关,受热蔗汁的测定值高于真实值,作者将这种现象暂称为Roberts铜盐法测定蔗汁样本葡聚糖含量的热效应。研究表明:蔗汁中的淀粉是引起热效应的重要因素。本文最后提出了一种由淀粉引起的热效应的可行校正方法。     

Fluid mechanics based classification of the respiratory efficiency of several nasal cavities

The flow in the human nasal cavity is of great importance to understand rhinologic pathologies like impaired respiration or heating capabilities, a diminished sense of taste and smell, and the presence of dry mucous membranes. To numerically analyze this flow problem a highly efficient and scalable Thermal Lattice-BGK (TLBGK) solver is used, which is very well suited for flows in intricate geometries. The generation of the computational mesh is completely automatic and highly parallelized such that it can be executed efficiently on High Performance Computers (HPCs). An evaluation of the functionality of nasal cavities is based on an analysis of pressure drop, secondary flow structures, wall-shear stress distributions, and temperature variations from the nostrils to the pharynx. The results of the flow fields of three completely different nasal cavities allow their classification into ability groups and support the a priori decision process on surgical interventions.     

Evaluation of the Performance and Safety of a Newly Developed Intravenous Fluid Warmer

To evaluate the performance and safety of a newly developed blood warmer (ThermoSens), we tested its heating capability under various conditions using isotonic saline and hemolysis analysis with swine blood. The following two in vitro tests were performed: (i) To investigate the performance of the device, the inflow and outflow temperatures were measured at various flow rates (30, 50, and 100 mL/min) using cold (5°C) and room temperature (20°C) isotonic saline (0.9%). Several parameters were measured including the highest temperature of the outlet, the time required to reach the highest temperature, and the temperature of the intravenous line. (ii) To investigate the safety of the device, a hemolysis test was performed using swine blood. We obtained 320 mL of whole blood from swine and refrigerated the blood for 35 days at 3°C. In order to replicate the clinical situation, blood flow by gravity and pressure (300 mm Hg) was used. Before and after the heating test, blood samples were obtained and a comparison was made between these samples. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, lactate dehydrogenase, and plasma hemoglobin were used for red blood cell (RBC) damage analysis. The highest outlet temperatures obtained using flow rates of 30, 50, and 100 mL/min were 39.10 ± 0.59, 39.25 ± 0.69, and 37.63 ± 1.03°C, respectively, with cold saline, and 39.40 ± 0.40, 39.66 ± 0.36, and 39.49 ± 0.49°C, respectively, with room temperature saline. Hemolysis tests showed no significant changes in hemoglobin, hematocrit, lactate dehydrogenase, or plasma hemoglobin (P > 0.05) between before and after heating for both gravity and pressure blood flow. The ThermoSens blood warmer warms isotonic saline effectively, reaching temperatures up to 36°C under various conditions. Hemolysis tests showed no RBC damage. Therefore, the newly developed ThermoSens has good heating performance and is safe for RBC products.     

太阳能热水系统在医院洗浴热水供应中的应用

文章通过太阳能热水系统与热媒换热系统、空气源热泵热水机组系统联合应用于山东省某医院洗浴热水系统中的实例,论述了系统的组成和工作原理,并分析其经济性。     

The effect of heating rate on the surface chemistry of NiTi

The impact of the heating rate on the Ni content at the surface of the oxide layer of biomedical NiTi is explored. Heat treatment emulating common shape-setting procedures was performed by means of conventional and inductive heating for similar annealing time and temperature, applying various heating rates from ∼0.25 K s⁻¹ to 250 K s⁻¹. A glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy method was established and employed to evaluate concentration profiles of Ni, Ti and O in the near-surface region at high resolution. The Ni content at the surface of the differently treated samples varies significantly, with maximum surface Ni concentrations of ∼20 at.% at the lowest and ∼1.5 at.% at the highest heating rate, i.e. the total amount of Ni contained in the surface region of the oxide layer decreases by >15 times. Consequently, the heating rate is a determinant for the biomedical characteristics of NiTi, especially since Ni available at the surface of the oxide layer may affect the hemocompatibility and be released promptly after surgical application of a respective implant. Furthermore, apparently contradictory results presented in the literature reporting surface Ni concentrations of ∼3 at.% to >20 at.% after heat treatment are consistently explained considering the ascertained effect of the heating rate.     

Optimal heating conditions for forming a mouthguard using a circle tray: Effect of different conditions on the thickness and fit of formed mouthguards

PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the optimal heating conditions for sheet forming using a circle tray by comparing the thickness and fit of mouthguards formed under different conditions.MethodsMouthguards were fabricated using ethylene vinyl acetate sheets (4.0 mm thick) and a vacuum forming machine. The working model was trimmed to a height of 20 mm at the incisor and 15 mm at the first molar. Two forming conditions were compared: square sheets were pinched by the clamping frame attached to the forming machine; and round sheets were pinched at the top and bottom and stabilized by a circle tray. Each condition was defined when the sheet sagged by 10-mm or 15-mm below the level of the clamp. The thickness of the sheet was determined for the incisal and molar portion. Additionally, the difference in fit according to the forming conditions was measured by examining the cross section. Differences in the thickness or the fit due to forming conditions were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison tests.ResultsThe thickness after formation was thicker at the 10-mm condition than that of 15-mm, and the fit at the 15-mm condition was better when that of 10-mm with square and round sheets.ConclusionWithin the limitation of this study, it was suggested that when forming a mouthguard using a 4.0-mm EVA sheet and a circle tray on a vacuum forming machine, the sheet should be formed at a sagging distance of 10-mm.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术致胆管的热力损伤

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术致胆管热力损伤的原因、特点、处理及预防方法。方法回顾总结我院1992-2002年间收治的腹腔镜胆囊切除术致胆管热力损伤的8例临床资料。结果6例表现为穿孔性损伤：右肝管损伤1例，肝总管损伤4例，胆总管损伤1例，经过1次或1次以上手术治疗后痊愈；2例表现为延迟性胆管狭窄，均为肝总管损伤，再次手术后痊愈。随访1．5～9年，无胆管狭窄。结论与机械性胆管损伤相比，腹腔镜胆囊切除术致胆管热力损伤具有一定的特点，且其病情复杂、处理困难、处理方法灵活多样；娴熟的腹腔镜技术、正确掌握中转开腹指征以及丰富的胆道外科经验是预防和处理胆道热力损伤的关键。     

大同市特教学校非综合征性聋分子病因学分析--GJB2 235delC突变和线粒体DNA 12SrRNA A1555G突变筛查报告

目的 进行山西省大同地区重度耳聋的分子流行病学调查。方法 对山西省大同市特殊教育学校152名耳聋学生进行遗传性耳聋问卷调查、全面的体格检查、耳鼻咽喉专科检查以及包括纯音测听和声导抗在内的听力学评估。对148名非综合征型感音神经性耳聋患者分别进行线粒体DNA 12SrRNA基因A1555G点突变和GJB2基因235delC突变的限制性内切酶分析。结果 3例（2．03％）存在线粒体DNA 12SrRNA基因A1555G点突变，16例（10．8l％）存在GJB2基因235delC纯合突变，2l例（14．19％）存在GJB2基因235delC杂合突变，能够明确进行基因诊断者占27．03％。结论 山西省大同地区非综合征型耳聋患者存在较高的GJB2基因235delC突变发生率．而线粒体DNA 12SrRNA基因A1555G突变发生率低于全国平均水平。通过聋病分子流行病学调查．提示27．03％的非综合征型耳聋患者具有明确或强烈的遗传倾向，对于大同地区耳聋的预防、治疗及康复有着较好的意义。     

烘绑治疗后淋巴水肿皮肤纤维化程度的变化

应用生化测定技术和组织学观察手段，对１５例下肢淋巴水肿患者在烘绑治疗前后的皮肤组织进行比较研究后发现；烘绑疗法能①降低病变皮肤组织中羟脯氨酸的含量；②减轻皮肤厚度，减少皮肤含水量；③促进局部组织的微循环；④提高病变组织中的吞噬细胞活性。结合临床观察指标，提出烘绑疗法的作用机理：①改善局部微循环，促进组织间液和蛋白质的回吸收；②提高吞噬细胞的活性，降低病变组织纤维化的程度。