国内外大学生艾滋病研究热点与前沿趋势

目的 使用文献计量学对国内外大学生艾滋病相关研究进行对比分析,旨在推动未来国内该领域的发展。方法 通过中国知网（CNKI）与Web of Science核心合集检索得1986—2021年国内外大学艾滋病研究的相关文献,借助VOSviewer及R软件对纳入研究的发表时间、作者及单位分布、热点内容与前沿趋势进行剖析。结果 国外相较国内研究起步较早,国内外总体发文量均呈上升趋势,美国占据相关领域英文研究的主导地位。《中国艾滋病性病》（257篇）与J AM COLL HEALTH（46篇）分别是载文最多的中英文杂志,各研究团体间的合作尚不够紧密。中文研究侧重不同教育方式于艾滋病防控的探索,英文研究则更关注于该群体“酒精使用”、“物质滥用”与“心理”等话题,防艾生活技能及暴露前预防（PrEP）等或成为未来研究趋势。结论 刊载大学生艾滋病的期刊类型较多,而高发文量期刊数较少且作者及机构间的合作有待加强,国内应给予该群体物质滥用及心理等方面更多关注,同时今后要加强对艾滋病监测与防艾生活技能方面的训练。     

Use of totally implantable central venous access ports for high-dose chemotherapy and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: results of a monocentre series of 376 patients.

BACKGROUND: The complication rate of central venous totally implantable access ports (TIAP), used for high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation support, has not been fully investigated to date, due to the almost exclusive use of externalised, tunnelled devices in this clinical setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During a 66-month period (from 1 January 1997 to 30 June 2002), 376 patients suffering from breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lymphoma or multiple myeloma were treated with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation at the European Institute of Oncology (Milan, Italy). A single type of port was used, constructed from titanium and silicone rubber, connected to a 7.8 F polyurethane catheter (Port-A-Cath; SIMS Deltec, Inc., St Paul, MN, USA) inserted into the subclavian vein. They were followed prospectively for device-related complications until the device was removed, the patient died or the study was closed (30 June 2002). RESULTS: No TIAP-related deaths were observed in this series. Seven pneumothoraxes (1.8%) occurred as a complication of TIAP placement, one patient only (0.2%) requiring a tube thoracostomy. Port pocket infection occurred twice in this series (0.53%, 0.01 episodes/1000 days of use), whereas three patients suffered from port-related bacteraemia (0.8%, 0.016/1000 days of use). Infections were successfully treated with antibiotics; all three cases had the ports removed at programme completion. Four cases of deep vein thrombosis were detected (1.06%, 0.022/1000 days of use); low molecular weight heparin was given, followed by oral anticoagulants. Finally, one case of extravasation occurred (0.26%, 0.005/1000 days of use), requiring port removal and local medical therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The use of TIAPs has resulted in a safe and effective option for high-dose chemotherapy deliverance and stem cell transplantation, in spite of inducing severe neutropenia and increasing the risk of sepsis in this category of oncology patient.     

国境口岸突发公共卫生事件应急预案框架体系的构建

[目的]提高政府保障公共安全和处置突发公共卫生事件的能力,最大程度地预防和减少突发公共卫生事件及其造成的损害,保障公众的健康和生命财产安全,维护国家安全和社会稳定,促进经济社会全面协调、可持续发展。[方法]结合国境口岸应对突发公共卫生事件的实际情况,从3个方面对如何构建国境口岸突发公共卫生事件应急预案框架体系进行了研究。[结果]构建国境口岸突发公共卫生事件应急预案框架体系应包括构建框架体系的准则、框架体系内容、编制框架体系应把握的要点。[结论]构建国境口岸突发公共卫生事件应急预案框架体系对于提高检验检疫机构预防和处置口岸突发公共卫生事件的能力,全面履行卫生检疫行政职能具有十分重要的意义。     

探索基于码头完全信息化的空箱码头查验模式

目的大力推进码头信息化建设,分析和探索先进的进境集装箱空箱检疫模式,以完善空箱检疫机制,有效防范疫病疫情和有毒有害物质传播入境。方法借鉴国内外先进口岸的进境集装箱空箱检疫模式和码头信息化建设,分析现有模式的弊端及工作中存在的问题,探讨进境空箱的检疫风险,研究进境空箱检疫新模式及与之配套的口岸码头信息化建设。结果进境集装箱空箱检疫风险较大且复杂,现有的堆场查验模式常出现漏检现象,码头信息化管理落后,无法将检关港高效有序协调起来,大大降低了工作效率和服务质量。结论现有进境集装箱空箱检疫模式存在的问题不容忽视,需积极推进口岸码头的信息化建设,并在此基础上积极稳妥地探索和实践空箱检疫码头查验新模式。     

Comparative Study of Three Commonly Used Methods for Hospital Efficiency Analysis in Beijing Tertiary Public Hospitals,China

Background:

Tertiary hospitals serve as the medical service center within the region and play an important role in the medical and health service system. They are also the key targets of public hospital reform in the new era in China. Through the reform of health system, the public hospital efficiency has changed remarkably. Therefore, this study aimed to provide some advice for efficiency assessment of public hospitals in China by comparing and analyzing the consistency of results obtained by three commonly used methods for examining hospital efficiency, that is, ratio analysis (RA), stochastic frontier analysis (SFA), and data envelopment analysis (DEA).

Methods:

The theoretical basis, operational processes, and the application status of RA, SFA, and DEA were learned through literature analysis. Then, the empirical analysis was conducted based on measured data from 51 tertiary public hospitals in Beijing from 2009 to 2011.

Results:

The average values of hospital efficiency calculated by SFA with index screening and principal component analysis (PCA) results and those calculated by DEA with index screening results were relatively stable. The efficiency of specialized hospitals was higher than that of general hospitals and that of traditional Chinese medicine hospitals. The results obtained by SFA with index screening results and the results obtained by SFA with PCA results showed a relatively high correlation (r-value in 2009, 2010, and 2011 were 0.869, 0.753, and 0.842, respectively, P < 0.01). The correlation between results obtained by DEA with index screening results and PCA results and results obtained by other methods showed statistical significance, but the correlation between results obtained by DEA with index screening results and PCA results was lower than that between results obtained by SFA with index screening results and PCA results.

Conclusions:

RA is not suitable for multi-index evaluation of hospital efficiency. In the given conditions, SFA is a stable efficiency analysis method. In the evaluation of hospital efficiency, DEA combined with PCA should be adopted with caution due to its poor stability.     

基于单片机的功能磁共振同步器的设计

目的：设计一种处理功能磁共振成像( fMRI)同步输出信号的同步器,对其解决同步问题的性能进行鉴定。方法fMRI在采集图像数据时,有两种同步信号输出方式：其一,采集一幅完整脑图时,每采集一层图像输出一个同步方波信号;其二,采集完一幅脑图输出一个同步信号。首先设定一幅完整脑图的采集层数,也称同步参数( SP);然后采集第一种同步方波信号,用单片机外部中断方法对第一种同步方波信号的上升沿计数,并保持初始输出为高电平;直到最后一层脑图时,将输出信号置为低电平并延时一段时间。结果同步器成功将第一种同步方波信号处理成第二种同步信号;matlab编程串口程序自动化设定SP,通过串口传输至单片机;结果表明该同步器可自动化设置SP。结论设计的同步器能使某类功能磁共振输出同步信号的同步问题得以解决,设备兼容性得到提升,其自动化设置SP,可减少医护人员的工作量。     

针孔腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝的临床疗效

目的探讨针孔腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补手术（NP-TAPP）治疗腹股沟疝的安全性与可行性。 方法回顾性分析2019年1月至2019年12月,大庆油田总医院行腹腔镜手术治疗的85例单侧腹股沟疝患者的临床资料。其中腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补手术（TAPP）组患者53例,NP-TAPP组患者32例,观察记录2组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、疼痛评分、腹壁瘢痕满意度及手术并发症等指标并进行对比分析。 结果85例患者均顺利完成手术,2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;NP-TAPP组术后疼痛程度、腹壁瘢痕满意度均优于TAPP组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组术后并发症发生率及复发率比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论NP-TAPP治疗腹股沟疝安全有效,能最大程度减少手术创伤,提高术后腹壁切口美容效果。     

边疆少数民族地区寄宿制小学生同伴关系、亲子沟通与孤独感之间的关系

目的:分析边疆少数民族地区的农村寄宿制小学生同伴关系、亲子沟通和孤独感之间的关系,探讨影响孤独感的内在机制。方法:采用同伴关系量表、亲子沟通问卷和孤独感量表对463名边疆少数民族地区寄宿制小学生进行调查,用结构方程对三者之间的因果关系构建模型,并用收集来的数据进行模型拟合。结果:1同伴关系、亲子沟通和孤独感有密切的相关关系;2亲子沟通对孤独感产生直接影响,路径系数分别为-0.45和-0.30;3同伴关系是亲子沟通对孤独感产生影响的中介因素,亲子沟通通过同伴接受和同伴恐惧自卑影响孤独感的路径系数分别为-0.47和0.57。结论:亲子关系、同伴关系和孤独感之间的关系表现为亲子关系不仅对孤独感产生直接影响,还通过同伴关系这一中介对孤独感产生影响。     

《中华人民共和国国境卫生检疫法》修订工作中值得关注的几个问题

目前，《中华人民共和国国境卫生检疫法》正在修订。为了使新修订的《国境卫生检疫法》既能达到《国际卫生条例（2005）》规定的各项要求，又能适合中国国境卫生检疫工作的实际，在修订中要关注的问题包括：将卫生检疫纳入整个卫生体系的框架中去；确立卫生检疫源头管理、风险分析等疾病控制理念的法律基础；要从传染病控制专业的角度和坚持现代立法精神、充分保障人权、建立和谐社会的角度对传染病人的管理问题进行深入的研究，以做出适当的修订，以使《国境卫生检疫法》更加科学、更加适应时代发展的要求。     

广东国境口岸中央空调水嗜肺军团菌检测及结果分析

目的:为了解广东地区国境口岸中央空调冷凝水中军团菌的阳性率,分析军团菌对出入境旅客健康的潜在危害并为北京奥运会期间国境口岸军团菌防控提供理论依据。方法:通过对2007年度和2008年度广东地区6个国境口岸中央空调冷凝水的采集、处理,利用分离培养、乳胶凝集试验、血清学分型等方法对样本进行军团菌的检测及血清学分型,检验依据为ISO11731:1998。对检测结果进行分析。结果:2007年度从63份样本中检出军团菌7例,检测阳性率为11.1%,其中嗜肺军团菌4例;2008年度从46份样本中检出军团菌3例,检测阳性率为6.5%,全部为嗜肺军团菌。结论:本次军团菌检出率略低于有关文献报道的全国平均检出率,阳性样本中嗜肺军团菌L1型占比率较大(30%);本研究结果有利于分析国境口岸空调通风系统的卫生状况,为口岸卫生控制提供技术指导,有利于北京奥运会和谐、顺利举办。