Murine Typhus,Reunion, France, 2011–2013

Murine typhus case was initially identified in Reunion, France, in 2012 in a tourist. Our investigation confirmed 8 autochthonous cases that occurred during January 2011–January 2013 in Reunion. Murine typhus should be considered in local patients and in travelers returning from Reunion who have fevers of unknown origin.     

甘肃省鼠疫疫源地蚤类DNA条形码分析

目的将DNA条形码技术应用到蚤类鉴定中,提高甘肃省鼠疫监测质量。方法在甘肃省鼠疫疫源地4个县(区)采集57份蚤类样本,PCR扩增细胞色素c氧化酶亚基(COI)基因片段,PCR产物进行测序;序列进行比对,采用Mega 7.0软件计算种内及种间遗传距离,邻接法构建系统发育树。结果共测得4科9属11种57条COI基因序列。发现种内遗传距离为0~1.8%,种间遗传距离为12%~25%;种间遗传距离显著大于种内遗传距离。进化树显示所有蚤类COI序列形成11个单一分支,种间分支明显。结论 DNA条形码能够用于甘肃省鼠疫疫源地蚤类的分子鉴定,克服形态学鉴定方法的缺陷。     

广西合浦县媒介蚤种群分布特征分析

目的了解广西合浦县蚤类的种群分布特征，为制定鼠疫防治对策提供依据，方法对1987—2005年广西合浦县鼠疫监测及专题调查查资料进行分析结果共捕获蚤12010匹，隶属3科6属7种，印鼠客蚤为优势蚤种。鼠体平均染蚤率为28.5230％，平均蚤指数为0.8093，印鼠客蚤指数为0.5808，地面游离蚤指数为0．0536。结论印鼠客蚤、伍氏病蚤和人蚤是广西合浦县鼠疫控制中的主要防治对象。     

隆林县蚤种群分布特征分析

目的掌握隆林县蚤类的种群分布特征,为制定鼠疫防治对策提供依据。方法采用笼捕法捕获鼠,采集鼠体蚤,计算鼠体染蚤率和蚤指数。粘蚤纸法捕获室内游离蚤,计算地面游离蚤指数。结果共捕获蚤5 783只,隶属3科6属6种,印鼠客蚤占种群的79.25%,为优势蚤种。鼠体平均染蚤率为27.99%,平均蚤指数为0.980,印鼠客蚤指数为0.780,地面游离蚤指数为0.045。月均染蚤率与印鼠客蚤指数季节消长趋势基本一致,呈单峰型,而蚤指数的季节消长呈2个峰期,分别是3月和7月。结论根据隆林县鼠疫寄生蚤种群分布和季节消长规律,印鼠客蚤是该县鼠疫控制中的主要防治对象,2～10月是鼠疫监测的重点期。     

闽东耕作区的鼠类生态学研究

目的：调查闽东耕作区的鼠类及其体外寄生虫。方法：笼捕活鼠，进行鼠及体外寄生虫分类鉴定。结果：鼠类隶属啮齿目鼠科９种，食虫目科２种；种群的空间配置，从边缘地带住宅到山地灌木林区依次为褐家鼠、小家鼠、黄胸鼠、臭、卡氏小鼠、黄毛鼠、黑线姬鼠、水麝、社鼠、针毛鼠和白腹巨鼠。鼠体外寄生虫有恙螨２科３亚科１２属２７种，其中水纤恙螨为一新种，高山真棒恙螨为我省新纪录；革螨３科１１属１３种；蚤２总科４科９属１１种。结论：基本摸清该地区鼠类及其体外寄生虫本底     

宁夏六盘山、贺兰山自然保护区蚤类群落中主要蚤种性比分析

目的了解蚤类自然种群的性比。方法现场分层抽样,采用5 m夹线法,对捕获的小兽及其寄生蚤进行常规鉴定,分类计数,选择采集数量较多的蚤种作比较,进行雌雄性比分析与评价。结果六盘山、贺兰山自然保护区共统计37种蚤类,其中13种主要蚤类中,巨凹额蚤等7种蚤雌性大于雄性,占53.84%,个体性比在58.18%-69.88%之间;西迪米狭蚤、西伯二刺蚤和刷状瘴蚤指名亚种雄雌比例相同,占23.08%;而多刺多毛蚤等3种蚤雄性多于雌性,占23.08%,个体性比在51.72%-57.53%之间。结论宁夏六盘山、贺兰山自然保护区蚤类生态群落中,主要蚤种多数种类性比率雌高于雄。     

四川省青海田鼠疫源地媒介蚤的研究

目的 分析2000-2008年四川省青海田鼠疫源地媒介蚤各指标的变化.方法 统计分析四川省2000-2008年鼠疫监测工作资料.结果 青海田鼠疫源地存在蚤类4科10属19种,以细钩盖蚤为主(62.79%),直缘双蚤指名亚种次之(30.90%);青海田鼠寄生蚤染蚤率和蚤指数有明显的季节变化,10月染蚤率及蚤指数较高,12月和3月则较低;可自然感染鼠疫的蚤类有3种(细钩盖蚤、直缘双蚤指名亚种和五侧纤蚤邻近亚种).结论 青海田鼠疫源地染疫动物和蚤类持续存在,应加强鼠疫监测.

Abstract：

Objective To analyzed the variant information on the indices regarding fleas from natural foci of Microtus plague in Sichuan epidemic area during 2000 to 2008.Methods Statistical and analytical methods were used on the surveillance data regarding Microtus fuscus plague.Results There were 19 flea species identified and the share of Callopsylla sparsilis was 62.79 percent while the share of Amphipsylla tuta tuta was 30.90 percent on Microtus fuscus plague.The infection rate of fleas and the flea index were the highest in October and the lowest in December and March.Species as Callopsylla sparsilis,Amphipsylla tuta tuta and Rhadinopsylla dahurica vicina could naturally infect the Yersinia pestis.Conclusion Microtus fuscus plague could become epidemic when animals and flea species were infected.We should emphasis on plague monitoring program so as to prevent the occurrence of the disease.     

Ticks,fleas and rodent-hosts analyzed for the presence of Borrelia miyamotoi in Slovakia: the first record of Borrelia miyamotoi in a Haemaphysalis inermis tick

In Slovakia, little knowledge is available on the occurrence, hosts and vectors of Borrelia miyamotoi of the relapsing fever group. In the current study, 2160 questing and rodent-attached ticks of six species (Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes trianguliceps, Dermacentor marginatus, Dermacentor reticulatus, Haemaphysalis concinna and Haemaphysalis inermis), 279 fleas belonging to 9 species (Ctenophthalmus agyrtes, Ctenophthalmus solutus, Ctenophthalmus assimilis, Megabothris turbidus, Amalareus penicilliger, Hystrichopsylla orientalis, Ctenophthalmus uncinatus, Doratopsylla dasycnema and Nosopsyllus fasciatus) and skin biopsies from 245 small mammals belonging to eight species (Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus flavicollis, Apodemus uralensis, Myodes glareolus, Crocidura leucodon, Micromys minutus, Microtus arvalis, Microtus subterraneus) were screened for the presence of B. miyamotoi DNA. The overall prevalence of B. miyamotoi found in questing and rodent-attached ticks was 1.8% (23 positive/1260 examined) and 3.4% (31 positive/900 examined), respectively. Borrelia miyamotoi was detected in questing I. ricinus, rodent-attached I. ricinus and H. inermis ticks, and in one male of the common vole (M. arvalis) in different habitats (mainly rural) in eastern Slovakia. However, B. miyamotoi was not found in any of the tested fleas. Our findings indicate that rural habitats with different species of tick vectors and hosts are appropriate for the occurrence of B. miyamotoi.     

广西隆林县鼠疫宿主动物及媒介蚤的调查

目的调查广西壮族自治区隆林县鼠疫自然疫源地鼠、蚤的组成与分布状况,并对鼠疫菌进行检测,为制定鼠疫防制对策提供依据。方法采用笼捕法捕获鼠并采集鼠体蚤,计算鼠体染蚤率和蚤指数;用粘蚤纸法捕获室内游离蚤,计算地面游离蚤指数;应用病原学和血清学检测鼠体等动物的鼠疫感染状况。结果该疫源地的啮齿动物共有2目3科11种,以黄胸鼠为优势鼠种;蚤类有6种,以印鼠客蚤为优势蚤种;平均鼠密度、平均鼠体染蚤率、平均蚤指数和印鼠客蚤指数分别为3.24%、27.09%、0.95和0.74,地面游离蚤指数为0.046;共培养鼠5398只,分离出10株鼠疫菌,用间接血凝试验检出2份阳性鼠血清和24份指示动物血清。结论隆林县存在黄胸鼠鼠疫自然疫源地,每年的4、10月是最适灭鼠期,2-10月是鼠疫监测的重点期。     

中国滇西家鼠鼠疫宿主及媒介群落结构差异的流行病学意义

目的 探讨云南省德宏、保山两个相邻家鼠鼠疫疫源地小哺乳动物及黄胸鼠体表蚤类群落组成与物种多样性差异的鼠疫流行病学意义.方法 用群落内的优势种构成比、多样性及聚类分析,对1982-1996年的调查资料进行分析.结果 两地区捕获的27种75 490只小哺乳动物可划分为3个群落:群落I[瑞丽居民区黄胸鼠(54.41%)+大臭鼩(33.37%)];群落Ⅱ[陇川、盈江居民区黄胸鼠(62.99%)+大臭鼩(23.25%)+小家鼠(10.06%)];群落Ⅲ[保山居民区黄胸鼠(48.07%)+大臭鼩(19.56%)+灰麝鼩(14.37%)].两地区所捕获黄胸鼠体表蚤类11种61 122只划分为3个群落:群落i[瑞丽居民区印鼠客蚤(83.51%)+野韧棒蚤(13.86%)];群落ii[陇川、盈江居民区印鼠客蚤(74.42%)+缓慢细蚤(22.94%)];群落iii[保山居民区缓慢细蚤(70.62%)+印鼠客蚤(22.70%)].德宏地区在10个年份内,从7种宿主和5种媒介动物中分离到鼠疫菌1471株;保山地区仅在1个年份,从1种宿主和2种媒介动物中分离到鼠疫菌36株.另外德宏地区黄胸鼠、印鼠客蚤的构成比均较高,分别为58.70%和78.97%;宿主、媒介群落的物种多样性指数都较低,分别为1.010和0.625.而保山地区则与之相反,黄胸鼠和印鼠客蚤的构成比都较低,分别为48.07%和22.70%;宿主、媒介群落的物种多样性指数较高,分别为1.471和0.829.致使蚤类群落ii→iii的主要优势蚤种,由印鼠客蚤转为缓慢细蚤.结论 保山地区宿主、媒介群落物种多样性指数高,而主要宿主、媒介的构成比低,是降低该地区鼠疫流行的重要原因.