NEW DEVICE TO PERFORM COAGULATION AND IRRIGATION SIMULTANEOUSLY DURING ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION USING AN INSULATION‐TIPPED ELECTROSURGICAL KNIFE

Background: Although bleeding is an unavoidable complication of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), endoscopic hemostasis using an insulation‐tipped electrosurgical knife (IT) knife is impossible because an insulator is mounted at the tip of the knife. We have developed a new type of hood which could perform both coagulation and irrigation simultaneously. Methods: Our new device was fabricated by drilling a side hole in the cap portion of a conventional transparent hood followed by attaching a machined papillotomy knife to the exterior surface of the hole. Results: Our new hood was useful for hemorrhage during ESD using IT knife. Conclusions: With this method, endoscopic hemostasis using IT knife is easy, as hemostatic procedure can be performed under irrigation and coagulation using conventional endoscopy.     

用示踪气体法评价和优选吸气罩

目的 在粉尘发生源处设置适用的局部吸气罩,可以有效地控制粉尘向周围扩散,是预防尘肺病发生的有效措施。为了提供适宜吸气罩的设计,使用了示踪气体法评价吸气罩的效率,对吸气罩的设计进行优选,以提高捕集效率和降低能耗。方法 建立示踪气体评价吸气罩效率的实验风道和方法,采用人工煤气作为示踪气体。结果 实验了长方形和无延伸挡板及有特殊延伸挡板的条缝形吸气罩在不同罩口风速下对示踪气体的捕集效率。导出了捕集效率和距离的关系方程式。实验结果表明:(1)吸气罩与污染源的距离和罩口风速对捕集效率有明显的影响。当罩口风速一定时。吸气罩越靠近污染源,捕集效率越高;而在同一距离上,罩口风速越大,捕集效率就越高。(2)有延伸挡板的条缝形吸气罩的捕集效率高于无延伸挡板条缝形吸气罩,前者采用较低的罩口风速(抽风量)可以得到相应的高捕集效率。结论 使用示踪气体对吸气罩进行优选的结果表明,通过改进吸气罩的形式可以降低所需风量并达到要求的效率,从而为减少通风设施的费用提供了一种重要途径。     

Orthogonal Design on Range Hood with Air Curtain and Its Effects on Kitchen Environment

Conventional range hoods cannot effectively prevent the oil fumes containing cooking-induced harmful material from escaping into the kitchen Air curtains and guide plates have been used in range hoods to reduce the escape of airborne emissions and heat, thereby improving the kitchen environment and the cook's degree of comfort. In this article, numerical simulations are used to study the effects of the jet velocity of an air curtain, the jet angle of the air curtain, the width of the jet slot, the area of the guide plate, and the exhaust rate of the range hood on the perceived temperature, the perceived concentration of oil fumes, the release temperature of oil fumes, and the concentration of escaped oil fumes in a kitchen. The orthogonal experiment results show that the exhaust rate of the range hood is the main factor influencing the fumes concentration and the temperature distribution in the kitchen. For the range hood examined in the present study, the optimum values of the exhaust rate, the jet velocity of the air curtain, the jet angle of the air curtain, the width of the jet slot, and the area of the guide plate are 10.5 m³/min, 1.5 m/s, ?5°, 4 mm, and 0.22 m², respectively, based on the results of the parametric study. In addition, the velocity field, temperature field, and oil fumes concentration field in the kitchen using the proposed range hood with the air curtain and guide plate are analyzed for those parameters. The study's results provide significant information needed for improving the kitchen environment.     

Effect of Diesel Exhaust Particle Extracts on Collagen-induced Arthritis in Mice

We investigated the effect of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) extracts on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. For this study, a single DEP sample was consecutively extracted with hexane (HEX-DEP), benzene (BEN-DEP), dichloromethane (DIC-DEP), methanol (MET-DEP), and 1 &#117 M ammonia (AMM-DEP) in that order. Residues unextracted with the last extraction solvent 1 &#117 M ammonia (UNE-DEP) were also used for experiments. To induce CIA, mice were immunized with type II collagen (CII) and 21 days later given a booster injection. DEP, each DEP extract, and UNE-DEP were intranasally administered every two days over a period of 20 days, commencing on the day of immunization. The results showed that treatment of mice with DEP, DIC-DEP, and UNE-DEP augmented both the incidence and the severity of CIA. DEP and DIC-DEP increased production of anti-CII IgG, IgG2a, and IgG1 antibodies as well as secretion of IFN- &#110 and IL-4. Treatment with UNE-DEP resulted in an increase in antigen-specific IgG, IgG2a, and IFN- &#110 but neither IgG1 nor IL-4. AMM-DEP failed to affect CIA as well as production of IgG2a and IFN- &#110, although significant increases in anti-CII IgG1 and IL-4 were observed in the treatment group. HEX-DEP, BEN-DEP, and MET-DEP had no effects on CIA and production of antibodies and cytokines examined. Thus, DEP and DIC-DEP appear to contain compounds, which enhance both Th1 and Th2 responses, while UNE-DEP and AMM-DEP to contain chemicals, which augment Th1 and Th2 alone, respectively. Th1- but not Th2-modulating compounds from DEP, DIC-DEP, and UNE-DEP seem to influence CIA.     

黑色先端帽联合窄带光成像在结肠镜检查中的作用

目的评估黑色先端帽辅助结肠镜联合窄带光成像（narrow band imaging,NBI）技术对腺瘤/息肉检出效能的影响。方法连续纳入2016年10月—2018年10月行结肠镜检查的患者,采用随机数字表法分为黑色先端帽组和对照组,黑色端帽组采用黑色先端帽辅助结肠镜联合NBI技术,对照组采用标准白光结肠镜,比较两组的息肉检出率、腺瘤检出率等指标,并进行亚组分析。结果共1 000例患者纳入本研究（每组500例）,黑色先端帽组和对照组近端结肠腺瘤检出率分别为24.2%(121/500)和17.2%(86/500),近端结肠息肉检出率分别为28.8%(144/500)和21.4%(107/500),平均腺瘤检出数分别0.41±0.94和0.26±0.68,平均息肉检出数为0.63±1.16和0.40±0.85,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,但该联合技术对于远端结直肠病变的检出率相较对照组无明显优势。结论黑色先端帽辅助结肠镜联合NBI能显著提高近端结肠腺瘤和息肉等微小病变的检出效能。     

四磨汤治疗妇产科手术后腹胀的效果探讨

目的探讨四磨汤治疗妇产科手术后腹胀的临床效果。方法选择本院2013年1月~2014年8月收治的138例妇产科术后腹胀患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组69例,对照组给予酚酞片治疗,观察组给予四磨汤治疗,观察两组的首次排气时间与总有效率。结果观察组的首次排气时间显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组的总有效率为94.20%,显著高于对照组的79.71%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论四磨汤治疗妇产科术后腹胀效果显著,能有效改善患者的首次排气时间,值得临床推广应用。     

Endoscopic therapy of early gastric cancer

Endoscopic therapy of early gastric cancer is applicable for differentiated-type mucosal carcinomas that have an extremely low potency of lymph-node metastasis. Among various kinds of endoscopic therapy, endoscopic mucosal resection is the most recommended procedure, because pathological evaluation of affected tissues is available using this method. Recently, endoscopic submucosal dissection, a novel method of endoscopic mucosal resection, has gained interest as a more reliable therapeutic procedure. In the present chapter several issues will be presented on endoscopic therapy for early gastric cancer, including endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer, currently accepted indications of endoscopic therapy, and the possibility of extending the indication and techniques used for mucosal resection.     

吸尘罩的优选及其在玉石雕刻防尘中的应用

目的对适用吸尘罩进行优选,并在实际通风除尘系统中应用。方法用示踪气体法对吸尘罩进行优选,比较不同吸尘罩捕集效率和风量的关系;对吸尘罩前风速分布进行测定,得出罩前风速分布模型。并对吸尘罩进行空气动力性能分析,测定雕刻排气中粉尘的粒径分级组成和除尘器的粉尘粒径分级除尘效率,评估除尘器的总除尘效率。结果优选出的雕刻吸尘罩,置于切割轮正前方0.11 m处,其控制风速为0.5 m/s,能有效地控制雕刻切割轮的粉尘不向周围扩散,工作地点空气粉尘浓度由无罩时的30-297 mg/m3降低至1.1-1.7 mg/m3,吸尘罩风量为255 m3/h,为其他类型吸尘罩的50%-77%。优选出的冲击水浴除尘器,其除尘效率为97%-98%,阻力为1.5 kPa;滤袋除尘器的效率为98%-99%,阻力为2.5 kPa;除尘后尾气的粉尘浓度为20-30 mg/m3。结论提出了优选吸尘罩的设计方法及实用的除尘器,可供实际应用。