Empty Sella and Headache

SYNOPSIS
Empty sella is an anatomical condition caused by herniation of the subarachnoid space into the pituitary fossa through an incompetent seller diaphragm. Headache seems to be one of the most frequently reported symptoms. We studied 13 headache patients (12 females, 1 male) presenting with primary empty sella (PES) on CT scan. The characteristics of the headache were analyzed and plasma levels of pituitary hormones or cortisol assessed. We confirmed the nonspecific nature of the headache in PES even though the majority of our patients complained of daily headache, mostly localized anteriorly. Hormone plasma levels were within normal range in all the patients assessed. However, four patients reported earlier endocrine disorders and more than half of the patients presented with obesity.
In our opinion, PES should be suspected in middle-aged overweight women with daily headache even in the absence of endocrine symptomatology.     

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus associated with empty sella

A 70-year-old female presented with the clinical triad of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and senile tremor. Neuroimaging disclosed findings of both NPH and empty sella (ES). A ventriculoperitoneal shunt did not modify the clinical course except for a mild and transient improvement, and shunt malfunction occured later on. The association of NPH and ES may result from a common underlying mechanism such as transient increases in intracranial pressure.     

山东省社区空巢老人社会支持与自理能力现状及关联研究

目的 探讨城市社区空巢老人社会支持与自理能力现状,并分析社会支持对空巢老人自理能力的影响。方法 采取多阶段分层随机抽样方法,抽取山东省城市社区卫生服务机构的2597名空巢老人作为研究对象,采用自编一般资料调查表、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、日常生活活动能力量表（ADL）进行调查。结果 山东省社区空巢老人社会支持评分为低、中水平占97.2%,ADL受损者占74.1%;社会支持总评分（r=-0.137,P＜0.01）及其主观支持（r=-0.150,P＜0.01）、客观支持（r=-0.086,P＜0.01）维度与日常生活活动能力呈负相关;回归结果显示,不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、患慢性病情况、两周患病情况、社会支持是ADL的影响因素,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 社区空巢老人自理能力较差,社会支持水平较低,社会支持与空巢老人自理能力呈负相关。通过“政府-社区-家庭”支持系统加强对空巢老人的社会支持,提升老年人自我照顾能力,提高其生活质量。     

中国城乡空巢老人社会隔离状况及其影响因素分析

目的 分析我国城乡空巢老人社会隔离状况及其影响因素差异。方法 社会隔离可被分为主观社会隔离和客观社会隔离,基于2014年中国老年社会追踪调查（CLASS）数据,纳入4 705名空巢老人,运用二分类logistic回归模型分析城乡空巢老人社会隔离的影响因素差异。结果 本研究空巢老人社会隔离发生率为51.3%,主、客观社会隔离同时发生率为11.9%,且农村社会隔离发生率（57.3%）高于城镇（47.4%）（χ2 = 43.871,P＜0.001）。无配偶、自评健康较差（OR = 1.635,95%CI:1.322～2.022;OR = 1.410,95%CI:1.119～1.777）、患有慢性病、低个人年收入、与子女见面（OR = 2.322,95%CI:1.457～3.701;OR = 2.858,95%CI:1.648～4.955）和电话联系频率低是城乡空巢老人出现社会隔离的危险因素,且ADL受损也是城乡空巢老人同时出现主、客观社会隔离的危险因素;教育程度和个人年收入是城镇空巢老人社会隔离发生的特有因素。结论 我国空巢老人社会隔离存在城乡差异,农村空巢老人社会隔离发生率高于城镇,应对城乡空巢老人采取针对性的干预措施。     

城乡空巢老人抑郁症状及影响因素差异研究

目的 分析我国城乡空巢老人的抑郁症状及影响因素的差异。方法 基于2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）数据,纳入2 911名空巢老人,运用χ2检验及二分类logistic回归分析城乡空巢老人抑郁影响因素及差异。结果 我国空巢老人抑郁状况得分为（9.1±6.8）,抑郁发生率为36.4%;农村空巢老人抑郁发生率（39.9%）高于城市空巢老人（26.2%）。女性、低文化水平、低夜间睡眠时间、与子女见面频率低、自评健康差、躯体疼痛、活动受限是城乡空巢老人抑郁的共同危险因素。有社会参与（ OR =0.673,95% CI :0.423~0.959, P =0.031）是城市空巢老人特有的保护因素;吸烟（ OR =1.491,95% CI :1.110~2.004, P =0.008）、患慢性病（ OR =1.349,95% CI :1.102~1.650, P =0.004）是农村空巢老人特有的危险因素,受教育程度高（ OR =0.619,95% CI :0.385~0.996, P =0.048）是农村空巢老人特有的保护因素。结论 我国空巢老人抑郁水平较高且存在城乡差异。农村地区空巢老人抑郁水平更高,影响因素更复杂。应制定有效措施有针对性的干预城乡空巢老人心理健康。     

空肠置管肠内营养支持

目的：空肠置管营养支持效果分析。方法：27例患者肠内营养支持,观察营养指标及并发症,结果：25例患者肠内营养支持,增加了营养的摄 入量,改善了氮平衡,并发症明显降低（见表1）;2例因多脏器功能竭死亡,结论：大多数外科危重病人可通过肠内营养到营养支持的目的。     

空洞型耐多药肺结核患者耐药性分析及治疗方案探索

目的探讨耐多药肺结核患者耐药性产生原因及治疗方法。方法对2012年10月～2013年10月间，本院收治的68例空洞型耐多药肺结核患者耐药性进行分析，并探讨治疗方法。结果本次调研发现，患者治疗依从性差，是导致多重耐药肺结核的因素，其次，治疗方法的不合理同样导致患者感染，因此针对患者采用个性化的治疗是治疗耐多药肺结核患者的重要手段，本次实验中，观察组患者使用个性化的耐药菌敏感药物进行治疗，治疗效果优于对照组（χ^2=4．239，P=0．036〈0．05）。结论导致患者耐多药感染的主要因素是由于治疗依从性差及治疗方案的不合理，因此对患者进行教育和心理疏导以及个体化全面治疗，有助于耐多药肺结核治疗。     

Two cases of Kallmann syndrome associated with empty sella

Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a developmental disease characterized by the association of isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia/hyposmia. We report an unusual presentation of two females with KS and empty sella. These females, aged at 20 and 29-year-old, presented primary amenorrhea with prepubertal estradiol and low gonadotropin levels. No other significant clinical signs were observed. Empty sella was observed on MRI in both cases. Sequencing of FGFR1 gene, recently implicated in autosomal form of KS, was performed and one splicing mutation (IVS14 + 1G > A) was identified in one patient.     

探讨社区空巢老年糖尿病患者的心理特点及对策

目的：探讨社区空巢老年糖尿病患者心理特点及对策。方法2009年9月—2012年9月期间对该社区确诊的空巢老年糖尿病患者进行为期3年的医护干预,心理疏导前后对患者进行问卷调查和医学体检,评价其效果。结果292人参与,男性131人,女性161人,在糖尿病诊断标准、服降糖药感觉良好后仍需保持良好的心态等方面,除遗传是危险因素知晓率无差别外,其余知识的知晓率在心理疏导前后差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01);对控制体重、有氧运动,戒烟、限酒和保持心理平衡等非药物疗法的使用率均上升,除戒烟外,其余差异有统计学意义(P<0．05)。心理疏导后患者总复查率、总药物治疗率和总控制率较心理疏导前分别提高了12．81％,7．41％和23．62％,其中心理疏导前后总控制率差别有统计学意义(χ2=10．84,P相似文献   

Sheehan's syndrome: clinical profile, pituitary hormone responses and computed sellar tomography

Twenty patients with the typical clinical presentation of Sheehan's syndrome were studied. All had a severe degree of hypopituitarism. The circulating mean basal levels of thyroid hormones, Cortisol and prolactin were significantly lower (p< 0.05 to <0.02) compared to those in 50 age matched controls. The provoked pituitary responses to combined pituitary stimulation in 13 patients were markedly lower (p <0.02 to <0.001) than those in ten age matched control subjects. Sellar computed tomography revealed an empty sella in all the patients; partial in five and complete in the remaining. A secondary empty sella is considered a characteristic finding in the classical form of Sheehan's syndrome. (Aust NZ J Med 1993; 23: 26–31.)