Psychosocial Effects of Physical and Verbal Abuse in Postmenopausal Women

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological effects of physical and verbal abuse in a cohort of older women.METHODS This observational cohort study was conducted at 40 clinical sites nationwide that are part of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Observational Study. We surveyed 93,676 women aged 50 to 79 years using the mental health subscales and the combined mental component summary (MCS) score of the RAND Medical Outcomes Study 36-item instrument.RESULTS At baseline, women reporting exposure to physical abuse only, verbal abuse only, or both physical and verbal abuse had a greater number of depressive symptoms (1.6,1.6, and 3 more symptoms, respectively) and lower MCS scores (4.6, 5.4, and 8.1 lower scores, respectively) than women not reporting abuse. Compared with women who had no exposure to abuse, women had a greater increase in the number of depressive symptoms when they reported a 3-year incident exposure to physical abuse only (0.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.21 to 0.60), verbal abuse only (0.18; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.24), or both physical and verbal abuse (0.15; 95% CI, −0.05 to 0.36); and they had a decrease in MCS scores when they reported a 3-year incident exposure to physical abuse only (−1.12; 95% CI, −2.45 to 0.12), verbal abuse only (−0.55; 95% CI, −0.75 to −0.34), and both physical and verbal abuse (−0.44; 95% CI, −1.11 to −0.22) even after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics.CONCLUSION Exposure to abuse in older, functionally independent women is associated with poorer mental health. The persistence of these findings suggests that clinicians need to consider abuse exposure in their older female patients who have depressive symptoms. Clinicians caring for older women should identify women at risk for physical and verbal abuse and intervene appropriately.     

血清痩素对老年男性骨质疏松的影响

目的 探讨血清瘦素水平对老年男性骨质疏松的影响。方法 选取年龄在60-92岁的158例老年男性，采用双能X线法（DXA）检测骨密度，并根据测值将受试者分为骨质疏松组与非骨质疏松组，用放射免疫法（RIA）检测两组空腹血清瘦素浓度，进行比较研究。结果 血清瘦素测值在不同年龄组间的差异无统计学意义，而在肥胖组与非肥胖组间有显著差异（P〈0．01）。在老年男性骨质疏松组血清瘦素测值明显低于非骨质疏松组，两者具有显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论 血清瘦索测值并不随老年男性的年龄而变化。但与老年男性的体重指数呈正相关，血清瘦素对老年男性骨质疏松有较好的预示及保护作用。     

Intravenous drug abuse and Type 1 diabetes: financial and healthcare implications.

AIMS: To determine the morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs of intravenous drug-abusing patients with Type 1 diabetes (IVDA-DM), who are admitted to hospital. METHODS: Retrospective case note analysis of admissions, complications and cost estimation over a 6-year period. Each drug-abusing patient (IVDA-DM) (n = 9) was compared with two controls (n = 18) with Type 1 diabetes but without a history of intravenous drug abuse (DM-controls). Admissions were also analysed for patients with intravenous drug abuse, but without Type 1 diabetes (IVDA-controls) (n = 198). Admissions were at a University teaching hospital in Liverpool, UK. DM-controls were drawn from a population attending diabetes outpatient clinics between 1997 and 2002 at the same hospital. The main outcome measures were: the duration and healthcare costs of hospital admissions per year, outpatient attendances per year, glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)), weight, micro- and macrovascular complications and mortality. RESULTS: Multiple admissions, mainly related to ketoacidosis, led to marked differences in mean (95% CI) inpatient days per year per patient [IVDA-DM 28.1 (13.6-42.7) vs. DM-control 1.1 (0.2-1.9); P < 0.0001], mean inpatient days per year per patient in critical care bed (IVDA-DM 1.7 (-0.7-4.2) vs. DM-control 0; P < 0.02) and mean costs of admission, per patient per year (pound sterling 7320 vs. pound sterling 230). The IVDA-DM group frequently omitted insulin, were underweight, failed to attend as outpatients and five had died by the end of 2002. The IVDA-controls spent considerably less time in hospital [3.4 (2.8-3.9) days per patient per year]. CONCLUSION: IVDA-DM patients have higher rates of diabetes complications, are admitted more frequently and have a high mortality compared with DM and IVDA-controls. The cost of inpatient care of this small group of patients was considerable.     

老年疝环充填式无张力疝修补术的应用

目的：探讨老年人疝环充填式无张力疝修补术的近期疗效。方法：对35例次老年人疝环充填式无张力疝修补术的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：平均手术时间40min，住院天数3-7d。术后8-30h均能下床活动。全部未使用镇痛药物。并发症：急性尿潴留1例，恶心呕吐1例，术后低热2例。切口感染率及近期复发率均为0。结论：疝环充填式无张力疝修补术具有操作简便、创伤小、恢复快、无张力、低复发率、适应症宽的优点而成为老年腹股沟疝的理想术式。     

我院平均住院日状况的调查分析

目的：通过对医院平均住院日情况的简要分析，以探索缩短平均住院日的有效途径。方法：从统计室提取数据，与病案核对，计算相对指标。结果：我院的平均住院日呈下降趋势，但与卫生部颁布的标准还有差距，中医各科和康复科科别的平均住院日更长一些。结论：我院的平均住院日还有潜力可挖，术前住院日多数病种都较长，应在医疗质量和护理质量上狠下功夫，加强科室间的协作，降低平均住院日，减少无效住院日。     

急诊病房住院患者临床特征及卫生经济学指标分析

目的探讨2668例急诊病房住院患者的临床病例特点,为急诊医护工作提供参考依据。方法选取2015年1月至2018年6月于宣武医院急诊科病房住院的2668例患者,回顾性地采集研究数据,包括性别、年龄、共病受累系统、住院费用、住院时间、住院前及出院前自理生活能力评分。结果1)男性患者入院平均年龄小于女性[(67.2±17.1)岁vs(70.7±17.2)岁](P<0.01)。2)2408例(90.25%)入院患者罹患3种以上共病,共病受累系统主要为呼吸、循环、内分泌。3)患者入院前生活能力评分显著低于出院前生活能力评分(69.42±25.09 vs 78.12±26.13)(P<0.001)。4)Barthel评分与住院时间、住院费用、白蛋白减低、贫血呈负相关。结论急诊病房病种复杂,涉及多学科多专业,病情危重多变,应在临床诊治和护理过程中给予综合、全面的评估,提高患者的治愈率。     

长寿老人主观幸福感及其相关因素研究

目的:了解长寿老人主观幸福感及其影响因素。方法:采用横断面整群抽样调查方法,对732例都江堰市90岁以上老人进行费城老年中心信心量表(PGCMS)、家庭关怀度指数(APGAR)、中文版简易智能状态检查(MMSE)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)及社会支持量表(SSRS)调查。结果:PGCMS在90-108岁老人中呈负偏态分布,PGCMS总分为1-23分,M(QL-QU)为17(13-19)。各年龄组间PGCMS的差异无统计学意义,PGCMS与SSRS中的主观社会支持、客观社会支持及APGAR、MMSE、ADL中的躯体生活自理分量表的相关有统计学意义。结论:PGCMS在90-108岁老人中呈负偏态分布,分值不随年龄的增加而变化。对90—108岁长寿老人主观幸福感有影响的因子及强度依次为主观社会支持、客观社会支持、认知功能状况、家庭关怀情况及日常生活中躯体生活自理能力。     

基于Logistics模型与随机森林的患者流向及影响因素研究--以安徽省太湖县为例

目的:研究分级诊疗制度下患者就医流向的态势和影响因素。方法;利用安徽太湖县2015~2018年新农合数据,采用Logistics模型和随机森林分析患者流向及影响因素。结果:县域内就医比例增加,县域外就医费用明显增加。年龄、患者所在地,政策实施等对就医流向影响显著。结论:太湖县分级诊疗有效促进患者合理分流,新农合支付手段对患者县内就医起到一定作用。     

住院精神病患者滥用镇静催眠药物倾向

目的:调查我院住院精神病患者镇静催眠药物使用情况.并对相关因素进行分析.方法:通过对591例住院精神病患者的病历进行回顾性调查,获取相关资料并进行分析.结果:住院精神病患者应用镇静催眠药物主要集中在40～49岁,住院时间≤5年,且女性相对用药率明显高于男性.结论:镇静催眠药物在住院精神病患者中的滥用倾向与患者的性别、年龄、住院时间及医师的工作情况有关.