Ornithodoros dyeri (Parasitiformes: Ixodida: Argasidae) parasitizing Leptonycteris yerbabuenae (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in Mexico

Parasites are a selective force that shape communities and ecosystems. Hosts represent a food source, habitat, and a way to disperse. In recent years, investigations dealing with bats and their role as hosts to numerous parasitic organisms, including metazoan ectoparasites and endoparasites have increased, and soft ticks (Parasitiformes: Ixodida: Argasidae) are among the best known. In Mexico, 16 species of soft ticks associated with bats have been reported up to now, but there are no specific records of soft ticks parasitizing Leptonycteris yerbabuenae in the country. Herein, we record for the first time the presence of Ornithodoros dyeri parasitizing L. yerbabuenae and report an extension of its geographic distribution. The same tick species was also recorded from the California leaf-nosed bat (Macrotus californicus). Data on prevalence, mean intensity, mean abundance, tick identification, and possible scenarios of life cycle associations for O. dyeri and one of its hosts, L. yerbabuenae, are discussed.     

乌拉斯台口岸啮齿动物及其体外寄生物调查

目的掌握口岸地区啮齿类动物及其体外寄生物本底属种和自然感染鼠疫情况。方法从口岸货场区、蒿属草荒漠区、禾本科草场区和丘陵区捕获啮齿动物并采集体表寄生物。在镜下进行分类鉴定；用正向血凝检测鼠疫F1抗体。结果捕获啮齿类动物52只，隶属1目3科7属9种。检出27只染蚤鼠，9种96只寄生蚤。检出17只染螨鼠，采获8种119只寄生螨。共采集啮齿动物腹腔血52份，用正向血凝检测鼠疫F1抗体，结果均为阴性。结论能传播多种自然疫源性疾病的啮齿动物体外寄生物在该口岸均有分布，故对其流行病学意义应深入调查和研究。     

云南省27县(市)大绒鼠体表恙螨寄生状况研究

目的了解云南省大绒鼠体表恙螨的寄生状况,包括恙螨的种类构成、优势螨种及其在不同宿主个体间的空间分布情况、主要螨种的种间关系以及雌雄宿主(大绒鼠)体表恙螨感染差异。方法汇总2001—2012年在云南省27县(市)的现场调查资料,常规统计计算大绒鼠体表恙螨的种类数和各种恙螨的构成比、感染率、平均多度和感染度等指标,并以此来反映大绒鼠体表恙螨的感染状况;用扩散系数、I指数、Cassie指数、聚块指数测定主要恙螨在大绒鼠不同个体间的空间分布情况;用协调系数分析主要恙螨之间的种间协调关系,分析比较雌雄大绒鼠体表恙螨的感染差异。结果从云南省27县市共捕获大绒鼠1 961只。从1 961只大绒鼠体表共采集到44 235只恙螨,总感染率和感染度均较高,分别为58.8%和38.3只螨/鼠。所采集到的44 235只恙螨被分类鉴定为3科12属130种。在130种恙螨中,小板纤恙螨的构成比最高,为22.6%(9 986/44 235),是云南省大绒鼠体表最主要的优势种;其次是中华纤恙螨,构成比为13.1%(5 776/44235)。空间分布分析显示,小板纤恙螨与中华纤恙螨等主要恙螨在大绒鼠不同个体间呈聚集分布格局。种间协调分析显示,小板纤恙螨与中华纤恙螨存在正协调关系(V=0.5574,P0.01)。雌性大绒鼠与雄性大绒鼠恙螨的寄生状况有一定的差异,雄性大绒鼠的总平均多度和总感染度分别为25.1和41.0,均高于雌性大绒鼠的19.6(t=2.479,P0.05)和34.1(t=1.985,P0.05)。结论云南省大绒鼠体表恙螨感染普遍,恙螨种类十分丰富,小板纤恙螨是云南省大绒鼠体表最重要的优势螨种,其次是中华纤恙螨,二者之间存在正协调关系。恙螨在雌雄大绒鼠间的感染情况存在差异,雄性大绒鼠的感染度和平均多度均高于雌性。     

塔里木盆地啮齿动物体外寄生虫群落结构及其聚类分析

目的 掌握塔里木盆地啮齿动物体外寄生虫群落组成、结构和分类。方法 根据地理区划和生境类型选择调查点，按样方法捕获啮齿动物，对体外寄生虫进行单独鉴定，采用群落生态学技术方法，计算各鼠类、蚤类群落的组成和结构参数，并采用聚类分析的方法，对该地区啮齿动物体外寄生虫群落进行分类。结果 在塔里木盆地共捕获啮齿动物7种351只，检获体外寄生蚤10种683只，蜱类3种321只，螨621只，虱29只，构建7个鼠类、蚤类群落；子午沙鼠体外寄生蚤的蚤指数、丰富度和多样性3项指标均较高，对该地区啮齿动物体外寄生虫群落的构成和稳定起到了积极作用，三趾跳鼠体外寄生虫群落与子午沙鼠存在一定的互补性，对维持塔里木盆地蚤类群落结构亦具有重要的作用。结论 经聚类分析可将塔里木盆地7种啮齿动物体外寄生虫群落聚类为4个类型：（1）短耳沙鼠、小林姬鼠、灰仓鼠和小家鼠体外寄生虫群落；（2）三趾跳鼠体外寄生虫群落；（3）大耳跳鼠体外寄生虫群落；（4）子午沙鼠体外寄生虫群落。     

Immunisation with recombinant proteins subolesin and Bm86 for the control of Dermanyssus gallinae in poultry

Dermanyssus gallinae has a worldwide distribution and is considered to be the most serious and economically significant ectoparasite affecting egg-laying poultry in Europe. Recombinant Bm86 and subolesin proteins derived from Boophilus microplus ticks and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes were used to immunise poultry in an attempt to control D. gallinaein vitro. Immunisation with subolesin and Bm86 stimulated different profiles of IgY response, whilst Bm86 but not subolesin was recognized by IgY on western blots. Orthologues for Bm86 were not found in D. gallinae by PCR, but a 150 bp fragment aligned with mammalian akirin 1 and a 300 bp fragment aligned with Amblyomma hebraeum were amplified by subolesin PCR. D. gallinae mortality after feeding was 35.1% higher (P = 0.009) in the Subolesin group and 23% higher (not significant) in the Bm86 compared to the Control group. Thus it can be concluded that immunisation with recombinant subolesin can stimulate a protective response in laying hens against D. gallinae.     

云南大理吸虱昆虫调查初报

目的　初步了解云南大理吸虱种类分布状况。方法　用鼠笼加食饵诱捕小型哺乳动物 (小兽 )宿主 ,用全捕法采集其体表的全部吸虱。吸虱经过常规逐级脱水、透明、干燥处理、制成玻片标本后于显微镜下逐一鉴定。结果从各种生境捕获啮齿目、食虫目、攀目等小型哺乳动物 (小兽 ) 2 2种 63 6只 ,采集吸虱 80 5 1只 ,经分类鉴定 ,隶属 4科 5属 14种。多数小兽宿主体表仅采获吸虱 1～ 2种 ,少数宿主有 3～ 4种。各小兽宿主体表吸虱群落简单 ,物种丰富度和生物多样性均很低 ,大多数优势虱种的相对优势度很高 ,优势种地位突出。结论　小兽体表吸虱种类单一 ,物种多样性低 ,多数吸虱的宿主特异性较高。     

深圳市郊区印鼠客蚤分布的调查

目的了解印鼠客蚤在月份和鼠种的分布,为深圳市灭蚤预防鼠疫提供依据。方法2007年1-12月在龙岗区坂田街道每月布笼捕鼠15-20只,调查鼠密度、染蚤率和印鼠客蚤指数,用x2比较不同鼠种染蚤率的差异显著性。结果共获鼠2种185只,其中褐家鼠170只和黄胸鼠15只,笼捕法测得鼠密度为12%。鼠类雌雄性比为1:1.20,成幼比为2.2:1。从诱捕的185只活鼠体表采集到298只蚤,只有印鼠客蚤1个种,蚤类雌雄性比为1:0.95。褐家鼠和黄胸鼠染蚤率分别为41.12%(70/170)和26.67%(4/15),差异没有统计意义。家鼠染蚤率最大值为63%,出现在3月份,最小值为19%在6月份,家鼠平均染蚤率为40%。印鼠客蚤指数最大值为4.20出现在4月份,最小值为0.25出现在6月份,平均指数为1.61。褐家鼠和黄胸鼠的蚤指数分别是1.67和0.93。结论深圳郊区全年均有印鼠客蚤繁殖,蚤密度随季节而波动,高峰在春季,褐家鼠作为印鼠客蚤的宿主动物比黄胸鼠重要。     

Prevalence and Rate of Parasitemia of Haemoproteus columbae in Columba Iiviadomesticain Southwest of Iran

Background

Parasites affect the health and productivity of birds. Haemoproteus columbae occurs in pigeons widely in tropical and subtropical regions. The present investigation was concentrated on the prevalence of H. columbae and rate of parasitemia in domestic pigeons in southwest of Iran.

Methods

Pigeons regimented in three groups, less than six months old, between six and twenty four months old and more than twenty four months old.Then stained blood smears were studied for presence of H. columbae and finally rate of parasitemia in every group calculated.

Results

Mature and immature stages of H. columbae gametocytes were found in 24% of blood smears prepared from 100 healthy domestic pigeons. Mean of parasitemia in infected pigeons was 9.58%. Mean size of macrogametocytes was 4μm×15μm and mean size of microgametocytes was 3μm×12μm. Mean of parasitemia in infected females was more than males and pipers. Mean of parasitemia in infected old pigeons (pigeons with more than twenty four months old) was more than pigeons with less than six months old and pigeons between six and twenty four months old.

Conclusion

This study show the prevalence and rate of parasitemia in domestic pigeons in southwest of Iran. We should be care about this parasite in pigeons by knowing the prevalence and high risk groups.     

北京东灵山地区鼠类体外寄生虫时间生态位的研究

目的 了解北京东灵山地区鼠类体外寄生虫时间生态位的情况。方法 计算寄生在7种鼠类体表的18种主要寄生虫的生态位宽度和彼此间的重叠指数。通过聚类分析，将重叠指数较高的寄生虫种类分在一个类群。结果 时间生态位最宽的种类，蚤类为特新蚤，蜱类为全沟硬蜱，革螨为巢鼠厉螨，恙螨为东方纤恙螨，季节消长曲线类型相似的物种时间生态位重叠指数较高。如东方纤恙螨和毒厉螨，二齿新蚤和特新蚤，沙百灵血革螨和特新蚤。结论 鼠类体外寄生虫重叠指数较高的种类。在宿主动物体表出现的时间基本一致。