Deficiencies of Vitamins in CAPD Patients: The Effect of Supplementation

Concentrations of the vitamins B₁, B₂, B₆, B₁₂, C, folic acid,A, E and ß-carotene were determined in blood and 24-hdialysate in 44 CAPD patients. Twenty-five of these patientswere studied during chronic treatment (mean 313 days, range60–1034 days). Nineteen patients were studied during training.In a longitudinal study, 11 patients were analysed again after77–507 (mean 238) days. In both patient groups a considerable portion of patients (11%–64%)had blood concentrations indicative of a deficiency of the vitaminsB₁, B₆, C and folic acid. The average concentrations of thesevitamins were normal in both groups. The only abnormal findingwas the mean EGOT activity being deficient in patients on chronictreatment. Mean concentrations of vitamin A were above normalin both groups. In the longitudinal study a significant increaseof vitamin B₂ and a decrease of vitamin B₆ in blood was found. When compared to 24-h excretion in normal urine, loss with 24-hdialysate was low for vitamin B₁, normal to relatively highfor vitamin B₂ and B₆, but extremely high for vitamin C andfolic acid. The vitamins B₁₂, A, E and carotenoids were hardlydetectable in the dialysate. In ten other patients the effect of daily supplementation with2 mg vitamin B₆, 100mg vitamin C and 400 µg folic acidwas analysed during a 16-week period. In all patients a significantincrease in blood concentrations was obtained. It is concludedthat these dosages were sufficient to maintain a normal statusof these vitamins in CAPD patients.     

基于网络药理学及分子对接预测安子调冲方中和血中药对免疫相关复发性流产的作用机制

目的：应用网络药理学及分子对接技术探讨安子调冲方（ATF）中起和血作用的鸡血藤–蒲黄炭（JXT–PHT对治疗免疫相关复发性流产（IRRPL）的作用机制,为进一步对ATF的拆方研究奠定基础。方法：利用TCMSP和HERB数据库进行化合物成分检索,在Swiss Target Prediction数据库预测药物作用靶点。使用Genecards和ImmPort数据库获取IRRPL相关靶点。利用jvenn绘制韦恩图,得到潜在作用靶点。在STRING数据库构建蛋白互作（PPI）网络,并分析关键作用靶点。构建“和血作用中药–成分–靶点–疾病”网络,在Cytoscape 3.10.0中可视化,并分析核心成分。应用DAVID(v2023q1)数据库,对潜在作用靶点进行基因本体（GO）和京都基因和基因组数据库（KEGG）功能富集分析。最后通过AutoDock–Vina(v1.2.5)对关键作用靶点和核心成分执行分子对接,在PyMOL 2.5进行可视化。结果：共筛选出ATF中起和血作用的JXT–PHT 31个活性成分,预测靶点586个,IRRPL相关靶点226个,潜在作用靶点38个,构建PPI网络并分析后得...     

加碘盐烹饪过程中碘损失的研究

目的对碘盐中碘的稳定性进行研究，为正确使用碘盐提供依据。方法模拟不同烹饪过程进行试验研究。结果碘盐中碘的损失量受烹饪方式及烹饪时间的影响，经220℃干炒或油炸，碘损失量明显，在油炸3min后，碘含量减少25．0％；6min减少47．1％；12min减少66．7％，受热时间的延长，碘损失量增加。结论为确保碘缺乏病防治效果，制作食物应尽量选择煮、蒸等烹饪方式，避免油炸、干炒等高温烹饪方式，同时制作食物时应尽量缩短加放食盐后的烹饪时间，提倡食物制熟后加盐。     

Heat Losses Caused by the Temporary Influence of Wind in Timber Frame Walls Insulated with Fibrous Materials

The paper presents the results of research concerning three fiber materials—mineral wool, hemp fiber and wood wool—as loose-fill thermal insulation materials. The analysis used the material parameters determined in previous works conducted by the authors, such as thermal conductivity and air permeability in relation to bulk density. These materials exhibit open porosity; thus, convection is an essential phenomenon in the heat transfer process. The paper aimed at conducting thermal simulations of various frame wall variants which were filled with the above-mentioned insulation materials. The simulations were performed with the Control Volume Method using the Delphin 5.8 software. The studies accounted for the effect of wind pressure and the time of its influence on a wall insulated by means of fiber material with a thickness of 150 as well as 250 mm. The simulation enabled us to obtain such data as maximal R-value reduction and time to return to equilibrium after filtration for the analyzed materials. The study proved that heat transfer in these insulations strongly depends on the bulk density, thickness of the insulation and wind pressure. The decrease in R is reduced as the density increases. This results from the decreased air permeability characterizing the material. Wind washing causes lower R reduction than air filtration in all models. The greater the thickness, the longer it takes for the models to return to the equilibrium state following air filtration (and wind washing). This period is comparable for air filtration and wind washing. Hemp fibers were characterized with the strongest susceptibility to air filtration; in the case of wood wool, it was also high, but lower than for hemp fibers, while mineral wool was characterized with the lowest.     

Simulation of Waveforms of a Ferrite Inductor with Saturation and Power Losses

We propose a model of an equivalent electrical circuit specifically designed for a ferrite indAuctor excited by a sinusoidal waveform. The purpose of this model is its use in a circuit simulator. We calculate the model parameters by means of Finite Elements in 2D which leads to significant computational advantages over the 3D model. We carry out the validation for a toroidal ferrite inductor by comparing the experimental results and computed ones. We consider the saturation and power losses in the core. In addition, we have tested the model for the case of square waveform in order to generalize the results. We find excellent agreement between the experimental data and the results obtained by numerical calculations.     

Adenocarcinoma of the Ampulla of Vater: T-Stage,Chromosome 17p Allelic Loss,and Extended Pancreaticoduodenectomy are Relevant Prognostic Factors

Objective To evaluate the prognostic significance of different clinico-pathological and molecular factors, and to compare survival after standard and extended pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in ampulla of Vater adenocarcinoma (AVAC). Summary Background Data There are discordant data on factors affecting prognosis, and hence therapeutic choices, in AVAC. Patients and Methods Clinical-pathological factors were evaluated in 59 patients, subjected to PD for AVAC; in 42 subjects information on chromosome 17p and 18q allelic losses (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) was also available. The association between survival and type of PD was investigated in the 25 patients operated between 1990 and 2001 (16 standard and nine extended). Results The overall 5- and 10-year tumor-related survival rates were 46% and 33%, respectively. Sixteen patients had T-stages 1–2, 14 T-stage 3, and 29 T-stage 4 cancers. Chromosome 17p and 18q LOH were detected in 23 (55%) and 15 cases (36%), respectively, and in 12 cases (29%) coexisted. Five cases were MSI-positive (12%). At univariate analysis, poor survival was associated with cancer ulceration (P = 0.051), poor differentiation (P = 0.008), T-stage 4 (P < 0.001), nodal metastases (P = 0.004), chromosome 17p (P < 0.001) and 18q LOH (P = 0.002), and absence of MSI (P = 0.009). At multivariate analysis, only T-stage (P = 0.002) and 17p LOH (P = 0.001) were independent predictors of survival. All patients with MSI-positive cancers were long-survivors (>12 yrs), whereas only 30% of MSI-negative cancer patients survived at 5 years. Extended pancreaticoduodenectomy was associated with a 3-year disease-related survival higher than standard resection (83% vs 31%; P = 0.018). Conclusion MSI and chromosome 17p status allow to better define prognosis within ampullary cancers at the same stage. Surgery alone resulted curative in MSI-positive cancer patients, whereas it was inadequate in patients showing allelic losses, who might benefit from adjuvant therapy. In this observational study, extended PD was associated with increased survival compared to standard procedures. Presented at the 2006 Annual Meeting of the American Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association, Miami Beach, Florida, March 9–12, 2006     

Alcohol-related human losses in Russia in the 1980s and 1990s

ABSTRACT Aims The estimation of alcohol‐related human losses in Russia in the 1980s and 1990s. Design The estimation was made by comparing changes in the total number of deaths and in specific categories, and alcohol consumption in Russia during this time. Setting The anti‐alcohol campaign, launched in 1985, and the market reforms launched in 1992 were associated with large and rapid changes of alcohol ­consumption in Russia. Findings In the early 1980s, the aggregate number of direct and indirect alcohol‐related life losses was more than 500 000 per annum, or 32% of total deaths. Half of the alcohol‐related human losses in Russia over the period studied were due to accidents, poisoning and violence. Following the anti‐alcohol campaign and reduction in annual per capita alcohol consumption from 14.2 (1984) to 10.5 l (1986), mortality decreased from 1161.6 to 1054.0 per 100 000 of the population. It is estimated that from 1986 to 1991 the lives of 1.22 million people were spared; that is, 11.4% of the number of deaths expected without the anti‐alcohol campaign. All categories of deaths were reduced with the exception of neoplasms, infectious and parasitic diseases. In the period of the so‐called market reforms both alcohol consumption and mortality increased sharply. The total number of alcohol‐related deaths for 1994 was 751 000 in the population, or 33% of all deaths (direct and indirect losses). In 1995 alcohol consumption started to decrease. A decrease in mortality was registered despite the sharp deterioration of the quality of life in the country. However, a new growth of total mortality, fatal alcohol poisonings and number of alcohol psychoses began in 1999–2000. Conclusion The results of this study show the enormous scale of alcohol‐related mortality in Russia. It has been revealed that alcohol‐related deaths are at the top of the hierarchy of all premature deaths in the country. Decreasing alcohol consumption is an important means of decreasing total mortality in Russia.     

Models to assess nitrogen losses in pediatric patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis

To develop models to estimate nitrogen (N) losses of children on chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD) from easily measurable indexes and laboratory tests, we measured the N content and all nitrogenous compounds in dialysate (D), urine (U), and feces over 3 days in 19 pediatric patients on CPD. Total measured N losses (TNm) were 5.56±2.26 g/day (69.9±11.1% in dialysate, 16.3±10.6% in urine, and 13.6±4.6% in feces). Correlation coefficients between measured dialysate and urinary N losses and the single nitrogenous compounds indicated values of over 0.9 only for urea in dialysate and urine; fecal N losses correlated well with body surface area (BSA). Taking into account these correlations, we developed a univariate additive model and three multivariate models to predict total estimated N losses (TNe). The best prediction of TNm was obtained with model 3, which considered not only urea output in dialysate and urine but also dialysate protein loss and BSA: TNe (g/day)=0.03+1.138 UN urea+0.99 DN urea+1.18 BSA+0.965 DN protein. A confirmatory analysis performed on a second group of 23 pediatric patients on CPD, using all four models, showed a higher percentage of studies with a relative difference between TNm and TNe less than 10% for model 3 than for the other models. Thus, N losses of pediatric patients on CPD can be estimated from measured urea and protein losses in dialysate and urea loss in urine, together with BSA. Received: 11 October 1999 / Revised: 1 March 2000 / Accepted: 1 March 2000